بررسی تأثیر سلامت روحی و جسمی و کارآفرینی بر بهره وری نیروی کار
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیمسعود حجازی 1 , افسانه صبحی 2 , فریبا تقی پور فرشی 3
1 - استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،زنجان،ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،زنجان،ایران
3 - دانشجوی گروه روانشناسی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،زنجان،ایران
کلید واژه: کارآفرینی, بهرهوری نیروی‌کار, تکنیک هم انباشتگی پانلی, سلامت روحی و جسمی,
چکیده مقاله :
بهرهوری همواره به عنوان یکی از آرمانهای اساسی دولتها و شاخصی برای ارزیابی عملکرد آنها مطرح بوده است. دستیابی به بهرهوری، بیش از هر چیز در گرو شناخت صحیح مسیرهای بالقوه و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن است. در این مقاله تأثیر شاخصهای سلامت روحی و جسمی (مخارج بهداشتی_سلامتی دولت، تعداد پزشکان و امید به زندگی) و کارآفرینی (ثبت شرکتهای جدید) بر بهره وری نیروی کار برای 8 کشور منتخب درحال توسعه (البته با لحاظ ایران) طی دوره زمانی 2004 تا 2012 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. برای برآورد اثرات متغیرها، از تکنیک هم انباشتگی پانلی به شیوه حداقل مربعات معمولی پویا (DOLS) استفاده شده است. نتایج رگرسیونی حاکی از آن است که، تمامی متغیرهای مورد بررسی دارای تأثیرات مثبت و معنی‌داری بر بهره وری نیروی‌کار می باشند.
Productivity has always been proposed as one of the fundamental aspirations of governments and an indicator to assess their performance. Achieving productivity, more than anything else, depends on the correct understanding of potential routes and the factors affecting it. In this paper was studied the effect of physical and mental health (government health-sanitary spending, the number of physicians and life expectancy) and entrepreneurship (registration of new companies) on the labor force productivity in 8 selected developing countries (including Iran) during the period of 2004-2012. To estimate the effects of the variables, the researchers used panel cointegration technique through Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach. The regression results indicate that all the examined variables have positive and significant effects on the labor force productivity
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- Bjornskov, C. & Foss, N. (2010), ((Economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity: Some cross-country evidence)), Public Choice, Springer, No. 143, PP.307-328.
- Carree M. & Thurik, A. (2010), ((The impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth”. Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research)), Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Erkena, H., Donselaarb P. & Thurikc, R. (2014), ((Total factor productivity and the role of entrepreneurship)), Papers published in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Journal.
- Erken, H. & Donselaar, P. & Thurik, R. (2009), ((Total factor productivity and the role of entrepreneurship)), Jena Economic Research Papers, No. 2008-019.
- Klein, P. & Cook, M. Schultz, T. W. (2005), ((The Human-Capital Approach to Entrepreneurship)) Review of Agricultural Economics, No. 28, PP. 344–350.
- Nazmul Huq, M., Ranjan Howlader,S. & Kabir, M. A. (2014), ((The Impact of Health on Productivity in Bangladesh)), Global Journal of Quantitative Science, No. 2, PP. 24-31.
- ShahzadAlv, I. (2013), ((Analyzing the impact of Health and Education on Total Factor Productivity: a panel data approach)), Asian-African Journal of Economics and Econometrics, No. 2, PP. 277-292.
- UNDP. (2016), United Nations Development Programme, Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/.
- Užík M. & Vokorokosova, R. (2007), ((LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY AS A FACTOR OF COMPETITIVENESS -A COMPARATIVE STUDY)), National Economic Horizons, No. 03/2007.
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- World Bank. (2016), World Development Indicators, Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/data/onlinedatabases.html.
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- Amini, A., Hejazi, Z. (2007), “Analyze and evaluate the role of health in promoting labor productivity in the economy”, Iran Journal of Economic Research, N 30, 137-163.
- Kheyri zad, S., Jarjarzade, A., Basirat, M. (2015), “Analyzing the role of health in promoting labor productivity in developing countries over the period 1992-2012”, First International Conference on Management, Economics and Accounting and Education.
- Shaemi Barzaki, A., Mohammadi, M. (2013), The Role of Transformational Leadership on labor productivity, with an emphasis on the role of entrepreneurship, N12.
- Ketabfurush Badri, A., Dizaji, Manije., Norozi, Manije. (2013), “The role of research and development expenditure and health expenditure on labor productivity”, The second International Conference on Management, Entrepreneurship and Economic Development.
- Nematolah, R., Sadat, A. (2014), “Concepts and principles of entrepreneurship”, Hamshahri news papar, N 3677.
- Vali nia, A., Amini, A., Salmani, Y., Ansari, Z. (2015), “Entrepreneurship development role in promoting labor productivity: A Comparative Study of the developing and developed countries”, Journal of Technology, N43, 62-70.
- Acs Z. & Audretsch, D. (2005), ((Entrepreneurship and Innovation)), Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group.
- Anastassopoulos G & Patsouratis V. (2004), ((Labour Productivity and Competitiveness: an Initial Examination of the Hotels and Restaurants Sector in Selected Countries)), Journal of Economics and Business, No. 7, PP. 63-79.
- Bauernschuster, S., Falck, O. & Heblich, S. (2010), ((Social capital access and entrepreneurship)), Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, No. 76, PP. 821-833.
- Baumol, W. J. (1990), ((Entrepreneurhsip: Productive, Unproductive andDestructive)), Journal of Political Economy, No. 805, PP. 893 -921.
- Bjornskov, C. & Foss, N. (2010), ((Economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity: Some cross-country evidence)), Public Choice, Springer, No. 143, PP.307-328.
- Carree M. & Thurik, A. (2010), ((The impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth”. Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research)), Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Erkena, H., Donselaarb P. & Thurikc, R. (2014), ((Total factor productivity and the role of entrepreneurship)), Papers published in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Journal.
- Erken, H. & Donselaar, P. & Thurik, R. (2009), ((Total factor productivity and the role of entrepreneurship)), Jena Economic Research Papers, No. 2008-019.
- Klein, P. & Cook, M. Schultz, T. W. (2005), ((The Human-Capital Approach to Entrepreneurship)) Review of Agricultural Economics, No. 28, PP. 344–350.
- Nazmul Huq, M., Ranjan Howlader,S. & Kabir, M. A. (2014), ((The Impact of Health on Productivity in Bangladesh)), Global Journal of Quantitative Science, No. 2, PP. 24-31.
- ShahzadAlv, I. (2013), ((Analyzing the impact of Health and Education on Total Factor Productivity: a panel data approach)), Asian-African Journal of Economics and Econometrics, No. 2, PP. 277-292.
- UNDP. (2016), United Nations Development Programme, Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/.
- Užík M. & Vokorokosova, R. (2007), ((LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY AS A FACTOR OF COMPETITIVENESS -A COMPARATIVE STUDY)), National Economic Horizons, No. 03/2007.
- World Bank. (2016), Doing business report, Accessed at http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports.
- World Bank. (2016), World Development Indicators, Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/data/onlinedatabases.html.
