Improving the Insulating Properties of Transformer Oil Using Nanomaterials with Regard to Thermal Aging
محورهای موضوعی : Electrical EngineeringAmir Hamed Mashhadzadeh 1 , Mahmood Ghanbari 2 , Amangaldi Koochaki 3 , Seyyedmeysam Seyyedbarzegar 4 , Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari 5
1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.
2 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.
3 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
4 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
5 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
کلید واژه: Nanoparticle, Thermal aging, Transformer oil, Breakdown voltage, Lightning breakdown,
چکیده مقاله :
Incorporation of nanoparticles into transformer oils improves their electrical and insulating properties. However, thermal aging may undesirably decrease the performance of nanomaterials in transformer oils. Herein, pure oil together with TiO2, ZnO, and CNTs incorporated oil (nanofluids) can underwent thermal aging by simulating this phenomenon at 110, 120, and 130 ° C for 30, 30, and 15 days (equivalent of 10, 30, and more than 40 years of normal oil operation, respectively). During the accelerated thermal aging process, the total acid number (TAN), breakdown voltage, and lightning impulse breakdown voltage of all samples were measured periodically. The TAN increased with increasing temperature and time, but never exceeded the allowable level of 1.2 mg KOH/g. As the oil ages, its corrosion rate increases, which is undesirable for the transformer. The results of the breakdown voltage test suggest that the TiO2 was the best candidate, such that the breakdown voltage increased with respect to the pure oil by 17, 27, and 48% at 110, 120, and 130 °C, respectively. The outcome of the lightning breakdown test also indicated that TiO2 still performed better than the other samples. TiO2 was able to improve the lightning voltage at 110, 120, and 130 °C by 33, 8, and 5%, respectively. Therefore, as it was observed, TiO2 has been able to perform the best performance in thermal aging.
[1] Loiselle, L., et al., Comparative studies of the stability of various fluids under electrical discharge and thermal stresses. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015. 22(5): p. 2491-2499.
[2] Meshkatoddini, M.R. and S. Abbospour, Aging study and lifetime estimation of transformer mineral oil. American J. of Engineering and Applied sciences, 2008. 1(4): p. 384-388.
[3] Sun, P., et al., Effects of impulse waveform parameters on the breakdown characteristics of nano-TiO 2 modified transformer oil. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2018. 25(5): p. 1651-1659.
[4] Yang, Q., et al., Space charge inhibition effect of nano-Fe3O4 on improvement of impulse breakdown voltage of transformer oil based on improved Kerr optic measurements. AIP Advances, 2015. 5(9): p. 097207.
[5] Xiao, G., et al., Competitive adsorption of gases dissolved in transformer oil on Co-doped ZnO (0001) surface. Computational Materials Science, 2018. 142: p. 72-81.
[6] Du, Y., et al., Effect of water adsorption at nanoparticle–oil interface on charge transport in high humidity transformer oil-based nanofluid. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2012. 415: p. 153-158.
[7] Zhou, Q., et al. Nano-tin oxide gas sensor detection characteristic for hydrocarbon gases dissolved in transformer oil. in 2012 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application. 2012. IEEE.
[8] Cui, H., et al., Adsorption and sensing of CO and C2H2 by S-defected SnS2 monolayer for DGA in transformer oil: A DFT study. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2020: p. 123006.
[9] Nagendran, S. and S. Chandrasekar, Investigations on Partial Discharge, Dielectric and Thermal Characteristics of Nano SiO₂ Modified Sunflower Oil for Power Transformer Applications. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 2018. 13(3): p. 1337-1345.
[10] Selvaraj, D.E., Partial discharge characteristics of enamel filled with micro and nano composite of siO2 and TiO2. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 2012. 1(2): p. 95-101.
[11] Muangpratoom, P. and N. Pattanadech, Breakdown and partial discharge characteristics of mineral oil-based nanofluids. IET Science, Measurement & Technology, 2018. 12(5): p. 609-616.
[12] Aberoumand, S. and A. Jafarimoghaddam, Tungsten (III) oxide (WO3)–Silver/transformer oil hybrid nanofluid: Preparation, stability, thermal conductivity and dielectric strength. Alexandria engineering journal, 2018. 57(1): p. 169-174.
[13] Ghaffarkhah, A., et al., On evaluation of thermophysical properties of transformer oil-based nanofluids: a comprehensive modeling and experimental study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2020. 300: p. 112249.
[14] Wang, Z., et al., Thermal-conductivity and thermal-diffusivity measurements of nanofluids by 3ω method and mechanism analysis of heat transport. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2007. 28(4): p. 1255-1268.
[15] Tsuboi, T., et al., Aging effect on insulation reliability evaluation with weibull distribution for oil-immersed transformers. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2010. 17(6): p. 1869-1876.
[16] Segal, V., et al., Accelerated thermal aging of petroleum-based ferrofluids. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials, 1999. 201(1-3): p. 70-72.
[17] Liang, N., et al., Effect of nano Al2O3 doping on thermal aging properties of oil-paper insulation. Energies, 2018. 11(5): p. 1176.
[18] Rafiq, M., et al., Transformer oil-based nanofluid: The application of nanomaterials on thermal, electrical and physicochemical properties of liquid insulation-A review. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2020.
[19] Du, Y., et al., Effect of electron shallow trap on breakdown performance of transformer oil-based nanofluids. Journal of Applied Physics, 2011. 110(10): p. 104104.
