بررسی اثر محلولپاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی اسانس گیاه دارویی (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.) تحت شرایط کمآبیاری
محورهای موضوعی :
فیتوشیمی
اعظم شیخ سامانی
1
,
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی
2
,
مهراب یادگاری
3
,
فائزه رجب زاده
4
1 - گروه گیاهان دارویی و زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
2 - مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرقدس، تهران
3 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرقدس، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/10/19
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/18
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01
کلید واژه:
تنش کمآبی,
ماده موثره,
کارواکرول,
پارا-سیمن,
مرزه بختیاری Satureja bachtiarica Bunge,
چکیده مقاله :
کشت گیاه دارویی و معطر مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.) در شرایط خشک سالی نیازمند بهره گیری از روش های نوین برای دستیابی به ماده موثره دارویی بالاست. این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی اثرات محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک با غلظت 1 میلی مولار بر صفات مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی اسانس مرزه بختیاری تحت شرایط آبیاری مختلف طی دو سال (98-99 و 98-97) در شهرکرد اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری در دو سطح مطلوب یا شاهد (بدون تنش - آبیاری در 30 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی از ظرفیت زراعی یا F.C.) و کم آبیاری (آبیاری پس از 50 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی از F.C.) و عامل محلولپاشی برگی شامل شاهد (محلول پاشی حلال) و محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک (1 میلی مولار) در نظر گرفته شد. نمونه های اسانس از اندام هوایی قبل از گلدهی به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج و با استفاده از گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) تجزیه شدند. میزان کلروفیلa ،b و کل در طول موج 663 و 645 نانومتر، کارتنوئیدها در 470 نانومتر و مقدار پرولین نیز در طول موج 520 نانومتر با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت های پرولین (139 درصد)، کلروفیلa (57 درصد)،b (46 درصد) و کل (55 درصد)، میزان اسانس (7 درصد) و مهم ترین ترکیب اسانس یعنی کارواکرول (7 درصد) با تنش کم آبی افزایش یافتند. اسید سالیسیلیک به عنوان یک عامل دفاعی، سبب کاهش اثرات منفی تنش کم آبی بر اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی شد. بیشترین بازده اسانس (1/67 میلی لیتر بر 100 گرم وزن خشک)، بالاترین غلظت های کارواکرول (45 درصد)، پارا-سیمن (19 درصد) و تیمول (11 درصد) در شرایط کم آبیاری و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در هر دو سال آزمایش به دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، استفاده از اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط تنش کم آبی برای ثبات کمیت و کیفیت عملکرد ماده موثره مرزه بختیاری پیشنهاد می شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Cultivation of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. in dry conditions requires the use of novel methods to obtain the highest yield of the effective medicinal substances. This investigation was done to investigate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) at 1 mM on the morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of S. bachtiarica under water deficit conditions during two experimental years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) in Shahrekord, Iran. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a CRBD with three replications, which irrigation treatment in two levels [normal irrigation (irrigation after draining 30% F.C.) and deficit irrigation (irrigation after draining 50% F.C.)], and the foliar application at two levels (control and SA) were considered. The essential oil from the aerial parts of the herb was extracted by water distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The content of chlorophyll a, b and total at 663 and 645 nm, carotenoids at 470 nm and the content of proline at 520 nm were determined using a spectrophotometer. According to the results, water deficit stress caused the physiological and phytochemical changes in S. bachtiarica. As the amount of proline (139%), chlorophyll a (57%), b (46%) and total (55%), the essential oil content (7%) and carvacrol as the major compound (7%) increased under water deficit stress. The highest values of the essential oil content (1.67% v/w), the concentrations of carvacrol (45.7%) and p-cymene (18.6%) were obtained under deficit irrigation under SA. The maximum levels of thymol and β-caryophyllene were achieved from the herbs under deficit irrigation as well as SA foliar application. Totally, SA as a defense factor reduced the negative effects of deficit irrigation conditions on most of the evaluated traits. In conclusion, the foliar-spraying of salicylic acid is recommended for stabilize of the quantity and quality of the active substance yield of S. bachtiarica under water deficit stress.
