بررسی تاثیر بهره‌وری نیروی‌کار بر بیکاری در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیرویا آل‌عمران 1 , سید علی آل عمران 2 , وحیده کسمایی پور 3
1 - استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، گروه اقتصاد، تبریز، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد شهری و منطقه ای، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 - کارشناس ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، گروه اقتصاد، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: بیکاری, بهره‌وری نیروی‌کار, روش حداقل مربعات معمولی,
چکیده مقاله :
بیکاری یکی از موانع جدی برای پیشرفت های اقتصادی و اجتماعی محسوب می شود. بنابراین برای جلوگیری از اثار منفی بیکاری، کاهش نرخ بیکاری را به عنوان یکی از اهداف برجسته توسعه در کشورهای در حال توسعه باید در نظر گرفت. یکی از مشخصه های کشورهای در حال توسعه، پایین بودن نرخ رشد بهره وری است و افزایش بهره وری در نتیجه ی کاهش استفاده از منابع، کاهش هزینه و استفاده از روش های بهتر تولید یا بهبود توانایی عوامل تولید، مخصوصا نیروی کار حاصل می شود. بر این اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تاثیر بهره وری نیروی کار بر بیکاری در ایران در فاصله ی سال های 1357 تا 1389 است. برای تحلیل موضوع؛ از روش اقتصادسنجی حداقل مربعات معمولی استفاده شده است. داده های به کار برده شده در پژوهش حاضر، از نوع داده های سری زمانی سالانه می باشد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از این روش، اثرگذاری ضرایب تمامی متغیرها بر اساس مبانی نظری مورد انتظار بوده و از نظر آماری نیز معنی دار می باشد و بهره وری نیروی کار اثری منفی بر میزان بیکاری دارد.
Unemployment is classified as one of the most serious obstacles to economic and social progress. So to avoid the negative effects of unemployment, reducing the rate of unemployment should be considered as one of the leading development goals in developing countries. One characteristic of developing countries is the low rate of productivity growth, and the increase in productivity is the result of reducing the use of resources, reducing costs, using better methods of production or improving the ability of production factors, especially the labor-force. So, the Objective of this research is to study the effect of productivity of labor-force on unemployment in Iran from 1978 to 2010. For the theoretical analysis of the topic, ordinary least squares method was used, and the data were collected by the annual time series coefficients data. The research results of this method indicate that the impact of all variable coefficients has been expected based on the theoretical frame work, the coefficients for all variables are significant, and productivity of labor has a negative effect on unemployment.
Beheshti, M. B., Khayavar, M. H., & Qazvinian, M. H. (2009). Study of the Relation Between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in Iran's Industrial Sector. Beyond Management, 183-157, (In Persian).
Chiarini, Bruno and Piselli (2005), Business Cycle, Unemployment Benefits and Productivity Shocks, Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol.27, PP: 670-690.
Fallahi, M. A., Hosseinzadeh Bahreini, M. H., & Moghaddamnejad, H. (2012). The Relationship between Productivity and Employment Changes in Iran's Industry (Application of the Blenchard-Cove Analysis Method). Journal of Research on Growth and Economic Development, 8, pp. 23-36, (In Persian).
Gallegati, Marco and Gallegati, Mauro and Ramsey, James B. and Semmler, Willi (2011), Productivity and Unemployment Scale-by-Scale Relationship, available at: www.google.com
Jalaei, S. A., & Shirafakan, M. (2009). The Effect of Monetary Policies on the Execution Level by Analyzing the Phillips New-Keynesian Curve in Iran. Economic Sciences Journal, 2, 13-36, (In Persian).
Minqi, Li (2004), Aggregate Demand, Productivity and Disguised Unemployment in the Chinese Industrial Sector, World Development, Vol. 32, No.3, PP: 409-425.
Mosaee, M., & Garshasbi-Fakhr, S. (2010). The Study of the Relationship between Unemployment and Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs in Iran. Social Issues, 7, pp. 145-167, (In Persian).
