ارزیابی اقتصادی و فنی عملیات چوبکشی زمینی در سیستم بهرهبرداری گردهبینه با اسکیدر تیمبرجک و کلارک رنجر
محورهای موضوعی :
بهره برداری جنگل، جاده سازی جنگل، GIS، شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی
فرشاد کیوان بهجو
1
,
زینب پورقلی
2
1 - دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 - دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/04/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/09/01
کلید واژه:
چوبکشی زمینی,
تیمبرجک450سی,
کلارک رنجر 666 بی دی اس,
نرخ تولید,
هزینه واحد تولید,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این تحقیق، ارزیابی اقتصادی (تولید و هزینه) و فنی (بررسی محدودیتها) بهرهبرداری فعلی جهت ارائه پیشنهادهای لازم برای افزایش بهرهوری و کاهش هزینههای بهرهبرداری جنگل میباشد. این بررسی در پارسل 237 از سری 2 حوزه آبخیز چفرود شاندرمن انجام شد. بدین منظور مطالعه تولید و هزینه در سیستم چوبکشی به روش گردهبینه با استفاده از دو ماشین اسکیدر تیمبرجک 450سی و کلارک رنجر 666 بی دی اس انجام گرفت. نتایج مطالعات زمانی و تحلیل رگرسیون حاکی از آن است که هر نوبت زمان چوبکشی با تیمبرجک 450سی بیشترین تاثیر را از فاصله چوبکشی، فاصله وینچینگ و اثر متقابل بین فاصله چوبکشی و شیب مسیر چوبکشی میپذیرد در حالی که هر نوبت زمان چوبکشی با استفاده از رنجر 666 بی دی اس بیشترین تاثیر را از اثر متقابل فاصله چوبکشی و حجم بار، اثر متقابل بین فاصله چوبکشی و شیب مسیر چوبکشی و نیز شیب وینچینگ میپذیرد. بررسی نرخ تولید دو ماشین مورد بررسی نشان داد که نرخ تولید تیمبرجک 450سی 93/22 مترمکعب در ساعت و نرخ تولید رنجر 666 بی دی اس 29/19 مترمکعب در ساعت است. نتایج مقایسه آماری نرخهای تولید و هزینههای واحد تولید در دو ماشین چوبکش حاکی از آن است که تفاوت معنیداری بین دو ماشین وجود دارد (p=0.04,p=0.03). همچنین نتایج بررسی فنی دو ماشین حاکی از کاراتر بودن تیمبرجک 450سی در مقایسه با کلارک رنجر 666 بی دی اس دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic (production and cost) and technical (limitations) of current exploitation is to provide suggestions for increasing productivity and reducing forest exploitation costs. This study was carried out in parcel 237 of Chafroud, Shanderman watershed. For this purpose, the study of production and cost in the method of skidding system logs using two machines Timber Jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS was performed. The results of time studies and regression analysis indicate that each turning time of skidding with Timber Jack 450C have the greatest effect on the distance from the skidding distance, winching distance and interaction between skidding distance and skid slope, while each boat time using Clark Ranger 666 the greatest effect is from the interaction between skidding distance and loading volume, the interaction between the skidding distance and the slope of the skid trail and the slope of the winch. The study of the production rate of the two machines showed that the production rate of the Timber jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS were 22.93m³ and 19.29m³ per hour, respectively. The results of statistical comparisons of production rates and production unit costs in two machines show that there is a significant difference between the two machines (p = 0.04, p = 0.03). In addition, the results of a technical review of two machines suggest that the Timber jack 450C is more efficient than the Clark Ranger 666.
منابع و مأخذ:
References:
Behjou, F.K., B. Majnounian, M. Namiranian, & J. Dvorak, 2008. Time study and skidding capacity of the wheeled skidder Timberjack 450c in Caspian forests. Journal of forest science, 4: 183-188.
Behjou, F.K., B. Majnounian, M. Namiranian, J. Feghhi, & A. Saeed, 2016. Estimation of production and logging costs in Shafaroud logging company. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 69(3): 473-484.
Durst, P.B., C. Brown, & T. Enters, 2003. Development and implementation of national codes of practice for forest harvesting in Asian and the Pacific, International expert meeting, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, 11p.
Gilanipoor, N. & H. Arya, 2014. Economic Evaluation LTT-100A skidding system in upward. Journal of NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS OF IRAN, 5(1): 75-84.
Gilanipoor, N., A. Najafi, & S.M. Heshmat vaezin, 2011. Models and production costs steel track skidder in downward skidding (Case Study: Forest Education – Research Tarbiat Modares University). Journal of forest Iran. 4(3): 2011.
Heinimann, H.R., 2007. Forest operation engineering and management – the ways behind and ahead of a scientific discipline. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 28(1): 107-121.
Heshmatol Vaezin, S.M., 2006. Modèles économiques de gestion des peuplements réguliers, irréguliers ou en transition; illustrations dans le cas du hêtre dans le nord-est de la France. Thèse de doctorat, Ecole National du Génie Rural des Eaux et des Forêt (ENGREF), AgroParisTech, 337p.
Jour Gholami, M., & B. Majnounian, 2008. Productivity and cost of wheeled skidder in Hyrcanian forest. International journal of natural and engineering sciences 2(3): 99-103.
Lilienau, B.L., 2003. Residual Stand Damage Caused by mechanized harvesting Systems, proceedings of the Austrio meeting, Austria, 11p.