منابع و مأخذ:
References
Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.
Aghaei, K., Pirbalouti, A.G., Mousavi, A., Badi, H.N. and Mehnatkesh, A. 2019. Effects of foliar spraying of phenylalanine and application of bio-fertilizers on growth, yield, and essential oil of hyssop [Hyssopus officinalis subsp. angustifolius (Bieb.)]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 21: 101318.
Akbari, J. and Maleki A. 2018. The effect of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid foliar on vegetative properties and yield and yield components of Vigna unguiculata under drought stress. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 4(2): 159-180.
Alavi-Samany, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Malekpoor, F. 2022. Phytochemical and morpho-physiological changes of hyssop in response to chitosan-spraying under different levels of irrigation. Industrial Crops and Products, 114330. Accepted.
Arnon, A.N. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23: 112-121.
Babaei, K., Moghaddam, M., Farhadi, N. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. Morphological, physiological and phytochemical responses of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 284: 110116.
Bakhtiar, A., Khaghani, S., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Gomarian, M. and Chavoshi, S. 2021. Essential oil variation among different populations of Ziziphora tenuior cultivated at semiarid climate, Essential Oil Research: 1-9.
Bates, L.S. and Waldern, R.P. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil, 39: 205-207.
Carvalho, M.E.A., Castro, P.R.C., Gaziola, S.A. and Azevedo, R.A. 2018. Is seaweed extract an elicitor compound Changing proline content in drought-stressed bean plants. Comunicata Scientiae, 9(2): 292-297.
Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Hashemi, M. 2017. Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis The crop journal, 5: 407-415.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Samani, M.R., Hashemi, M. and Zeinali, H. 2014a. Salicylic acid affects growth, essential oil and chemical compositions of thyme (Thymus daenensis) under reduced irrigation. Plant Growth Regulation, 72(3): 289-301.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Rahimmalek, M., Elikaei-Nejhad, L. and Hamedi, B. 2014b. Essential oil compositions of summer savory under foliar application of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Essential Oil Research, 26(5): 342-347.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Malekpoor, F., Salimi, A., Golparvar, A. and Hamedi, B. 2017. Effects of foliar of the application chitosan and reduced irrigation on essential oil yield, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of extracts from green and purple basil. Acta Scientlarum. Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 16(6): 177–186.
Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M.H., Kanani, M.R., Salehnia, A. and Ganjipoor, P. 2011. Phytochemical and morphological characterization of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. populations from Iran. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 8: 902-915.
Hashemi, S.M.B. and Khodaei, D. 2020. Antimicrobial activity of Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad and Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oils against Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli in table cream containing Lactobacillus plantarum Food Science & Nutrition, 8: 5907–5915.
Janda, M. and Ruelland, E. 2015. Magical mystery tour: salicylic acid signalling. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 114: 117-128.
Khademian, R., Karimzadeh, F., Moradi, P. and Asghari, B. 2019. Anti-microbial properties of Valeriana officinalis, Satureja bachtiarica and Thymus daenensis methanolic extracts against helicobacter pylori Pharmaceutical Research International, 26(6): 1-7.
Koocheki, A., Nassiri-Mahallati, M. and Azizi G. 2008. Effect of drought, salinity, and defoliation on growth characteristics of some medicinal plants of Iran. Herbs Spices Med. Plants, 14: 37–53.
Mehravaran, L., Omidi, M., Naghavi, M.R. and Fakheri, B.A. 2021. Effect of salicylic acid and yeast extract on biochemical change and expression of two important genes in Stevia. Modern Genetics Journal, 16(2): 91-102. (In Farsi)
Memarzadeh, S.M., Gholami, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., and Masoum, S. 2020. Bakhtiari savory (Satureja bachtiarica) essential oil and its chemical profile, antioxidant activities, and leaf micromorphology under green and conventional extraction techniques. Industrial Crops and Products, 154: 112719.
