بررسی عوامل موثر بر موفقیت انتقال تکنولوژی صنایع کمپرسور اسکرو در شرکتهای ایرانی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
مجید باقرزاده
1
(عضو هیأت علمی،گروه مدیریت،واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران)
جلال مفتاحی مفتاحی
2
(دانش‌‌آموختۀ گروه مدیریت ، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران)
کلید واژه: تکنولوژی, انتقال تکنولوژی, عوامل موثر بر موفقیت انتقال تکنولوژی, تکنولوژی صنایع کمپرسور اسکرو,
چکیده مقاله :
انتقال و جذب تکنولوژی در جهان سوم، مقوله پیچیده ای است که هم از نظر علمی و هم از جنبه ابعاد فرهنگی، سیاسی و اقتصادی سالهاست نه فقط کشورهای در حال توسعه، بلکه بسیاری از مجامع پژوهشی غرب و سازمانهای بین المللی را به خود مشغول داشته است. در این تحقیق به بررسی میزان موفقیت انتقال تکنولوژی صنایع کمپرسور اسکرو در شرکتهای ایرانی پرداخته شده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش براساس هدف، از نوع کاربردی، اما براساس روش انجام تحقیق، از نوع توصیفی می‌باشد. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از ابزار پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده شده است. روایی سوالات پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظر اساتید تعیین شده است. از آلفای کرونباخ جهت سنجش پایایی سوالات استفاده شده که برابر با 0/81 می باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر، مدیران شرکتهای که در زمینه کمپرسور اسکرو در ایران انتقال تکنولوژی انجام داده اند که حدوداً 20 شرکت می باشد. از فنون آمار توصیفی شامل جدول فراوانی و آمار استنباطی شامل میانگین، انحراف معیار، آزمون آنالیز واریانس و گروه بندی دانکن به تجزیه و تحلیل استنباطی و بررسی سوالات تحقیق پرداخته شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهند که9/78 درصد از افراد تاثیر نقش مدیریت و شرایط اقتصادی کشور، 89/57 درصد از افراد تاثیر شرایط محیطی کشور، 73 درصد از افراد تاثیر نقش منابع انسانی(نیروی متخصص و کارکنان فنی)، 21/84 درصد از افراد اهمیت نقش تحقیق و توسعه را در موفقیت و یا عدم موفقیت انتقال تکنولوژی را در حد زیاد بیان نموده اند. میانگین عامل مدیریت 1/4 ، عامل تحقیق و توسعه 4 ، عامل شرایط محیطی 7/3 ، عامل شرایط اقتصادی 8/3 و عامل منابع انسانی 2/4 به دست آمد.آنالیز واریانس ANOVA نشان داد که بین عوامل موثر بر موفقیت انتقال تکنولوژی در صنعت کمپرسور اسکرو در ایران تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. بطوریکه گروه بندی دانکن عوامل مدیریت ، تحقیق و توسعه و منابع انسانی تاثیر بیشتر و معناداری نسبت به عوامل شرایط محیطی و اقتصادی دارند.
Technology transfer and adoption is a complex issue in the third world which, from scientific as well as cultural, political and economical aspects, has involved not only the developing countries but also many of the Western research communities and international organizations for years. The present research investigates the success rate of technology transfer of Screw Compressor industry in Iranian companies. The research is applied from the viewpoint of research objective, but it is descriptive from the viewpoint of methodology. In order to collect data, a researcher-devised questionnaire has been used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts, and Cronbach's Alpha was used to confirm the reliability of the questions (α = 0.81). The research population consists of the managers of the companies that have transferred Screw Compressor technology in Iran, totaling 20 companies. Techniques of descriptive statistics including frequency table as well as inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, variance analysis test (ANOVA) and the Duncan's grouping were used to analyze the data. The results show that 78.9 percent of the subjects have cited the role of management and the country's economic conditions, 57.89 percent have cited the effect of the country's environmental situation, 73 percent have cited the role of human resources (experts and technical staff), and 84.21 percent have cited the role of research and development as the main factor in the success or failure of the technology transfer. The average of management factor is 4.1, the research and development factor is 4, the environmental situation factor is 3.7, the economic condition factor is 3.8, and the average of human resources factor is 4.2. The Anova test indicated that there is a significant difference among the factors affecting the success of the technology transfer of Screw compressor industry in Iran. In other words, Duncan's grouping indicated that the management, research and development, and human resources factors have a greater and more significant effect than the environmental situation and economic condition factors.
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Branstetter, lee and Chen. Joig-rong (2006), the impact of technology transfer and R & D on productivity growth in Taiwanese industry. Journal of the Japanese and international economies volume 20. Issue 2, pages 177- 192.
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Pasandideh, A. S., Basharati Rad, Z., & Shater Abshoori, H. (2006). Evaluation and Analysis of Technology Transfer Process Case Study: Transfer of Technology of Gas Turbines V 94.2 to Iran. The Second Conference on Technology Management, (In Persian).
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Rahmani, K. A. D., & Alizadeh, H. (2007). Surveying the Level and Ability of the Technology of the Country's Industries Based on the ESCAP Model and Providing Technology Development Strategies. Journal of Management Sciences, 1(3), (In Persian).