Najar Nahavandi, M., & Khaki, A. (2009). Demographic Analysis of Unemployment in Active Population in Different Provinces of the Country Based on the 2006 Census. Journal of Iranian Demography Institute, 7, 115-139, (In Persian).
Okudaira, Hiroko and Takizawa, Miho and Tsuru, Kotaro (2011), Employlent Protection and Productivity: Evidence from Firm-Level Panel Data in Japan, RIETI Discussion Paper Series 11-E-078.
Qavidel, S. (2008). Self-Employment in Unemployment (Case of Iran). Journal of Economic Research, 1, 21-41, (In Persian).
Razini, E. A., Suri, A. R., & Hosseini, A. (2011). Unemployment and Government Measure: Is There An Existing Relationship?. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, 2, 35-57, (In Persian).
Samty, M., & Albusovillem, M. (2009). The Impact of Participation Rate and Unemployment Rate on the Underground Economies in OECD Countries. Quantitative Economics Quarterly, 2, 63-88, (In Persian).
Shahabadi, A., & Khani, Z. (2012). Investigating the Relation Between the Efficiency of Total Factors and the Unemployment Rate in Iran's Economy. Journal of Economic Growth and Development Researches, 17, 35-58, (In Persian).
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Beheshti, M. B., Khayavar, M. H., & Qazvinian, M. H. (2009). Study of the Relation Between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in Iran's Industrial Sector. Beyond Management, 183-157, (In Persian).
Chiarini, Bruno and Piselli (2005), Business Cycle, Unemployment Benefits and Productivity Shocks, Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol.27, PP: 670-690.
Fallahi, M. A., Hosseinzadeh Bahreini, M. H., & Moghaddamnejad, H. (2012). The Relationship between Productivity and Employment Changes in Iran's Industry (Application of the Blenchard-Cove Analysis Method). Journal of Research on Growth and Economic Development, 8, pp. 23-36, (In Persian).
Gallegati, Marco and Gallegati, Mauro and Ramsey, James B. and Semmler, Willi (2011), Productivity and Unemployment Scale-by-Scale Relationship, available at: www.google.com
Jalaei, S. A., & Shirafakan, M. (2009). The Effect of Monetary Policies on the Execution Level by Analyzing the Phillips New-Keynesian Curve in Iran. Economic Sciences Journal, 2, 13-36, (In Persian).
Minqi, Li (2004), Aggregate Demand, Productivity and Disguised Unemployment in the Chinese Industrial Sector, World Development, Vol. 32, No.3, PP: 409-425.
Mosaee, M., & Garshasbi-Fakhr, S. (2010). The Study of the Relationship between Unemployment and Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs in Iran. Social Issues, 7, pp. 145-167, (In Persian).
Najar Nahavandi, M., & Khaki, A. (2009). Demographic Analysis of Unemployment in Active Population in Different Provinces of the Country Based on the 2006 Census. Journal of Iranian Demography Institute, 7, 115-139, (In Persian).
Okudaira, Hiroko and Takizawa, Miho and Tsuru, Kotaro (2011), Employlent Protection and Productivity: Evidence from Firm-Level Panel Data in Japan, RIETI Discussion Paper Series 11-E-078.
Qavidel, S. (2008). Self-Employment in Unemployment (Case of Iran). Journal of Economic Research, 1, 21-41, (In Persian).
Razini, E. A., Suri, A. R., & Hosseini, A. (2011). Unemployment and Government Measure: Is There An Existing Relationship?. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, 2, 35-57, (In Persian).
Samty, M., & Albusovillem, M. (2009). The Impact of Participation Rate and Unemployment Rate on the Underground Economies in OECD Countries. Quantitative Economics Quarterly, 2, 63-88, (In Persian).
Shahabadi, A., & Khani, Z. (2012). Investigating the Relation Between the Efficiency of Total Factors and the Unemployment Rate in Iran's Economy. Journal of Economic Growth and Development Researches, 17, 35-58, (In Persian).
