بررسی اثر متیل جاسمونات و نانوذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Rosa damascena Mill.
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
زهرا الله وردی
1
,
مهراب یادگاری
2
,
محمد مقدم
3
1 - گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
کلید واژه: عناصر غذایی, اسانس, ترکیبات فنلی, نانوذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم, گل‌محمدی, تیل جاسمونات,
چکیده مقاله :
گل محمدی (Rosa damascena Mill.) گیاهی درختچه‌ای، متعلق به تیره گل سرخیان است که مصارف متعددی در صنایع غذایی و دارویی دارد. پژوهش حاضر جهت بررسی اثر محلول پاشی محرک‌های متیل جاسمونات و نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی گل محمدی در دو سال زراعی 1399-1398 و 1400-1399 در قالب دو آزمایش مستقل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان فارسان انجام شد. محلول‌پاشی با سطوح متیل جاسمونات (0، 5/0، 1 و 2 میلی مولار) و نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم (0، 100، 200 و 300 میلی گرم در لیتر) هر چهار روز یک بار قبل از باز شدن غنچه‌ها در سه نوبت صورت گرفت. اسانس گیری به روش تقطیر با بخار آب (طرح کلونجر) و ارزیابی فیتوشیمیایی گیاه با استفاده از روشهای اسپکتروفوتومتری و عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی از طریق آزمون DPPH ارزیابی گردید. براساس نتایج حاصل محلول پاشی با محرک های رشد، موجب افزایش معنی دار عملکرد گلبرگ خشک در واحد سطح و رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی گردید. مقادیر ترکیبات فنلی در برگ و گلبرگ‌های گیاه گل محمدی در واکنش به تیمار محرک های رشد، افزایش معنی داری داشتند و بیشترین افزایش این ترکیبات در گیاهان محلول پاشی شده با متیل جاسمونات (1 میلی مولار) و نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم (100 میلی گرم در لیتر) بوجود آمد. بررسی غلظت عناصر پرمصرف (نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر، منیزیم) و کم مصرف (آهن، منگنز، روی) در برگ گیاه گل محمدی اثر معنی دار محرک‌ها بر بهبود مقدار عناصر غذایی را نشان داد. متیل جاسمونات (1 میلی مولار) با افزایش 34/32 درصدی، مقدار اسانس را از 0/037 به 0/05 درصد افزایش داد. با توجه به نتایج دو ساله تحقیق حاضر، محلول‌پاشی متیل جاسمونات با غلظت 1 میلی مولار جهت بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه گل محمدی در مناطق مشابه پیشنهاد می‌گردد.
Rosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiological and phytochemical traits of Rosa damascena Mill. in two separate experiments based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Farsan during two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) was performed three times with 4-day intervals before the flowering stage. Essential oil extraction was done by steam distillation (a clevenger apparatus), phytochemical evaluation was performed using spectrophotometric method, and antioxidant performance was evaluated through DPPH test. Results showed that foliar application of elicitors increased dry weight of leaves and photosynthetic pigments. The phenolic compounds of leaves and petals of R. damascena Mill. also increased in response to applied elicitors and the highest increment was observed in plants treated with 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 100 mg L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also the results showed the positive effect of applied treatments on increasing macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves of damask rose. Methyl jasmonate (0.5-1 mM) increased the essential oil content of the treated plants by 34.32%. According to the obtained results, methyl jasmonate applied at concentration of 1 mM is suggested to improve the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of the R. damascena plants.
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