Variable band-gap Sr-hexagonal ferrites on carboxylated graphene oxide composite as an efficient photocatalytic semiconductor

محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Nanoanalysis

Masomeh Taghipour ¹ ( Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran )
Mohammad Yousefi ² ( Department of Chemistry, Yadegar-e Imam Khomeyni (RAH) Shar-e Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran )
Reza Fazaeli ³ ( Department of Chemistry, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran )
Masoud Darvish Ganji ⁴ ( Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran )

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/09/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/12/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/08

کلید واژه: Photodegradation, M-type hexagonalferrite, functionalized graphene oxide, Enrofeloxacin,

چکیده مقاله :

In this study, Sr Gdx Fe(12 –x) O19 nanostructures (x= 0, 0.2(3% Gd), 0.4 (6%Gd),0.6(9%Gd), 0.8 (12%Gd)) were synthesized by self-combustion sol-gel method and then calcined at the temperature of for 3 h. This compound was then composited with functionalized graphene oxide (GO) for the photocatalytic degradation of Enrofeloxacin. FESEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR analysis were employed to investigate the particle size, elemental composition, morphological structure, functional groups determination and structural composition of the samples. VSM, BET-BJH, TGA-DTA, DRS and zeta potential analysis were also used to assess the magnetic properties, surface area, thermal stability, band-gap determination and suspension stability of the specimens, respectively. For evaluation of performance, photocatalytic degradation of Enrofeloxacin (an antibiotic that is widely used for domestic animals) is performed. The results showed that the 3% and 6% Gd-doped composites had the highest efficiencies in the photocatalytic reaction.This research reports the successful synthesis of SrGdxFe12-xO19/GO-COOH composites and its characterization by various techniques. The results indicated that SrGdxFe12-xO19/GO-COOH composite can be employed as an applicable candidate for the photodegradation of ENR antibiotic drug from pharmaceutical industry effluent as well as the water resources. Analysis of the results by statistical software based on the response surface method showed that the prolongation of the radiation time and catalyst mass, as well as pH reduction, can enhance the efficiency of ENR photodegradation. By increasing the pollutant concentration, however, the degradation efficiency declined.

منابع و مأخذ:

[1]. Qiu W, Zheng M, Sun J, Tian Y, Fang M, Zheng Y, Zhang T,Zheng C, Photolysis of Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin and Sulfaquinoxaline in Aqueous Solution by UV/H2O 2, UV/Fe(II), and UV/H 2 O 2/Fe(II) and the Toxicity of the Final Reaction Solutions on Zebrafish Embryos, Science of The Total Environment, 651 (2019) 1457-1468.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.315

[2]. Homem V,Santos L, Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous matrices - A review, Journal of environmental management, 92 (2011). 2304-2347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.05.023

[3]. Liu JL, Wong MH. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs): a review on environmental contamination in China. Environ Int. 2013;59:208-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.012

[4]. Huang W, Liu N, Zhang X, Wu M,Tang L, Metal organic framework g-C3N4/MIL-53(Fe) heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction under visible light, Applied Surface Science. 425 (2017) 107-116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.050

[5]. Tang L, Wang J-j, Jia C-t, Lv G-x, Xu G, Li W-t, Wang L, Zhang J-y,Wu M-h, Simulated solar driven catalytic degradation of psychiatric drug carbamazepine with binary BiVO4 heterostructures sensitized by graphene quantum dots, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.205 (2017) 587-596.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.10.067

[6]. Lima, Veronica B., Lorena A. Goulart, Robson S. Rocha, Juliana R. Steter, and Marcos RV Lanza. “Degradation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin by different AOP systems using electrochemically generated hydrogenperoxide.”Chemosphere (2020): 125807.
 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125807

[7]. Kamranifar M, Allahresani A,Naghizadeh A. Synthesis and characterizations of a novel CoFe2O4@CuS magnetic nanocomposite and investigation of its efficiency for photocatalytic degradation of penicillin G antibiotic in simulated wastewater, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 366 (2019) 545-555
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.046

[8]. Sayadi M H, Sobhani S,Shekari H, hotocatalytic degradation of azithromycin using GO@Fe3O4/ ZnO/ SnO2 nanocomposites. Journal of Cleaner Production. Journal of Cleaner Production.232 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.338

[9]. Wang Y, Tian D, Chu W, Li M,Lu X, Nanoscaled magnetic CuFe2O4 as an activator of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of antibiotics enorfloxacin, Separation and Purification Technology, 212 (2019) 536-544.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.051

