اولویتبندی حوزههای آبخیز بر مبنای وضعیت فرسایش با استفاده از مدلهای تجربی EPM وMPSIAC (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز ارو)
محورهای موضوعی :
جنگلداری
رضا بیات
1
,
مریم رستمی
2
1 - عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری تهران ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تهران ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/10/15
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/02/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/01
کلید واژه:
مدل EPM,
فرسایش خاک,
مدل MPSIAC,
اولویتبندی,
حوزه آبخیز ارو,
رسوب,
چکیده مقاله :
بررسی و اولویت بندی مناطق مختلف بر اساس میزان فرسایش و رسوبدهی، می تواند منجر به تولید اطلاعات ارزشمندی برای عملی کردن طرحهای جامع آبخیزداری، حفاظت خاک و کاهش خسارات انواع فرسایش در مناطق مورد مطالعه شود. پژوهش حاضر به منظور مقایسه دو مدلEPM و MPSIAC در برآورد فرسایش و رسوب و اولویت بندی واحدهای هیدرولوژیک موجود در حوزه آبخیز ارو واقع در استان تهران انجام شد. بخشی از اطلاعات مورد نیاز این پژوهش در زمینه ویژگی های طبیعی حوضه مذکور، از طریق مطالعات جامع آبخیزداری حوزه آبخیز حبله رود تامین و بخشی دیگر با کمک مطالعات صحرایی تهیه شد. با محاسبه فاکتورهای مورد نیاز در دو مدل EPM و MPSIAC میزان فرسایش با استفاده از این دو مدل برای تمامی واحدهای هیدرولوژیک موجود در این حوضه برآورد و بر اساس شدت رسوبدهی و فرسایش خاک در هر زیرحوضه، مقایسه و اولویت بندی انجام شد. در مدل MPSIAC میزان فرسایش ویژه 451 و رسوب ویژه 233 متر مکعب بر کیلومتر مربع در سال برآورد گردید. این در حالی است که میزان فرسایش و رسوب ویژه کل حوزه آبخیز در مدلEPM به ترتیب 378 و 200 متر مکعب بر کیلومتر مربع برآورد شد. از نظر توزیع مکانی، بیشترین سطح در مدل های مذکور به طبقه متوسط فرسایش و رسوب اختصاص داشت. نتایج نشان داد که در بیشتر طبقات فرسایش، مدلEPM و MPSIAC با هم انطباق خوبی ندارند. اولویت بندی واحدهای هیدرولوژیک موجود در این حوضه نشان داد که در مدل EPM واحد A4 و در مدل MPSIAC واحد A-1-4-3 بیش ترین میزان فرسایش و رسوبدهی ویژه را به خود اختصاص می دهند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Abstract
Identification, evaluation and prioritization of different areas can produce valuable
information for the watershed comprehensive plans, soil conservation and mitigation of the erosion types based on amount of erosion and sedimentation. This study used the MPSIAC and EPM models as a comparison and prioritization to estimate erosion and sediment in the Aro Watershed Basin. Required data regarding the natural characteristics of studying the watershed basin was provided from comprehensive studies of Hableh-Rood basin and field studies. By using the required factors, the amount of erosion was calculated in both the models. In the MPSIAC model, erosion
was calculated to be 451 m3/km2/y, whereas sediment was calculated as 233 m3/km2/y. However, the rate of erosion in the EPM model was estimated to be 378 m3/km2/y and for sediment, it was 200 m3/km2/y. The results showed that in some subbasins there was
good correlation between the MPSIAC and EPM models, however in areas with high
erosion the EPM model has less certainty than the MPSIAC model. The highest area was moderate class in the both of models and both of erosion and sediment in terms of spatial distribution. The results showed that EPM and MPSIAC model have not good agreement in the all classes. Prioritization of the hydrologic units showed that A4 unit in the EPM model and A-1-4-3 unit in the MPSIAC model allocated maximum of amount of erosion and deposition, in this area.
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