شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی نقش مولفه‌های داوری مسابقات معماری بر ارتقای معماری معاصر ایران
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
سید محمد سقراطی
1
,
حیدر جهان بخش
2
,
حسین صفری
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه معماری، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: مسابقات معماری, مسابقات ملی معماری ایران, ارزیابی, ارزشیابی, داوری مسابقات معماری, معماری معاصر ایران.,
چکیده مقاله :
شیوه ارزشیابی و انتخاب آثار برتر در فرآیند داوری مسابقات معماری از اهمیت و حساسیت بالایی برخوردار است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی نقش داوری مسابقات معماری بر ارتقای معماری معاصر ایران بوده و نوع آن کاربردی است. همچنین روش تحقیق آن اکتشافی و از نظر ماهیت کمی-کیفی است. گردآوری داده‌های کیفی از طریق مصاحبه عمیق با 30 نفر از خبرگان و متخصصین حوزه معماری تا رسیدن به حد اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. این افراد از بین اساتید دانشگاهی و داوران مسابقات معماری کشور انتخاب شدند که به روند برگزاری مسابقات ملی معماری احاطه داشته و دارای سابقه کار حرفه‌ای در زمینه معماری بودند. با توجه به شاخص‌های به دست آمده، بخش کمی پژوهش نیز به صورت پیمایشی انجام و سپس اقدام به طراحی پرسشنامه گردید. برای روایی پرسشنامه از روایی صوری و به منظور بررسی پایایی آن از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. در نهایت پرسشنامه محقق ساخته پژوهش در اختیار 100 نفر از متخصصان، شرکت‌کنندگان و داوران مسابقات معماری قرار گرفت. روش تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، مبتنی بر کدگذاری، روش‌های توصیفی(میانگین، انحراف استاندارد و...) و روش استنباطی(آزمون کلموگروف–اسمیرنوف، آزمون فریدمن و رگرسیون) می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر پس از بررسی مصاحبه‌ها و بیانیه‌های مسابقات ملی معماری طی سال‌های 1390-1397، 4 مولفه اصلی و 33 زیرمولفه را به عنوان عوامل تاثیرگذار داوری مسابقات ملی معماری بر ارتقای معماری معاصر ایران در دهه 1390 معرفی نموده‌است. بر اساس نتایج به دست‌آمده، ویژگی‌های فردی داوران، غربال آثار منتخب مسابقات ملی معماری و توزیع امتیازات داوری، هئیت داوران و امر داوری 4 مولفه اصلی در فرآیند داوری مسابقات معماری ایران هستند. نتایج پژوهش ضمن تایید نقش داوری مسابقات معماری ایران در ارتقاء کیفی معماری معاصر کشور، اهمیت آن را در توجه به منفعت اجتماعی، افزایش مشارکت مردمی و ایجاد حس تعلق به سرزمین نشان می‌دهد.
The method of evaluating and selecting the best works in the judging process of architecture competitions is of great importance and sensitivity, and judges are the main decision makers of architecture competitions. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the role of judging the components of architectural competitions in the promotion of contemporary architecture in Iran, and it is practical in terms of the type of research. Its research method is exploratory and quantitative-qualitative in nature. Based on the research approach, real data was collected through in-depth interviews with 30 experts and professionals in the field of architecture. And when the topic reached theoretical saturation, the qualitative data collection process ended. These specialists and experts were selected from among the university professors and judges of the country's architectural competitions who played a role in the process of holding national architectural competitions and also had specialized work experience in the field of architecture. The quantitative part of the research was conducted in the form of a survey according to the obtained indicators, and then a preliminary questionnaire was designed. Face validity was used for the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, the questionnaire created by the researcher was provided to 100 specialists, participants and judges of architectural competitions and related experts. The data analysis method is based on coding, descriptive (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential methods (Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Friedman test and regression). After examining the interviews and statements of the national architectural competitions during the years 2011-2018, the present research has introduced 4 main components and 33 sub-components as the influencing factors of the judging of the national architectural competitions on the promotion of contemporary architecture in Iran in the 2010s. It is worth mentioning that, in this regard, more than 180 invitations from Iran's architectural competitions have been reviewed in the "Architect News", "Archline" and "Iranian Architecture and Urban Planning Competitions" databases. Based on the results obtained, the individual characteristics of the judges, the display of the selected works of the national architectural competitions. And the distribution of the judging points, the jury and the judging are the four main components in the judging process of the Iranian architecture competitions. Since, in most cases, architectural competitions are the competition field of architectural teams, Showing the selected works at the end of the competition, as well as examining the opinions of the judges in the final statement, is an opportunity for architects to gain experience. The judges' mastery of theoretical topics and their experience at the professional levels of design and implementation can gradually lead the flow of architectural competitions and bring fruitful and increasing results in the development of Iranian architectural models and the identification of contemporary architecture in the country. Also, the results of the research, while confirming the role of judging architectural competitions in improving the quality of contemporary architecture, show the importance of the performance of the judges of architectural competitions in considering the social benefit, increasing public participation and creating a belonging sense.
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