[10]. Dhiman P, Dhiman N, Kumar A, Sharma G, Naushad M,Ghfar A A, Solar active nano-Zn1−xMgxFe2O4 as a magnetically separable sustainable photocatalyst for degradation of sulfadiazine antibiotic, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 294 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111574

[11]. Palomares-Sánchez S, Castro M G,Castañeda S P, Engineering Magnetic, Lead Hexaferrite - A Brief Review, Materials Research Foundations, Dielectric and Microwave Properties of Ceramics and Alloys, 57 (2019) 23-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900390-2

[12]. Pullar R C, Hexagonal ferrites: A review of the synthesis, properties and applications of hexaferrite ceramics, Progress in Materials Science, 57 (2012) 1191-https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.04.001

[13]. Sahoo J K, Konar M, Rath J, Kumar D,Sahoo H, Synthesis, Characterization and Dye Adsorption Performance of Strontium Ferrite decorated Bentonite-CoNiAl Magnetic Composite. 0Separation Science and Technology.55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04544.

[14]. Yousefi M, Afghahi S, Amini M,Torbati M B, An investigation of structural and magnetic properties of Ce-Nd doped strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles as a microwave absorbent “,Materials Chemistry and Physics 235 (2019) 121722-121738.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.121722

[15]. Veisi S S, Yousefi M, Amini M, Shakeri A,Bagherzadeh M, Magnetic and microwave absorption properties of Cu/Zr doped M-type Ba/Sr hexaferrites prepared via sol-gel auto-combustion method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds.773 (2019) 1187-1194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.189

[16]. Bañuelos-Frías A, Martínez-Guajardo G, Alvarado-Perea L, Canizalez-Dávalos L, Ruiz F,Valero-Luna C, Light absorption properties of mesoporous barium hexaferrite, BaFe12O19, Materials Letters, 252 (2019) 239-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.05.137

[17]. Xu, Yuanguo, Feiyue Ge, Meng Xie, Shuquan Huang, Junchao Qian, Hefei Wang, Minqiang He, Hui Xu, and Huaming Li. “Fabrication of magnetic BaFe 12 O 19/Ag 3 PO 4 composites with an in situ photo-Fenton-like reaction for enhancing reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation.” Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 10 (2019): 2563-2570
https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CY02449A

[18]. Mahdiani M, Sobhani A,Salavati-Niasari M The first synthesis of CdFe12O19 nanostructures and nanocomposites and considering of magnetic, optical, electrochemical and photocatalytic properties, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 367 (2019) 607-619
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.007

[19]. Mahdiani M, Soofivand F, Ansari F,Salavati-Niasari M Maryam Mahdiani, Faezeh Soofivand, Fatemeh Ansari, Masoud Salavati-Niasari, Grafting of CuFe12O19 nanoparticles on CNT and graphene: Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity, Journal of Cleaner Production, 176 (2018) 1185-1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.177

[20]. Mohanta O, Singhbabu Y, Giri S, Dadhich D, Das N,Sahu R K Degradation of Congo red pollutants using microwave derived SrFe12O19: An efficient magnetic photocatalyst under visible light, Journal of Alloys and Compounds,564 (2013) 78 - 83.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.02.074

[21]. Kar M K A, Fazaeli R, Manteghi F,Ghahari M , Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, Structural, Optical, and Isothermic Studies of CuFe2O4 and Zn-Doped CuFe2O4 Nanoferrite as a Magnetic Catalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Direct Red 264 Under Visible Light Irradiation 38 (2019) 13109.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13109

[22]. Kaur P, Kaushik A,Singhal S Paramdeep Kaur, Anupama Kaushik, Sonal Singhal, Comparative evaluation of photocatalytic performance of hexagonal ferrites procured via sol-gel route, Materials Today: Proceedings, 14 (2019) 426-434.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.165

[23]. Al-Garalleh G A, Mahmood S H, Bsoul I,Loloee R, Structural and magnetic properties of RE-Al substituted nanocrystalline hexaferrites (Sr1−x RE x Al2Fe10O19), Materials Research Express, 7 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5ddd

[24]. Almessiere M, Slimani Y,Baykal A Magneto-optical properties of rare earth metals substituted Co-Zn spinel nanoferrites, Ceramics International, 45 (3)(2019) 3449-3458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.10.260

[25].Ahmadi M, Kazeminejad I, Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 27 (2019)245-254,
https://doi.org/10.29252/ijcm.27.1.245

