بررسی ترکیب‌های شیمیائی اسانس و فعالیت ضدمیکروبی عصاره گیاه دارویی Acinos graveolense (M. B.) Link در منطقه قمصر کاشان

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

حسین بتولی ¹ , عبدالرسول حقیر ابراهیم آبادی ² , ناهیده سادات حقیقی ³

1 - استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان (باغ گیاه‌شناسی کاشان)
2 - دانشیار، پژوهشکده اسانس‌های طبیعی، دانشگاه کاشان
3 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد شیمی و فن‌آوری اسانس، پژوهشکده اسانس‌های طبیعی دانشگاه کاشان

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/03/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, آنتی باکتریال, آویشنک, ژرماکرن- دی, قمصر کاشان,

چکیده مقاله :

جنس "آویشنک" (Acinos Miller.) متعلق به خانواده نعنا (Lamiaceae)، دارای گونه‌های بوته ای-علفی متعددی است که تاکنون بالغ بر 10 گونه از این جنس در جهان و تنها دو گونه از ایران گزارش شده ‌است. در این تحقیق ترکیب‌های شیمیائی اسانس و فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره گیاه "آویشنک" Acinos graveolense (M. B.) Link مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌ است. سرشاخه های گل دار گیاه در بهار 1393 از گُستره رویشگاه های طبیعی واقع در منطقه قمصر کاشان، جمع‌آوری و در شرایط آزمایشگاه خشک و به روش تقطیر و استخراج با بخار همزمان با حلال آلی (SDE) اسانس‌گیری شدند. برای شناسائی ترکیب‌های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس، از دستگاه‌های گاز کروماتوگرافی (GC) و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل‌ شده به طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC/MS) استفاده شد. عصاره گیری به روش حرارت و با استفاده از حلال متانول انجام گرفت. اثر ضدمیکروبی عصاره متانولی گیاه به دو روش دیسک دیفیوژن و روش حداقل غلظت مهارکننده رشد علیه یازده میکروارگانیسم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. راندمان اسانس 1/0 درصد وزنی/وزنی بدست آمد. 27 ترکیب شیمیائی در اسانس گیاه آویشنک شناسائی شدند. اجزای اصلی اسانس به‌ترتیب شامل: ژرماکرن-دی (6/56 درصد)، بی سیکلوژرماکرن (7/8 درصد)، کاریوفیلن اکساید (5/7 درصد)، ترانس کاریوفیلن (5/4 درصد) و لیمونن (4/3 درصد) بودند. بخش عمده ای از ترکیب های تشکیل دهنده اسانس سرشاخه های گل دار گیاه، سسکوئی ترپن های هیدروکربنی بودند. عصاره گیاه آویشنک در سه مورد از میکرو ارگانیسم ها (Klebsiella pneumounia، Staphylococcus epidermidis و Salmonella paratyphi- Aserotype) فعالیت ضدمیکروبی مختصری نشان دادند. به‌دلیل بالا بودن مقادیر سسکوئی ترپن های موجود در اسانس این گونه و به واسطه فعالیت ضدمیکروبی این نوع سسکوئی ترپن، اندام های هوایی گیاه آویشنک پتانسیل مناسبی برای استفاده در تهیه داروهای ضدمیکروبی با منشاء طبیعی دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Acinos Miller. is belongs to Lamiaceae family, which grows as bush-herbaceous and consists of more than 10 species; two spaces from Aonos has been reported in the flora of Iran. In this study the essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Acinos graveolense (M.B.) Link extract has been studied. The aerial parts of the plant in blooming were collected from natural habitats (Ghamsar area), in spring 2014. It was dried in laboratory conditions, the essential oil were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) and were analysed by using GC and GC-MS. The methanol extract was obtained by maceration method and the antimicrobial activity of plant extract was measured by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration against eleven microorganisms. The yield of the oil was 0.1% w/w. the analysis led to identification of 27 compounds. The main essential oil components were germacrene-D (56.6%), bicyclogermacrene (8.7%), caryophyllene oxide (7.5%), e-caryophyllene (4.5%), and limonene (3.4%). In addition, sesquiterpens hydrocarbon was the main component of the oil. The extract of Acinos graveolense against three tested bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcusepidermidis and Salmonella paratyphi-Aserotype) were showed low antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, due to the high amounts of sesquiterpenes in this essential oil and its antimicrobial activity, we could reports that the aerial part of A. graveolense is suitable for the preparation of natural antimicrobial agent.

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