Rezaei, A. (2006). Investigating the Role and Position of Technology Transfer Centers in the Development and Transfer of Technology in the Transportation Industry. The 2nd Conference on Technology Management, (In Persian).
Robert Solo "Inducing".(1978), Michigane University State Press.
Salami, S. R., & Shatrabshvry, H. (1985). The Choice of the Appropriate Method of Transfer of Technology in the Power Industry (Case Posts by GIS). The Second Conference on Technology Management, (In Persian).
Sderakhsharti, S. (1980), "Structuring Intrnational tronal Transfers of Technology".
Taghizadeh, H., & Ghaffar, T. (2007). Graphical Patterns of the Research Method in Humanities. Hafiz Publishing, (In Persian).
Thomas, S., & Bateman Scott A. (2002), management: competing in the new era, New York, mc grow hill, 539, 48.
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Abbaspour, M. (1986). Technology and the World Today. Sadra Publishing, (In Persian).
Aghaei, M. (1989). Transmission Technology Contracts. Research on Science and Technology, (In Persian).
Sharif, N. (1989). Technology and Development Management. Tehran: Ministry of Planning and Budget, (In Persian).
Ahmadi, H. (2006). Development Technology Management. Tehran: Publication of Iran Industrial Research and Training Center, (In Persian).
Azar, A., & Momeni, M. (2001). Statistics and Application in Management: Statistical Analysis. Tehran: Samt Puplication, (In Persian).
Belderbos , rene and others (2008), intra - firm technology transfer and r &d in foreign affiliates , journal of the japanese and international economies , volume 22 , issue 3 pages 310 – 319 .
Branstetter, lee and Chen. Joig-rong (2006), the impact of technology transfer and R & D on productivity growth in Taiwanese industry. Journal of the Japanese and international economies volume 20. Issue 2, pages 177- 192.
Branstetter, lee and Chen, jong-rong (2006), The impact of technology transfer and R&D on productivity growth in Taiwanese industry, journal of the Japanese and international Economies, volume 20, issue 2 , pages 177 – 192.
Dirmina, D. (2003). Assessment of Technology Transfer Management in Detergent Industries Based in Tehran. Tehran: Central Azad University, (In Persian).
Floyd, G. (1999). Technology at the Service. Translated by: Gh. Nasirzadeh, Tehran: Industrial Management Organization, (In Persian).
Ghorbani, J. (1990). Technology Transfer in Developing Countries. Translated by: A. Mojtahed, Tehran: Allameh Tabataba'i University, (In Persian).
Hafez Nia, M. (2005). Introduction to the Research Method in Humanities. Tehran: Samt Publication, (In Persian).
Henry, Michael andothers (2009), Trade, technology transfer and national rise efficiency in developing countries, European Economic Review, volume53, issue 2, pages 237 – 254.
Jafar Nejad, A. (2003). Modern Technology Management. Tehran: Tehran University Press, (In Persian).
Khalil, T. (2005). Technology Management, The Key to Succeeding in Competition and the Creation of Wealth. Translated by: M. Arabi & D. Isadif, Tehran: Cultural Research Bureau, (In Persian).
Mostafavi, S. M. (2006). The Need for Policymaking and Monitoring of Technology Production and Transfer. The Second Conference on Technology Management, (In Persian).
Navaz sharif, (1988), Technology, Policy Formulation and Planing Asia and Pasific Center of Technology, Bonglore, India.
Pasandideh, A. S., Basharati Rad, Z., & Shater Abshoori, H. (2006). Evaluation and Analysis of Technology Transfer Process Case Study: Transfer of Technology of Gas Turbines V 94.2 to Iran. The Second Conference on Technology Management, (In Persian).
Porter, Michael, e. (1985), competitive advantage, New York, free press, pp 166 – 169.
Rahmani, K. A. D., & Alizadeh, H. (2007). Surveying the Level and Ability of the Technology of the Country's Industries Based on the ESCAP Model and Providing Technology Development Strategies. Journal of Management Sciences, 1(3), (In Persian).
Rezaei, A. (2006). Investigating the Role and Position of Technology Transfer Centers in the Development and Transfer of Technology in the Transportation Industry. The 2nd Conference on Technology Management, (In Persian).
Robert Solo "Inducing".(1978), Michigane University State Press.
Salami, S. R., & Shatrabshvry, H. (1985). The Choice of the Appropriate Method of Transfer of Technology in the Power Industry (Case Posts by GIS). The Second Conference on Technology Management, (In Persian).
Sderakhsharti, S. (1980), "Structuring Intrnational tronal Transfers of Technology".
Taghizadeh, H., & Ghaffar, T. (2007). Graphical Patterns of the Research Method in Humanities. Hafiz Publishing, (In Persian).
Thomas, S., & Bateman Scott A. (2002), management: competing in the new era, New York, mc grow hill, 539, 48.
Unido (1989), technology management in developing country, report, Vienna.
Yousefpour, Gh. (1997). Technology Transfer in Third World and Iran. Tehran: Tandis Publishing, (In Persian).
