بررسی تغییرات صفات رشدی و متابولیتهای ثانویه در گیاه دارویی Thymus vulgaris تحت استرسهای ملایم شوری و خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییصدیقه فابریکی اورنگ 1 , بهنام داودنیا 2
1 - استادیار، عضو هیاتعلمی گروه ژنتیک و بهنژادی گیاهی، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسیارشد اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران
کلید واژه: شوری, خشکی, آویشن باغی, صفات رشدی, متابولیتهای ثانویه,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق آزمایشی گلخانه ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار بهمنظور مطالعه روند تغییرات صفات رشدی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) تحت شرایط ملایم شوری وخشکی در دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) در سال 1395 انجام پذیرفت. تیمارهای مورد استفاده شامل تنش خشکی (50% F.C)، تنش شوری (100 mM NaCl) و تیمار شاهد (100% F.C) بودند. صفات وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، تعداد شاخه فرعی، قطر شاخه اصلی، قطر شاخه فرعی، ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، طول ریشه، میزان کلروفیل و محتوی نسبی آب برگ (RWC) بعد از اتمام دوره تنش در گیاهان هر سه تیمار اندازهگیری شدند. همچنین میزان فنل ، فلاونوئید کل و آنتوسیانین در سه اندام برگ، ساقه و ریشه به روش اسپکتروفتومتری تعیین گردید. نتایج آماری نشان داد که تنشهای خشکی و شوری اثر معنیداری بر تمام صفات مورفولوژیک، به جز وزن خشک اندام هوایی و تعداد شاخه فرعی داشتند؛ به طوری که تحت تنش خشکی ارتفاع گیاه، قطر شاخه اصلی، قطر شاخه فرعی، وزن خشک ریشه، وزن تر ریشه و وزن تر اندام هوایی در مقایسه با شرایط عدم تنش کاهش یافتند. نتایج نشان داد که نوع تنش اثر معنیداری بر میزان فلاونوئید و فنل کل در برگ و ساقه داشته است. در مقابل، اختلاف معنیداری بین تنشهای مختلف از نظر فلاونوئید و فنل کل ریشه وجود نداشت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که تحت تنش خشکی میزان فنل و فلاونوئید کل برگ ،در مقایسه با شرایط عدم تنش افزایش پیدا کرد. در جمعبندی این تحقیق مشخص شد که شوکهای ملایم خشکی و شوری سبب افزایش متابولیتهای ثانویه در آویشن باغی شدند ولیکن تأثیر تنش شوری در افزایش میزان متابولیتهای ثانویه در مقایسه با تنش خشکی کمتر بود.
In order to evaluation of phytochemical and growth changes from Thymus vulgaris L. under moderate abiotic stresses, an experiment was carried out at Imam Khomeini International University in a completely randomized design with three replications during 2016. The treatments consisted of drought (50% FC), salinity (100 mM NaCl) and non-stress control (100% FC). Root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length, main branch diameter, sub-branch diameter, sub-branch number, shoot dry weight, shoot fresh weight, plant height, relative water content and chlorophyll content were measured. Also, total phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins were assayed in leaves, roots and stems by using spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis showed that drought and salinity had significant effects on morphological traits, except for shoot dry weight and number of lateral branches. Generally, morphological traits affected by drought stress in compared with non-stress condition; so that, plant height, main branch diameter, lateral branch diameter, root dry weight, root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight decreased under drought stress compared to non-stressed plants. Analysis of variance showed that stresses had significant effects on leaf and stem flavonoids and phenol contents. By contrast, there was no significantly difference between drought and saline stresses in terms of total flavonoids and phenol of roots. Mean comparisons showed that the amount of leaf phenols and flavonoids increased under drought stress in compared with non-stress condition. In conclusion, this study showed that drought and salinity were increased secondary metabolites in thyme, but the effect of salinity in increasing of secondary metabolites was lower than drought stress.
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