Reinforcement of Glass Ionomer Cement: Incorporating with Silk Fiber

محورهای موضوعی : Finite Element Modeling

Mina Bahrami-Abadi ¹ (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.)
Masoumeh Khaghani ² (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.)
Ahmad Monshi ³ (Advanced Materials Research Center, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran)
Ali Doostmohammadi ⁴ (Materials Department, Engineering faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.)
Sara Alizadeh ⁵ (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/04/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/06/11

کلید واژه: mechanical properties, Composite, Silk fiber, Glass ionomer cement,

چکیده مقاله :

The aim of this study was to synthesis of glass ionomer-silk fiber composite and to evaluate the effect of adding natural degummed silk fiber on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC). For this purpose, natural degummed silk fibers with 1 mm in length and 13-16 µm in diameter were added to the ceramic component of a commercial glass ionomer cement in 1, 3 and 5 wt. %. Compressive strength (CS), three-point flexural strength (FS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) of the prepared glass ionomer-silk fiber were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the obtained results. Moreover, SEM technique was used for investigation of the surface morphology of as-prepared composite and fractured area. The results showed that the highest compressive strength, flexural strength and diametral tensile strength were obtained using 3, 3 and 5 wt. % of silk fiber, respectively. However, at 3 wt. % silk fiber, all three measures of strength exhibited a significant increase compared to the commercial GIC. Therefore, it can be suggested that the addition of 3 wt. % silk fiber to the ceramic component of GIC is desired for dental restorations and orthopedic implant applications, where the maximum strength in all three modes of loading would be beneficial.

منابع و مأخذ:

[1] R. A. Shiekh, I. A. Rahman, S. M. Masudi, N. Luddin, "Modification of glassionomer cement by incorporating hydroxyapatite- silica nano- powder composite: Sol– gel synthesis and characterization", Ceram. Int., Vol. 40, 2014, pp. 3165– 3170.

[2] S. Li, B. Su, J. Ran, J. Wang, L. Yan, X. Tu, "Effects of niobium oxide addition on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement", Mater. Sci. Forum, Vol. 815, 2015, pp. 373-378.

[3] F. S. Sayyedan, M. H. Fathi, H. Edris, A. Doostmohammadi, V. Mortazavi, A. Hanif, "Effect of forsterite nanoparticles on mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements", Ceram. Int., Vol. 40, 2014, pp. 10743-10748.

[4] J. Zoergiebel, N. Ilie, "Evaluation of a conventional glass ionomer cement with new zinc formulation: effect of coating, aging and storage agents", Clin. Oral. Invest., Vol. 17, 2013, pp. 619-626.

[5] H. A. Zraikat, J. E. A. Palamara, H. H. Messer, M. F. Burrow, E. C. Reynolds, "The incorporation of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate into a glass ionomer cement", Dent. Mater., Vol. 27, 2011, pp. 235-243.

[6] M. Irie, H. Nakai, "Mechanical properties of silver-added glass ionomers and their bond strength to human tooth", Dent. Mater. J., Vol. 7, 1988, pp. 87-93.

[7] C. Farrugia, J. Camilleri, "Antimicrobial properties of conventional restorative filling materials and advances inantimicrobial properties of composite resins and glass ionomer cements—A literature review", Dent. Mater., Vol. 31, 2015, pp. 89-99.

[8] M. Kobayashi, M. Kon, K. Miyai, K. Asaoka, "Strengthening of glassionomer cement by compounding short fibers with CaOP₂O₅–SiO₂-Al₂O₃ glass", Biomater., Vol. 21, 2000, pp. 2051-2058.

[9] K. Arita, H. Nakajima, M. Nishino, T. Okabe, "Effect of reinforcements on mechanical properties of glass ionomer", J. Dent. Res., Vol. 72, 1992, pp. 631.

[10] A. Moshaverinia, S. Ansari, M. Moshaverinia, N. Roohpour, J. A. Darr, I. Rehman, "Effects of incorporation of hydroxyapatite and fluoroapatite nanobioceramics into conventional glass ionomer cements (GIC)", Acta Biomater., Vol. 4, 2008, pp. 432-440.

[11] I. M. Hammouda, "Reinforcement of conventional glass-ionomer restorative material with short glass fibers", J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., Vol. 2, 2009, pp. 73- 81.

[12] R. M. Silva, P. H. N. Santos, L. B. Souza, V. C. Dumont, J. A. Soares, M. H. Santos, "Effects of cellulose fibers on the physical and chemical properties of glass ionomer dental restorative materials", Mater, Res, Bullet., Vol. 48, 2013, pp. 118-126.

[13] C. Vepari, D. L. Kaplan, "Silk as a biomaterial", Prog. Polym. Sci., Vol. 32, 2007, pp. 991-1007.

