بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس دراکوتیپ‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی .Teucrium persicum Boiss در استان فارس
محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمیلیلا باقرپور 1 , وحید روشن 2 , اعظم منفرد 3
1 - کارشناسی‌ارشد فیتوشیمی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیارمرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی ،شیراز، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه شیمی ،دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران ،ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, ارتفاع, آلفا- پینن, بتا- پینن, مریم نخودی شیرازی, والریانول,
چکیده مقاله :
مریم نخودی (Teucrium persicum Boiss.) یک گیاه بومی ایرانی متعلق به تیره نعناعیان می‌باشد که در درمان بیماری های گوارشی استفاده می‌شود و 12 گونه آن در ایران وجود دارد. به این منظور، پژوهشی جهت بررسی و مقایسه ترکیبات اسانس گیاه Teucrium persicum در چهار منطقه جغرافیایی استان فارس در سال 1393 صورت گرفت. این مناطق شامل داراب- گردنه بزن، منطقه کوه زیره داراب، قیرکارزین و زاخارویه به‌ترتیب با 1500، 1400، 950 و 800 ارتفاع از سطح دریا بودند. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری از اﻧﺪامﻫﺎی ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ (ﮔﻞ و ﺑـﺮگ) ﮔﯿـﺎه در مرحله گلدهی اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ و در دمای اتاق ﺧﺸﮏ و اﺳﺎﻧﺲ آن ﺑﻪروش ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ آب ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﻮﻧﺠﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ. ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت اﺳﺎﻧﺲ از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه GC/MS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در مجموع 93 ترکیب در اسانس جمعیت‌های T. percicumشناسایی شد که تعداد و نوع ترکیب‌ها در اسانس این جمعیت‌ها، تفاوت زیادی دارد. بیشترین ترکیب اسانس متعلق به رویشگاه کوه زیره داراب (68 ترکیب) شناسایی شد، در حالی که بیشترین بازده اسانس در رویشگاه زاخارویه (3/0 درصد) مشاهده شد. رویشگاه کوه زیره داراب بالاترین درصد از آلفا پینن، بتا- پینن، لیمونن و والریانول دارای کیفیت بالایی از اسانس بوده و بهترین محل رویش برای گیاه T. percicum در این پژوهش می باشد. ترکیب های آلفا-پینن، بتا-پینن، ای کاریوفیلن و کاریو فیلن اکسید به‌عنوان ترکیبات مهم اسانس در هر چهار منطقه بودند.
Teucriumpersicum Boiss.is an Iranian endemic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family which has traditionally been used to relieve abdominal pains, there are 12 species in Iran. The bulks aromatic plants come from wild populations whose essential oils compositions as well as their biological properties are severely affected by the geographical location Therefore, the aim of the present work is to provide more information on the variation of essential oil composition of T. persicum collected from four different geographical regions in Fars province in 2014. These areas were darab-gardanebezan, Zireh-darab, Ghir-karizin, and Zakharoyeh with, 1500, 1400, 950 and 800 meters altitudes respectively. Sampling of aerial parts (flowers and leaves) of the plant was carried out at flowering stage and dried in room temperature and the essential oil was obtained by hydro distillation using Clevenger machine.The GC / MS device was used to identify essential oils. A total of 93 combinations were identified in the essential oil of T. percicum populations, in which the number and type of compounds in the essential oils of these populations is very different. The most essential oil composition of this plant was identified in the darab-gardanebezan (68 combinations) mountain range, while the highest Essential oil yield was observed in, Zakharoyeh (0.3%). The habitat of Zireh-darab with the highest percentage of alpha pinene, beta-pinene, limonene and valerianol has high quality essential oil and is the best site for T. percicum plant in this study. Alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, E caryophylline and caryophylloin oxide were important components of essential oil in all four regions.
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