ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام مختلف داخلی و خارجی چغندرقند (Beta vulgaris L.) تحت شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و محدود

محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک

حیدر عزیزی ¹ (بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.)
اسمعیل نبی زاده ² (گروه زراعت و اصلاح‌نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد، مهاباد، ایران.)
آزاد ابراهیمی ³ (گروه زراعت و اصلاح‌نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد، مهاباد، ایران.)
رحیم محمدیان ⁴ (مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/10/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/12/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/07/01

کلید واژه: چغندرقند, نیاز آبی, عملکرد کمی و کیفی, تحمل به تنش کم آبی,

چکیده مقاله :

این تحقیق به منظور ارزیابی 18 رقم مختلف داخلی و خارجی چغندرقند به لحاظ برخی صفات مهم کمّی و کیفی تحت شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و محدود در سال زراعی 1396 به صورت طرح کرت های خرد شده نواری (شرایط نرمال و تنش در کرت های اصلی و رقم در کرت های فرعی) در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با شش تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده ها نشان داد که اثر متقابل رقم × محیط برای صفات عملکرد قند خالص و ناخالص، ضریب قلیاییت و میزان قند ملاس (05/0≥p < /em>) و میزان پتاسیم ریشه (01/0≥p < /em>) معنی دار و بر سایر صفات اثری نداشت. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس ساده در شرایط نرمال، اثر رقم بر صفت میزان نیتروژن مضره ریشه، غیرمعنی دار بر سایر صفات مورد ارزیابی، معنی دار بود. همچنین اثر رقم در شرایط تنش بر کلیه صفات مورد ارزیابی در سطح احتمال یک درصد (01/0≥p < /em>) معنی دار بود. از نظر صفت عملکرد ریشه تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش، ارقام خارجی مراک و دورتی به ترتیب با عملکرد 5/86 و 4/70 تن در هکتار دارای بالاترین ارزش بوده و رقم داخلی شریف به ترتیب با 3/14 و 2/17 تن در هکتار دارای کمترین عملکرد ریشه بودند. متوسط صفت درصد قند ناخالص تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش به‌ترتیب 88/19 و 15/20 درصد محاسبه گردید که اگرچه اختلاف آن ها به لحاظ آماری معنی دار نبود، ولی مقدار افزایش درصد قند ناخالص (حدود 34/1 درصد) تحت شرایط تنش انتظار می رفت. با توجه به اینکه اثرات کاهشی و افزایشی تنش کم آبیاری بر اکثر صفات اندازه گیره شده معنی دار نبود، می توان دریافت که محصول چغندرقند دارای آستانه تحمل مناسبی برای کم آبی می باشد که یقیناَ چنین نتایجی برای استفاده توسط زارعین چغندرکار در استان چغندرخیز آذربایجان غربی و مخصوصاَ در شرایط کنونی که با خشک شدن دریاچه ارومیه سعی بر احیای آن است، همواره بایستی مد نظر قرار گیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study was conducted to evaluate 18 different native and foreign sugar beet cultivars in terms of some important quantitative and qualitative traits under optimal and limited irrigation conditions in 2017 crop season in as a strip split plot design (normal and stress conditions) as main plots and cultivar factor as sub plots based on RCB design with six replications. The results of combined ANOVA of the obtained data showed that the interaction effect of the environment × cultivar was significant on sugar yield, white sugar yield, alkalinity coefficient, molasses sugar (p≤0.05), and root potassium content (p≤0.01) traits while it had no effect on other traits. Based on the obtained results from ANOVA, the effect of cultivar was not significant on α-amino nitrogen trait while it was significant on other assessed traits under normal condition. Also, under stress condition, the cultivar effect was significant at p≤0.01 on all of the assessed traits. In terms of root yield trait, Merak and Dorthea foreign cultivars had the highest value with 86.5 and 70.4 t ha-1 and Sharif native cultivar had the lowest value with 14.3 and 17.2 t ha-1 under normal and stress conditions, respectively. Under normal and stress conditions, the mean sugar contents were calculated 19.88 and 20.15%, respectively. Although the difference was not significant, the increase in sugar content (about 1.34%) under stress condition was as expected. Given that the decreasing and increasing effects of water deficit stress on most measured traits were not significant, it can be found that sugar beet crop has a good tolerance threshold for water deficit and, surely the finding should always be considered by beet farmers in West Azarbaijan province, especially in the current situation in which there are attempts to revive the drying Urmia lake.

منابع و مأخذ:

Abayomi, Y.A. (2002). Sugar beet leaf growth and yield response to soil water deficit. African Crop Science Journal. 10(1): 51-66.

Abdollahian -Noghabi, M. and Froud-Williams, B. (2000). Drought stress and weed competition in sugar beet. British Sugar Beet Review, 68(1): 47-49.

Abdollahian-Noghabi, M., Z. Radaei-al-amoli, Gh.A. Akbari and S.A. Sadat-Nuri. (2011). Effect of severe water stress on morphological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 20 sugar beet genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Science. 42: 453-464 (In Persian)

Alimoradi, I. (2003). Sugar beet production in Iran, a study on production restricting factors. 1^st Joint IIRB-ASSBT Congress, San Antonio. Pp: 603-607.

