ارزیابی ویژگیهای شیمیایی خاک تحت تأثیر آبیاری با پساب خام صنعتی و پساب فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری
محورهای موضوعی :
کشاورزی
یحیی چوپان
1
,
سمیه امامی
2
1 - گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
2 - گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه تبریز
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/04/17
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01
کلید واژه:
آبیاری,
پساب صنعتی,
فاضلاب شهری,
خواص شیمیایی خاک,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثرات آبیاری با پساب خام صنعتی (کارخانه قند) و پساب فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری بر خواص شیمیایی خاک، پژوهشی به صورت مقایسه ای در اراضی کشاورزی روستای بوری آباد شهرستان تربت حیدریه صورت گرفت. پژوهش حاضر در قالب آزمایش های مزرعه ای با طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی به ترتیب با پنج تیمار ((آب چاه (T1)، پساب فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری (T2)، ترکیب 33% آب چاه و 66% پساب تصفیه شده فاضلاب شهری (T3)، پساب خام صنعتی (T4) و ترکیب آب و پساب خام صنعتی (با درصد اختلاط یک به هفت (T5)) و سه تکرار(R) در عمق 40-0 سانتی متری خاک طی سال زراعی 96-1395 انجام شد. نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل های آماری نشان داد پارامترهای اسیدیته، شوری، نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در گروه های مختلف آماری قرار گرفتند که دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری بودند، ولی همه پارامترها در حد استاندارد برای آبیاری محصولات زراعی می باشند. بیش ترین و کم ترین مقدار شوری خاک تحت تیمارهای پژوهش حاضر، در تیمارهای T4 و T5 به ترتیب با مقادیر 2/4 و 9/3 دسی زیمنس بر متر شد. همچنین بیش ترین مقادیر نیتروژن، پتاسیم و فسفر به ترتیب با مقدار 06/1 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم، 490 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار T2 و 85/7 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار T3 مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج مقایسه های صورت گرفته، می‌توان بیان نمود که آبیاری با پساب خام صنعتی و پساب فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری بر خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک منطقه مورد مطالعه، تأثیر مخربی ندارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
A comparative research was carried out in agricultural land of Bori-Abad of Torbat-Heydarieh to evaluate the effect of irrigation with industrial (sugar factory wastewater) and urban treated wastewaters on soil chemical properties. In this study, a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replications (R) was carried out in a field experiment. The treatments were five treatments: well water (T1), urban treated wastewater, (T2), combine 33% water and 66% treated wastewater, (T3), raw wastewater of sugar factory, (T4) and combine water and wastewater with a mixing percentage of 1 to 7 (T5), at 0-40 cm of soil in 2013-2014 year. The results were statistically analyzed indicated that the parameters of acidity, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were measured in different groups and a significant difference was observed, but all of the parameters are the standard values for irrigation of crops. The highest and lowest amount of soil salinity in T4 and T5 treatments with 4.2 and 3.9 dS/m, were observed. Also, the highest amount of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in T2 and T3 treatments with 1.06 mg/Kg, 490 mg/Kg and 7.85 mg/Kg. According to the results of the comparisons, can be concluded that irrigation with industrial and urban treated wastewaters no harmful effect on the soil properties of the studied area.
منابع و مأخذ:
Refernces:
Agh-Barati, A., S. M. Hoseini, A. Esmaili, & A. Maralian, 2009. Irrigation effect with urban wastewater treatment on physical and chemical properties of soil, the accumulation of nutrients and cadmium in olive trees. Environmental science journal 6: 1-10.
Choopan, Y., S. Emami, S. & M. Hesam, 2018. Study of the Effect of Irrigation with Industrial Wastewater on Soil Chemical Properties (Case Study: Torbat-Heydarieh). Water and Drainage Journal. (In Persian)
Choopan, Y. & S. Emami, 2018. Investigation of Soil Chemical Properties under Irrigation with Sugar Factory Raw Wastewater and Water Stress. Journal of Natural Ecosystems of Iran.
Cregan, P. 2006. The Acid Soil Problem Defined. New South Wales Department of Agriculture.
Farmanifard, M., H. Ghamarnia, M. Pirsaheb, & N. Fatahi, 2017. Effect of long-term irrigation with refined urban wastewater from Kermanshah on some physical properties of soil. Water Research in Agriculture 31 (3): 493-508. (In Persian)
Jalali, M., H. Merikhpour, M. J. Kaledhonkar, & S. E. A. T. T. M. Vander-Zee, 2008. Effects of wastewater irrigation on soil sodicity and nutrient leaching in calcareous soils. Agriculture and Water Management 95: 143-153.
Hasan, H. I., M. Anwar, M. Battikhi, & M. Qrunfleh, 2015. Impacts of Treated Wastewater Reuse on Some Soil Properties and Production of Gladiolus Communis. Jordan Journal of Agriculture Science 11(4): 1103-1118.
Hassanoghli, A., 2004. Use of raw and treated domestic wastewater for irrigation of agricultural crops. Final research report. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI) 83: 806, 231 pages.
Heidarpour, M., B. Mostafazadeh-Fard, J. Abedi-Koupai, & R. Malekian, 2007. The effects of treated wastewater on soil chemical properties using subsurface and surface irrigation methods. Agricultural Water Management 90 (1-2): 87-94.
Hoseinpour, A., Q. H. Haghnia, A. Alizadeh, & A. Fotowwat, 2007. The irrigation effect of raw and refined sewage on soil chemical properties in various depths in both continuous and alternative conditions. Irrigation and drainage journal 1 (2): 73-85.
http://areo.ir/
Karimzadeh, M., A. Alizadeh, M. & Mohammadi-Aria, 2012. The effects of irrigation with wastewater on soil saturation hydraulics conductivity. Water and soil journal 6: 1547-1553.