Majnounian, B. 1988. Conditional Study and mechanization level of logging operation in Iran. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources Vol. 42(1) 9pp.
Nikooy, M. 2007. Optimizing production costs and reducing logging damages to wood, tree and forest. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, pp. 187.
Ruger, N., A.G. Gutierrez, D.W. Kissling, J.J. Armesto, & A. Huth, 2007. Ecological impacts of different harvesting scenarios for temperate evergreen rain forest in southern Chile—A simulation experiment. Forest Ecology and Management, 252: 52-66.
Senturk,N., Ozturk,T., & M.Demir, 2007. Productivity and costs in the course of timber transportation with the Koller K300 cable system in Turkey. Building and Environment, 42: 2107-2113.
Spinelli, R. & B.R. Hartsough, 2001. Extracting whole short rotation trees with a skidder and a front-end loader. Biomass and Bioenrgy, 21: 425-431.
Tiernan, D., G. Zeleke, P.M.O. Owende, C. L. Kanali, J. Lyons, & S.M. Ward, 2004. Effect of Working Conditions on Forwarder Productivity in Cut-to-length Timber Harvesting on Sensitive Forest Sites in Ireland. Biosystem engineering, 87(2): 167-177.
Wang, J., C. Long, & J. McNeel, 2004. Productivity and cost analysis of a feller-buncher and grapple skidder in central Appalachian hardwood forests. Forest product journal, 54(12): 159.
Wing, M.G., E.D. Coulter, & J.Sessions, 2001.The international mountain logging and 11th Pacific northwest skyline sysmposium , pp. 56-60
Zhou, M., J. Liang, & J. Buongiorno, 2008. Adaptive versus fixed policies for economic and ecological objectives in forest management, Forest ecology and management, 254: 178-187.
_||_References:
Behjou, F.K., B. Majnounian, M. Namiranian, & J. Dvorak, 2008. Time study and skidding capacity of the wheeled skidder Timberjack 450c in Caspian forests. Journal of forest science, 4: 183-188.
Behjou, F.K., B. Majnounian, M. Namiranian, J. Feghhi, & A. Saeed, 2016. Estimation of production and logging costs in Shafaroud logging company. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 69(3): 473-484.
Durst, P.B., C. Brown, & T. Enters, 2003. Development and implementation of national codes of practice for forest harvesting in Asian and the Pacific, International expert meeting, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, 11p.
Gilanipoor, N. & H. Arya, 2014. Economic Evaluation LTT-100A skidding system in upward. Journal of NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS OF IRAN, 5(1): 75-84.
Gilanipoor, N., A. Najafi, & S.M. Heshmat vaezin, 2011. Models and production costs steel track skidder in downward skidding (Case Study: Forest Education – Research Tarbiat Modares University). Journal of forest Iran. 4(3): 2011.
Heinimann, H.R., 2007. Forest operation engineering and management – the ways behind and ahead of a scientific discipline. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 28(1): 107-121.
Heshmatol Vaezin, S.M., 2006. Modèles économiques de gestion des peuplements réguliers, irréguliers ou en transition; illustrations dans le cas du hêtre dans le nord-est de la France. Thèse de doctorat, Ecole National du Génie Rural des Eaux et des Forêt (ENGREF), AgroParisTech, 337p.
Jour Gholami, M., & B. Majnounian, 2008. Productivity and cost of wheeled skidder in Hyrcanian forest. International journal of natural and engineering sciences 2(3): 99-103.
Lilienau, B.L., 2003. Residual Stand Damage Caused by mechanized harvesting Systems, proceedings of the Austrio meeting, Austria, 11p.
Majnounian, B. 1988. Conditional Study and mechanization level of logging operation in Iran. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources Vol. 42(1) 9pp.
Nikooy, M. 2007. Optimizing production costs and reducing logging damages to wood, tree and forest. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, pp. 187.
Ruger, N., A.G. Gutierrez, D.W. Kissling, J.J. Armesto, & A. Huth, 2007. Ecological impacts of different harvesting scenarios for temperate evergreen rain forest in southern Chile—A simulation experiment. Forest Ecology and Management, 252: 52-66.
Senturk,N., Ozturk,T., & M.Demir, 2007. Productivity and costs in the course of timber transportation with the Koller K300 cable system in Turkey. Building and Environment, 42: 2107-2113.
Spinelli, R. & B.R. Hartsough, 2001. Extracting whole short rotation trees with a skidder and a front-end loader. Biomass and Bioenrgy, 21: 425-431.
Tiernan, D., G. Zeleke, P.M.O. Owende, C. L. Kanali, J. Lyons, & S.M. Ward, 2004. Effect of Working Conditions on Forwarder Productivity in Cut-to-length Timber Harvesting on Sensitive Forest Sites in Ireland. Biosystem engineering, 87(2): 167-177.
Wang, J., C. Long, & J. McNeel, 2004. Productivity and cost analysis of a feller-buncher and grapple skidder in central Appalachian hardwood forests. Forest product journal, 54(12): 159.
Wing, M.G., E.D. Coulter, & J.Sessions, 2001.The international mountain logging and 11th Pacific northwest skyline sysmposium , pp. 56-60
Zhou, M., J. Liang, & J. Buongiorno, 2008. Adaptive versus fixed policies for economic and ecological objectives in forest management, Forest ecology and management, 254: 178-187.