Mirjalili, A., Lebaschi, M.H., Ardakani, M.R., Heidari Sharifabad, H. and Mirza, M. 2021. Physiological, biochemical and antioxidant responses of Bakhtiari savory (Satureja bachtiarica) to manure application and plant density under dry land farming condition. Medicinal Plants and By-products, 1: 93-101.
Mohammadi, H., Pourmohammad, P. and Hazrati, S. 2021. Phytochemical and physiological study of Satureja sahendica essential oil and extract to water-deficit stress. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 1: 1-19. (In Farsi)
Momeni, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mousavi, A. and Badi, H.N. 2020. Effect of foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on the essential oil of Thymbra spicata under different soil moisture conditions. Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(5): 1142-1153.
Mousavi, A.S., Naeemi, M., Ghilizadeh, A. and Rahemi Karizaki, A. 2021. The Effect of elicitors on some physiological characteristics, essential oil percentage and yield in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) under different irrigation regimes. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 14(2): 415-424.
Nooshkam, A., Mumivand, H., Hadian, J., Alemardan, A. and Morshedloo, M.R. 2017. Drug yield and essential oil and carvacrol contents of two species of Satureja ( kuzistanica Jamzad and S. rechingeri Jamzad) cultivated in two different locations. Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 6: 126-130.
Pradhan, J., Sahoo, S.K, Lalotra, S. and Sarma, R.S. 2017. Positive impact of abiotic stress on medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant Sciences, 12(2): 309-313.
Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, G., Assareh, M.H. and Hadian, J. 2018. A promising application of drought stress for increasing product quality of Iranian endemic Satureja sahendica Field Crop Sciences, 49(1): 167-177.
Shariat, A. and Sefidkon, F. 2020. Investigation of pollination system and self-incompatibility in two species of Satureja sahendica and S. bachtiarica. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 27(2): 204-215. (In Farsi).
_||_References
Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.
Aghaei, K., Pirbalouti, A.G., Mousavi, A., Badi, H.N. and Mehnatkesh, A. 2019. Effects of foliar spraying of phenylalanine and application of bio-fertilizers on growth, yield, and essential oil of hyssop [Hyssopus officinalis subsp. angustifolius (Bieb.)]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 21: 101318.
Akbari, J. and Maleki A. 2018. The effect of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid foliar on vegetative properties and yield and yield components of Vigna unguiculata under drought stress. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 4(2): 159-180.
Alavi-Samany, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Malekpoor, F. 2022. Phytochemical and morpho-physiological changes of hyssop in response to chitosan-spraying under different levels of irrigation. Industrial Crops and Products, 114330. Accepted.
Arnon, A.N. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23: 112-121.
Babaei, K., Moghaddam, M., Farhadi, N. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. Morphological, physiological and phytochemical responses of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 284: 110116.
Bakhtiar, A., Khaghani, S., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Gomarian, M. and Chavoshi, S. 2021. Essential oil variation among different populations of Ziziphora tenuior cultivated at semiarid climate, Essential Oil Research: 1-9.
Bates, L.S. and Waldern, R.P. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil, 39: 205-207.
Carvalho, M.E.A., Castro, P.R.C., Gaziola, S.A. and Azevedo, R.A. 2018. Is seaweed extract an elicitor compound Changing proline content in drought-stressed bean plants. Comunicata Scientiae, 9(2): 292-297.
Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Hashemi, M. 2017. Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis The crop journal, 5: 407-415.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Samani, M.R., Hashemi, M. and Zeinali, H. 2014a. Salicylic acid affects growth, essential oil and chemical compositions of thyme (Thymus daenensis) under reduced irrigation. Plant Growth Regulation, 72(3): 289-301.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Rahimmalek, M., Elikaei-Nejhad, L. and Hamedi, B. 2014b. Essential oil compositions of summer savory under foliar application of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Essential Oil Research, 26(5): 342-347.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Malekpoor, F., Salimi, A., Golparvar, A. and Hamedi, B. 2017. Effects of foliar of the application chitosan and reduced irrigation on essential oil yield, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of extracts from green and purple basil. Acta Scientlarum. Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 16(6): 177–186.
Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M.H., Kanani, M.R., Salehnia, A. and Ganjipoor, P. 2011. Phytochemical and morphological characterization of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. populations from Iran. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 8: 902-915.
Hashemi, S.M.B. and Khodaei, D. 2020. Antimicrobial activity of Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad and Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oils against Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli in table cream containing Lactobacillus plantarum Food Science & Nutrition, 8: 5907–5915.
Janda, M. and Ruelland, E. 2015. Magical mystery tour: salicylic acid signalling. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 114: 117-128.
Khademian, R., Karimzadeh, F., Moradi, P. and Asghari, B. 2019. Anti-microbial properties of Valeriana officinalis, Satureja bachtiarica and Thymus daenensis methanolic extracts against helicobacter pylori Pharmaceutical Research International, 26(6): 1-7.
Koocheki, A., Nassiri-Mahallati, M. and Azizi G. 2008. Effect of drought, salinity, and defoliation on growth characteristics of some medicinal plants of Iran. Herbs Spices Med. Plants, 14: 37–53.
Mehravaran, L., Omidi, M., Naghavi, M.R. and Fakheri, B.A. 2021. Effect of salicylic acid and yeast extract on biochemical change and expression of two important genes in Stevia. Modern Genetics Journal, 16(2): 91-102. (In Farsi)
Memarzadeh, S.M., Gholami, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., and Masoum, S. 2020. Bakhtiari savory (Satureja bachtiarica) essential oil and its chemical profile, antioxidant activities, and leaf micromorphology under green and conventional extraction techniques. Industrial Crops and Products, 154: 112719.
Mirjalili, A., Lebaschi, M.H., Ardakani, M.R., Heidari Sharifabad, H. and Mirza, M. 2021. Physiological, biochemical and antioxidant responses of Bakhtiari savory (Satureja bachtiarica) to manure application and plant density under dry land farming condition. Medicinal Plants and By-products, 1: 93-101.
Mohammadi, H., Pourmohammad, P. and Hazrati, S. 2021. Phytochemical and physiological study of Satureja sahendica essential oil and extract to water-deficit stress. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 1: 1-19. (In Farsi)
Momeni, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mousavi, A. and Badi, H.N. 2020. Effect of foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on the essential oil of Thymbra spicata under different soil moisture conditions. Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(5): 1142-1153.
Mousavi, A.S., Naeemi, M., Ghilizadeh, A. and Rahemi Karizaki, A. 2021. The Effect of elicitors on some physiological characteristics, essential oil percentage and yield in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) under different irrigation regimes. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 14(2): 415-424.
Nooshkam, A., Mumivand, H., Hadian, J., Alemardan, A. and Morshedloo, M.R. 2017. Drug yield and essential oil and carvacrol contents of two species of Satureja ( kuzistanica Jamzad and S. rechingeri Jamzad) cultivated in two different locations. Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 6: 126-130.
Pradhan, J., Sahoo, S.K, Lalotra, S. and Sarma, R.S. 2017. Positive impact of abiotic stress on medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant Sciences, 12(2): 309-313.
Shariat, A., Karimzadeh, G., Assareh, M.H. and Hadian, J. 2018. A promising application of drought stress for increasing product quality of Iranian endemic Satureja sahendica Field Crop Sciences, 49(1): 167-177.
Shariat, A. and Sefidkon, F. 2020. Investigation of pollination system and self-incompatibility in two species of Satureja sahendica and S. bachtiarica. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 27(2): 204-215. (In Farsi).