Khodadadi, N., Sh. Ghorbani Dashtaki, & Sh. Kiani, 2015. Effect of irrigation water quality on some physical properties of soil in rice cultivated land. Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation 4 (3): 15-28. (In Persian)
Qishlaqi A., F. Moore, & G. Forghani, 2008. Impact of untreated wastewater irrigation on soil and crops in Shiraz suburban area, SW Iran. Environment Monitoring Assessment 141: 257-273.
Rezapour, S., A. Samadi, & H. Khodaverdiloo, 2012. Impact of long-term wastewater irrigation on variability of soil attributes along a landscape, semi-arid region of Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences 67: 1713–1723.
Schacht, K. & B. Marschner, 2015. Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanic, 63 (1): 47–54. DOI: 10.1515/johh-2015-0010.
Schumann, B., 2007. The causes of soil acidity. New South Wales Acid Soil Action Program.
Selivanovskaya, Syu., V. Z. Latypova, S. N. Kiyamova, & F. K. Alimova, 2001. Use of microbial parameters to assess treatment methods of municipal sewage sludge applied to grey forest soils of Tatarstan. Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment 86: 145-153.
Sharma, R., M. M. Agrawal, & F. Marshall, 1999. Heavy metal contamination of soil andvegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Eco-toxicology and Environmental Safety 66: 258-266.
FAO, 1989. Wastewater quality guidelines for agricultural use. Irrigation and Drainage paper.
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Refernces:
Agh-Barati, A., S. M. Hoseini, A. Esmaili, & A. Maralian, 2009. Irrigation effect with urban wastewater treatment on physical and chemical properties of soil, the accumulation of nutrients and cadmium in olive trees. Environmental science journal 6: 1-10.
Choopan, Y., S. Emami, S. & M. Hesam, 2018. Study of the Effect of Irrigation with Industrial Wastewater on Soil Chemical Properties (Case Study: Torbat-Heydarieh). Water and Drainage Journal. (In Persian)
Choopan, Y. & S. Emami, 2018. Investigation of Soil Chemical Properties under Irrigation with Sugar Factory Raw Wastewater and Water Stress. Journal of Natural Ecosystems of Iran.
Cregan, P. 2006. The Acid Soil Problem Defined. New South Wales Department of Agriculture.
Farmanifard, M., H. Ghamarnia, M. Pirsaheb, & N. Fatahi, 2017. Effect of long-term irrigation with refined urban wastewater from Kermanshah on some physical properties of soil. Water Research in Agriculture 31 (3): 493-508. (In Persian)
Jalali, M., H. Merikhpour, M. J. Kaledhonkar, & S. E. A. T. T. M. Vander-Zee, 2008. Effects of wastewater irrigation on soil sodicity and nutrient leaching in calcareous soils. Agriculture and Water Management 95: 143-153.
Hasan, H. I., M. Anwar, M. Battikhi, & M. Qrunfleh, 2015. Impacts of Treated Wastewater Reuse on Some Soil Properties and Production of Gladiolus Communis. Jordan Journal of Agriculture Science 11(4): 1103-1118.
Hassanoghli, A., 2004. Use of raw and treated domestic wastewater for irrigation of agricultural crops. Final research report. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI) 83: 806, 231 pages.
Heidarpour, M., B. Mostafazadeh-Fard, J. Abedi-Koupai, & R. Malekian, 2007. The effects of treated wastewater on soil chemical properties using subsurface and surface irrigation methods. Agricultural Water Management 90 (1-2): 87-94.
Hoseinpour, A., Q. H. Haghnia, A. Alizadeh, & A. Fotowwat, 2007. The irrigation effect of raw and refined sewage on soil chemical properties in various depths in both continuous and alternative conditions. Irrigation and drainage journal 1 (2): 73-85.
http://areo.ir/
Karimzadeh, M., A. Alizadeh, M. & Mohammadi-Aria, 2012. The effects of irrigation with wastewater on soil saturation hydraulics conductivity. Water and soil journal 6: 1547-1553.
Khodadadi, N., Sh. Ghorbani Dashtaki, & Sh. Kiani, 2015. Effect of irrigation water quality on some physical properties of soil in rice cultivated land. Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation 4 (3): 15-28. (In Persian)
Qishlaqi A., F. Moore, & G. Forghani, 2008. Impact of untreated wastewater irrigation on soil and crops in Shiraz suburban area, SW Iran. Environment Monitoring Assessment 141: 257-273.
Rezapour, S., A. Samadi, & H. Khodaverdiloo, 2012. Impact of long-term wastewater irrigation on variability of soil attributes along a landscape, semi-arid region of Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences 67: 1713–1723.
Schacht, K. & B. Marschner, 2015. Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanic, 63 (1): 47–54. DOI: 10.1515/johh-2015-0010.
Schumann, B., 2007. The causes of soil acidity. New South Wales Acid Soil Action Program.
Selivanovskaya, Syu., V. Z. Latypova, S. N. Kiyamova, & F. K. Alimova, 2001. Use of microbial parameters to assess treatment methods of municipal sewage sludge applied to grey forest soils of Tatarstan. Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment 86: 145-153.
Sharma, R., M. M. Agrawal, & F. Marshall, 1999. Heavy metal contamination of soil andvegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Eco-toxicology and Environmental Safety 66: 258-266.
FAO, 1989. Wastewater quality guidelines for agricultural use. Irrigation and Drainage paper.
