بررسی ساختار و زادآوری درختان جنگلی در توده‌های بهره‌برداری شده و بهره‌برداری نشده (مطالعه موردی: جنگل دارابکلای ساری)
محورهای موضوعی :
جنگلداری
علی شجائی شمی
1
,
امین وثوقیان
2
1 - دانشجو
2 - -
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/12/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/28
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/01
کلید واژه:
زادآوری,
جنگلشناسی,
شیوه پناهی,
بهره‌برداری شده,
بهره‌برداری نشده,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به اهمیت درختان جنگلی، تأثیر شیوه جنگلشناسی اعمال شده بر ساختار و زادآوری درختان جنگلی در دو توده بهره‌برداری شده و بهره‌برداری نشده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. منطقه مورد مطالعه دارای دو قسمت برابر بهره‌برداری شده به شیوه پناهی و بهره‌برداری نشده است که بعد از گذشت 10 سال از زمان بهره‌برداری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور تعداد 60 پلات (1000 مترمربعی) و میکروپلات (100 مترمربعی) به صورت تصادفی سیستماتیک در عرصه پیاده شد. مقایسه قطری درختان موجود در پلات دو توده نشان دهنده اختلاف معنی‌داری (05/0p<) می‌باشد. با مقایسه مشخصه‌های رویشی چهار درخت نزدیک به مرکز پلات مشخص شد که بین قطر برابر سینه درختان دو توده (05/0p<)، ارتفاع تنه (05/0p<)، ارتفاع تاج (01/0p<)، سطح مقطع برابر سینه (01/0p<) و حجم (05/0p<) اختلاف وجود دارد. بین ارتفاع کل، قطر کوچک و بزرگ تاج و سطح مقطع تاج اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود ندارد. با مقایسه زادآوری‌های دو توده در سطح میکروپلات مشخص شد که بین فراوانی زادآوری توده‌ها در کلاسه‌های مختلف اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح 99 درصد اطمینان وجود دارد. همچنین بین مطلوبیت زادآوری‌ها نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح 95 درصد اطمینان وجود دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In this study the effects of the silvicultural methods was investigated on structure and regeneration of the forest trees in logged and non-logged stands according to the importance of forest trees. The forest had two regions with same areas which one of them was logged through shelterwood system and another was non-logged. Logged stand was assessed after 10 years from harvesting. 60 plots (1000 m2) and micro-plots (100 m2) were systematic randomly established in the field. The comparison of the diameter of trees between these two stands showed the significant difference (P<0.05). With comparison of the vegetative parameters of four trees near to plot center it was demonstrated that there was significant difference between two stands concerning diameter at breast height (P<0.05), stem height (P<0.05), crown height (P<0.01), basal area at breast height (P<0.01) and volume (P<0.05). There wasn’t significant difference for total height, minimum and maximum diameter of crown and basal area of crown. Comparison of the regeneration in micro plots of two stands indicated the significant difference at probability level of 99 percent for regeneration density of stands. Moreover, there was significant difference at probability level of 95 percent between two stands for regeneration quality.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Agstam, E., Ecol, M., Isson. U.N. and Welander, N.T. 2003. The effect of shelterwood density and site Preparation of natural regeneration of fagus sylvatica in Sothern Sweden, Forest Ecology and Management. 176: 61-73.
Ahi, M. 2003. Investigation of the effects of forestry methods of even aged shelter wood on tree and regeneration species composition in district 1 Galan rood. MS.c Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Mazandaran University, 76p.(In Persian).
Bryant, D., Nielsen, D. and Tangley, L. 1997. The last frontier forest: Ecosystem and economics on the edge, World Resources Institute, Washington DC. 42 pp.
Canon, C., Peart, D.R., Leighton, N. and Kartawinata, k. 1994. The structure of lowland rainforest after selective logging in west Kalimantan, Indonesia, Forest Ecology and Management. 67: 49-68.
Canonizado, J.A. 1978. Simulation of selective forest management regimes, Malaysian Forester. 41: 128-142.
Chapman, C.A. and Chapman, L.J. 1997. Forest regeneration in logged and unlogged forest of Kibale National Park, Uganda, Biotropica. 29(4): 396-412.
Dekker, M. and Graaf, N.R.de. 2003. Pioneer and climax tree regeneration following selective logging with sericulture in Suriname, Forest Ecology and Management. 172: 183-190.
Fredrichsen, T. and Mostacedo, B. 2000. Regeneration of timber species following selection logging in Bolivian tropical dry forest, Forest Ecology and Management. 131: 47-55.
Hamidirad, E. 1991. Investigation of the silvicultural goals after the exit from harvesting area in even aged stand with shelter wood cutting. MS.c Thesis, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources university, 75p.(In persian).
Hitimana, J., Legilisho Kiyiapi, J. and Thairu Njunge, J. 2004. Forest structure characteristics in disturbed and undisturbed sites of Mt, Elgon Moist Lower Montane Forest, western Kenya, Forest Ecology and Management. 113: 269-291.
Magnusson, W., de Lima, O.P,. Quintiliano Reis, F., Higuchi, N. and Ferreira Ramos, F. 1999. Logging activity and tree regeneration in an Amazonian forest, Forest Ecology and Management. 113: 67-74.