Azizi, H., Aalami, A., Esfahani, M. and Ebadi. A.A. (2017). The study of correlation and path analysis of grain yield and its related traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and lines. Journal of Crop Breeding. 9(21): 36-4325 (In Persian)

Babaei, B., Abdollahian-Noghabi, M., Jahad Akbar, M.R. and Yousefabadi, V. (2013). Introduction of appropriate method for determination of sugar content in sugar beet produced under drought, salinity and normal conditions. Journal of Sugar Beet, 29(1): 99-111 (In Persian)

Bakhshi Khaniki, Gh. R., Javadi, S., Mehdikhani, P. and Tahmasebi, D. (2011). The assessment of drought stress effect on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of new improved sugarbeet cultivars. New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal. 1(3): 65-74 (In Persian)

Bekele, S. and Tilahun, K. (2007). Regulated deficit irrigation scheduling of onion in a semiarid region of Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management. 89: 148-152.

Boutraa, T. (2010). Improvement of water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture: a review. Journal of Agronomy. 9: 1-8.

Cakir, R. (2004). Effect of water stress at different developmental stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research. 89: 1-16.

Doorenbos, J., and Kassam, A.H. (1979). Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 33, FAO, Rome, Italy. 193 pp.

Fabeiro, C., Martin de Santa Olalla, F., Lopez, R. and Dominguez, A. (2003). Production and quality of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivated under controlled deficit irrigation conditions in a semi-arid climate. Agricultural Water Management. 62: 215-227.

Flavy, A. and Vukou, K. (1977). Physics and chemistry of sugar beet in sugar manufacture. Elsiviere scientific pub.co. Hungry.

Ghafari., E., Rajabi, A., Izadi Darbandi, A., Rozbeh, F. and Amiri, R. (2016). Evaluation of New Sugar Beet Monogerm Hybrids for Drought Tolerance. Journal of Crop Breeding. 8(17): 8-16 (In Persian)

Hosseinpour, M., Hosseinian, S.H. and Yousefabadi, V.A. (2017). Effect of irrigation management on quantitative and qualitative parameters of autumn-sown sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2: 221-235 (In Persian)

Khayamim, S., Mazaher, D., Banaian Aval, M., Govhari, J. and Jahansooz, M.R. (2003). Assessment of sugar beet physiologic and technologic characteristics at different plant density and nitrogen use levels. Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 60: 21-29 (In Persian)

Mirzaei, M.R. and Rezvani, S.M. (2007). Effects of water deficit on quality of sugar beet at different growth stages. Journal of Sugar Beet, 23(1): 29-42 (In Persian)

Morison, J. I. L., Baker, N. R., Mullineaux, P. M. and Davies, W. J. (2008). Improving water use in crop production. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363: 639-658.

Orojnia, S., Habibi, D., Taleghani, D., Dovlatabadi, S., Pazoki, A., Moaveni, P., Rahmani, M. and Farshidi, M. (2012). Evaluation of yield and yield components of different sugar beet genotypes under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 8(1): 127-144 (In Persian)

Peymaneh, Z., Zarei, M. and Ronaghi, A.H. (2013). Effect of Glomus musei fungus on root dry matter yield, proline, protein and nitrogen uptake in the root of Raflemon and sour orange under drought stress condition. First National Conference on Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment. Pp: 1-5.

Rajabi, A. (2008). Selection criteria for drought tolerance in sugar beet. 30^th Annual Conference of Iranian sugar factories. Training and Research Centre of Sugar Industry of Iran, 7-10 May, Mashhad.

Rajabi, A., Ober, E. and Griffiths, H. (2009). Genotypic variation for water use efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination and potential surrogate measures in sugar beet. Field Crops Research. 112: 172-181.

Rajabi, A., Vahidi, H., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. and Fathollah Taleghani, D. (2013). Study on drought tolerance and interrelationships among some agronomic and morphophysiological traits in sugar beet lines. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 5: 761-768.

Ravari, S.Z.A., Dehghan, H. and Naghavi, H. (2016). Assessing salinity tolerance of bread wheat varieties using tolerance indices based on K+ /Na+ ratio of flag leaf. Cereal Research. 6(2): 133-144 (In Persian)

Reinfeld, E., Emmerich, A., Baumgarten, G., Winner, C. and Beiss, U. (1974). Zur voraussage des melassezuckers aus rubenanalysen. Zucker. 27:2-15

Saadati, Z., Delbari, M., Panahi, M. and Amiri, E. (2017). The effect of different irrigation management on vegetative characteristics, root and sugar yield of sugarbeet in Lorestan province. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 31(2): 151-162 (In Persian)

Sohrabi, Y., Shakiba, M.R., Abdollahian-Noghabi, M., Rahimzadeh, F., Tourchi, M. and Fotouhi, K. (2006). Evaluation of limited irrigation effect and root harvest time on yield and some quality characteristics of sugar beet. Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 70: 8-15 (In Persian)

Vazan, S., Ranji, Z., Houshdar Tehrani, M.H., Ghalavand, A. and Sanei Shariat Panahi, M. (2002). Drought stress effect on abscisic acid accumulation and stomatal conductivity of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 4(3): 176-184 (In Persian)