[14] J. G. Hardy, L. M. Romer, T. R. Scheibel, "Polymeric materials based on silk proteins", Polymer, Vol. 49, 2008, pp. 4309-4327.

[15] S. Mobini, B. Hoyer, M. Solati-Hashjin, A. Lode, N. Nosoudi, A. Samadikuchaksaraei, M. Gelinsky, "Fabrication and characterization of regenerated silk scaffolds reinforced with natural silk fibers for bone tissue engineering", J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A, Vol. 101A, 2013, pp. 2392-2404.

[16] H. Y. Cheung, M. P. Ho, K. T. Lau, F. Cardona, D. Hui, "Natural fibre-reinforced composites for bioengineering and environmental engineering applications", Compos: Part B, Vol. 40, 2009, pp. 655-663.

[17] F. Mirahmadi, M. Tafazzoli-Shadpour, M. A. Shokrgozar, S. Bonakdar, "Enhanced mechanical properties of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel by silk fibers for cartilage tissue engineering", Mater. Sci. Eng: C, Vol, 33, 2013, pp. 4786-4794.

[18] S. M. Lee, D. Cho, W. H. Park, S. G. Lee, "Novel silk/poly(butylene succinate) biocomposites: the effect of short fibre content on their mechanical and thermal properties", Compos. Sci. Tech., Vol. 65 2005, pp. 647-657.

[19] H. I. Prosser, D. R. Powis, A. D. Wilson, "Glass ionomer cements of improved flexural strength", J. Dent. Res., Vol. 65, 1986, pp. 146-148.

[20] Y.W. Gu, A.U.J. Yap, P. Cheang, K.A. Khor, "Effects of incorporation of HA/ZrO2 into glass ionomer cement (GIC)", Biomater., Vol. 26, 2005, pp. 713-720.

[21] A. Moshaverinia, N. Roohpour, W. W. L. Chee, S. R. Schricker, "A review of powder modifications in conventional glass-ionomer dental cements", J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 21, 2011, pp. 1319-1328.

[22] E. J. Swift, A. U. Dogan, "Analysis of glass-ionomer cement with the use of electron microscopy", J. Prothet. Dent., Vol. 64, 1990, pp. 167-174.

[23] N. Miyata, "Dispersion toughening of ceramics", Bull. Ceram. Soc. Japan, Vol. 21, 1986, pp. 605-612.

[24] M. Kon, F. Kawano, Y. Tada, S. Inoue, K. Asaoka, N. Matsumoto, "Effect of crystallization on fracture strength of castable glass-ceramics containing two crystals", Dent. Mater. J., Vol. 13, 1994, pp. 47-54.

[25] G. H. Altman, F. Diaz, C. Jakuba, T. Calabro, R. L. Horan, J. Chen, H. Lu, J. Richmond, D. L. Kaplan, "Silk-based biomaterials," Biomater., Vol. 24, 2003, pp. 401-416.

[26]      U. Lohbauer, R. Frankenberger, A. Clare, A. Petschelt, P. Greil, "Toughening of dental glass ionomer cements with reactive glass fibres," Biomater., Vol. 25, 2004, pp. 5217-5225.

 [27] U. Lohbauer, J. Walker, S. Nikolaenko, J. Werner, A. Clare, A. Petschelt, P. Greil, "Reactive fibre reinforced glass ionomer cements", Biomater., Vol. 24, 2003, pp. 2901-2907.

[28] S. Garoushi, P. K. Vallittu, L. V. Lassila, "Short glass fiber reinforced restorative composite resin with semi­inter penetrating polymer network matrix", Dent. Mater., Vol. 23, 2007, pp. 1356-1362.

[29] H. Yli­Urpo, L. V. Lassila, T. Närhi, P. K. Vallittu, "Compressive strength and surface characterization of glass ionomer cements modified by particles of bioactive glass", Dent. Mater., Vol. 21, 2005, pp. 201- 209.

[30] D. Xie, W. A. Brantley, B. M. Culbertson, G. Wang, "Mechanical properties and microstructures of glass-ionomer cements", Dent. Mater., Vol. 16, 2000, pp. 129-138.

[31] A. Kenji, Y. Aimi, S. h. Yukari, H. Keiko, A. Yoko, N. Keizo, S. Shigeru, "Hydroxyapatite particle characteristics influence the enhancement of the mechanical and chemical properties of conventional restorative glass ionomer cement", Dent. Mater., Vol. 30, 2011, pp. 672-683.

[32] H. Nakajima, J. H. Watkins, K. Arita, K. Hanaoka, T. Okabe, "Mechanical properties of glass ionomers under static and dynamic loading", Dent. Mater., Vol. 12, 1996, pp. 30-37.