Mortazavi, M. 2000. Investigation of the effects of operating shelter wood silvicultural method in tree structure in Lenga forestry plan. MS.c Thesis, Modares University, Faculty of Natural Resources and Sea Sciences, 78p.(In Persian).
Panfil, S.N. and Gullison, R.E. 1998. Short term impacts of experimental timber harvest intensity on forest structure and composition in the Chimanes Forest, Bolivia, Forest Ecology and Management. 235-143.
Pilehvar, B., Farkhondeh Makhdoum, M., Namiranian, M. and Jalili, A. 2002. Measuring woody plant diversity VAZ forest by using Whittker multiscale plots modified for northern forest of Iran. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi. 53(4): 41-45.(In persian).
Pourbabaee, H., Javanshir, K., Zobeyri, M. and Akbarinia, M. 1999. Diversity of woody species of common Walnet (Jujlans regia L.) sites in the Guilan forests. Journal Natural. Resource. 52: 1. 35-45.(In persian).
Pourmajidian, M.R. 1999. Investigation of the silviculture and regeneration method of Sorbus torminalis in western forest of Mazandaran. Ph.D thesis, Modares University, Faculty of Natural Resources and Sea Sciences, 261p.(In Persian).
Rubin, B., Manion, P. D. and Faber-Langendoen,D. 2006. Diameter distributions and structure sustainability in forests, Forest Ecology and Management. 222:427-438.
Wyatt-Smith, J., 1954. Survival of isolated seed bearers, Malay. 17: 30-32.
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Abbasi, M. 2001. Effects of logging operation on regeneration of beech species in Alandan district. MS.c Thesis, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources university, 124p.(In Persian).
Agstam, E., Ecol, M., Isson. U.N. and Welander, N.T. 2003. The effect of shelterwood density and site Preparation of natural regeneration of fagus sylvatica in Sothern Sweden, Forest Ecology and Management. 176: 61-73.
Ahi, M. 2003. Investigation of the effects of forestry methods of even aged shelter wood on tree and regeneration species composition in district 1 Galan rood. MS.c Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Mazandaran University, 76p.(In Persian).
Bryant, D., Nielsen, D. and Tangley, L. 1997. The last frontier forest: Ecosystem and economics on the edge, World Resources Institute, Washington DC. 42 pp.
Canon, C., Peart, D.R., Leighton, N. and Kartawinata, k. 1994. The structure of lowland rainforest after selective logging in west Kalimantan, Indonesia, Forest Ecology and Management. 67: 49-68.
Canonizado, J.A. 1978. Simulation of selective forest management regimes, Malaysian Forester. 41: 128-142.
Chapman, C.A. and Chapman, L.J. 1997. Forest regeneration in logged and unlogged forest of Kibale National Park, Uganda, Biotropica. 29(4): 396-412.
Dekker, M. and Graaf, N.R.de. 2003. Pioneer and climax tree regeneration following selective logging with sericulture in Suriname, Forest Ecology and Management. 172: 183-190.
Fredrichsen, T. and Mostacedo, B. 2000. Regeneration of timber species following selection logging in Bolivian tropical dry forest, Forest Ecology and Management. 131: 47-55.
Hamidirad, E. 1991. Investigation of the silvicultural goals after the exit from harvesting area in even aged stand with shelter wood cutting. MS.c Thesis, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources university, 75p.(In persian).
Hitimana, J., Legilisho Kiyiapi, J. and Thairu Njunge, J. 2004. Forest structure characteristics in disturbed and undisturbed sites of Mt, Elgon Moist Lower Montane Forest, western Kenya, Forest Ecology and Management. 113: 269-291.
Magnusson, W., de Lima, O.P,. Quintiliano Reis, F., Higuchi, N. and Ferreira Ramos, F. 1999. Logging activity and tree regeneration in an Amazonian forest, Forest Ecology and Management. 113: 67-74.
Mortazavi, M. 2000. Investigation of the effects of operating shelter wood silvicultural method in tree structure in Lenga forestry plan. MS.c Thesis, Modares University, Faculty of Natural Resources and Sea Sciences, 78p.(In Persian).
Panfil, S.N. and Gullison, R.E. 1998. Short term impacts of experimental timber harvest intensity on forest structure and composition in the Chimanes Forest, Bolivia, Forest Ecology and Management. 235-143.
Pilehvar, B., Farkhondeh Makhdoum, M., Namiranian, M. and Jalili, A. 2002. Measuring woody plant diversity VAZ forest by using Whittker multiscale plots modified for northern forest of Iran. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi. 53(4): 41-45.(In persian).
Pourbabaee, H., Javanshir, K., Zobeyri, M. and Akbarinia, M. 1999. Diversity of woody species of common Walnet (Jujlans regia L.) sites in the Guilan forests. Journal Natural. Resource. 52: 1. 35-45.(In persian).
Pourmajidian, M.R. 1999. Investigation of the silviculture and regeneration method of Sorbus torminalis in western forest of Mazandaran. Ph.D thesis, Modares University, Faculty of Natural Resources and Sea Sciences, 261p.(In Persian).
Rubin, B., Manion, P. D. and Faber-Langendoen,D. 2006. Diameter distributions and structure sustainability in forests, Forest Ecology and Management. 222:427-438.
Wyatt-Smith, J., 1954. Survival of isolated seed bearers, Malay. 17: 30-32.