[26]. Ali I, Islam M, Awan M,Ahmad M Effects of Ga-Cr substitution on structural and magnetic properties of hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 547 (2013) 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.08.122

[27]. Vinnik D, Klygach D, Zhivulin V, Malkin A, Vakhitov M, Gudkova S, Galimov D, Zherebtsov D, Trofimov E,Knyazev N, Electromagnetic properties of BaFe12O19:Ti at centimeter wavelengths, Journal of Alloys and Compounds.755 (2018) 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.315

[28]. Trukhanov A, Kostishyn V, Panina L, Korovushkin V, Turchenko V, Thakur P, Thakur A, Yang Y, Vinnik D,Yakovenko Em 754 Control of electromagnetic properties in substituted M-type hexagonal ferrites, 2018 Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 754 (2018) 247-256.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.150

[29]. Yang Y, Wang F, Shao J, Huang D, He H, Trukhanov A,Trukhanov S Influence of Nd-NbZn co-substitution on structural, spectral and magnetic properties of M-type calcium-strontium hexaferrites Ca0.4Sr0.6-xNdxFe12.0-x(Nb0.5Zn0.5)xO19, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 765 (2018) 616-623.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.06.255

[30]. Hessien M, El-Bagoury N, Mahmoud M, Alsawat M, Alanazi A K,Rashad M, Implementation of La3+ ion substituted M-type strontium hexaferrite powders for enhancement of magnetic properties, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 498 (2020) 0304-8853.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.166187

[31]. Cernea M, Greculeasa S G, Radu R, Aldica G, Ganea P, Surdu V A, Tanasa E, Cioangher M, Iacob N,Costescu R M, Magnetic properties of BaNixFe12-xO19 (x=0.0-1.0) hexaferrites, synthesized by citrate-gel auto-combustion and sintered by conventional and spark plasma methods Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2020) Journal pre-Proof,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154850

[32]. Kar M K A, Fazaeli R, Manteghi F,Ghahari M, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy.38 (2019) Elimination of direct red 264 using magnetic pure and Zn-doped NiFe2O4 nanophotocatalysts under visible light irradiation: Isothermic and kinetic studies 38(2019)13097.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13097

[33]. Liaquat A, Anis-ur-Rehman M,ul Haq A Impact of Gd doping on the dielectric and magnetic properties of (Sr-Ba) Fe12O19 nanoparticles, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 822 (2020) 153561.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153561

[34]. Abdollahi F, Yousefi M, Hekmati M, Khajehnezhad A, Afghahi S,Salman S , Magnetic and microwave absorption properties of barium hexaferrite doped with La3+ and Gd3+, Journal of Nanostructures, 9 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.22052/JNS.2019.03.019

[35]. Wu Z, Zhang R, Yu Z, Shan L, Dong L,Zhang X, Study on preparation and magnetic properties of Sr1−xGdxFe12−xCuxO19 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) strontium ferrite prepared by solid phase method. Ferroelectrics 523(2018) 82-88.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2018.1391569

[36]. Luo J, Yue L, Ji H, Zhang K,Yu N Investigation on the optimization, design and microwave absorption properties of BaTb0.2Eu0.2F.e11.6O19/PANI decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites, Journal of materials science, 54 (2019) 6332-6346.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-03305-7

[37]. Zhang K, Luo J, Yu N, Gu M,Sun X, Synthesis and excellent electromagnetic absorption properties of reduced graphene oxide/PANI/BaNd0.2Sm0.2Fe11.6O19 nanocomposites, , Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 779 (2019) 270-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.284

[38]. Afghahi S S S, Jafarian M,Atassi Y, Microstructural and magnetic studies on BaMgxZnxX2xFe 12−4x O19 (X=Zr,Ce,Sn) prepared via mechanical activation method to act as a microwave absorber in X-band, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 406 (2016) 184-191.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.01.020

[39]. Davoodi A,Hashemi B, Magnetic properties of Sn-Mg substituted strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles synthesized via coprecipitation method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509 (2011) 5893-5896.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.03.002

[40]. Huang, Jiaxing, Daguang Li, Ruobai Li, Ping Chen, Qianxin Zhang, Haijin Liu, Wenying Lv, Guoguang Liu, and Yiping Feng. “One-step synthesis of phosphorus/oxygen co-doped g-C3N4/anatase TiO2 Z-scheme photocatalyst for significantly enhanced visible-light photocatalysis degradation of enrofloxacin.” Journal of hazardous materials 386 (2020): 121634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121634