آزمون مدل سنجش توانمندی صادراتی در شرکتهای ایرانی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
ناصر صنوبر
1
(
استادیار و عضو هیأت علمی گروه مدیریت دانشگاه تبریز
)
کلید واژه: مدل سنجش آمادگی صادراتی, شراکتهای راهبردی, توانمندی های صادراتی بنگاه,
چکیده مقاله :
بازارهای جهانی، دروازه‌های خود را به روی جریان آزاد کالاها و خدمات، سرمایه‌گذاری و دیگر فعالیت‌های اقتصادی گشوده‌اند و موانعی که در گذشته بر سر راه تجارت در سطح جهانی موجود بوده برداشته شده و گسترش وسایل ارتباطی تأثیر عامل زمان و مسافت را در مبادلات تجاری کاهش داده است. تحولات گسترده در حوزه‌های مختلف ماهیت فعالیت اقتصادی را به نحو چشمگیری تغییر داده و بازار در شرایطی است که کاملاً مستعد انجام هرگونه فعالیت تجاری بوده است. با این حال بهره‌برداری از این فضای آماده برای تجارت بین‌المللی نیازمند توسعه توانمندی‌های صادرکنندگان است. یکی از مهم‌ترین اقدامات در این زمینه سنجش میزان آمادگی شرکتها برای ورود موثر به بازار های جهانی است و برای این مهم مدلهای گوناگونی توسعه داده شده است . یکی از این مدلها الگوی موسوم به Export Readiness Assesment است که کاربرد فراوانی در انجام پژوهش های مربوط به این حوزه و موارد اجرایی دارد و اغلب به تشخیص ضرورت یا عدم ضرورت اتخاذ شراکتهای راهبردی منجر می شود که نقش مهمی در تجارت در عرصه بین الملل دارد. در این مقاله ابتدا راهبردهای مشارکت و مدلهای مختلف آن بررسی می‌شود و سپس نتایج یک تحقیق میدانی در خصوص آزمون سنجش وضعیت توانمندی‌های صادرکنندگان کشوربا مدل ERA ارایه خواهد شد.
The world markets have opened their gates to the free exchange of goods and services, investments, and other economic activities. The hurdles which used to be in the way of international trade have now been eliminated, and the development of communication media has diminished the barriers of time and distance in the commercial transactions. The extensive changes in different areas have altered the nature of economic endeavors dramatically, and the current situation of the market allows all kinds of commercial activities. However, taking advantage of this situation for global trade requires developing the exporters' capabilities. One of the most important steps in this regard is measuring the rate of the exporting Firms' readiness to effectively enter the world markets, and different models have been devised for this purpose. One of them is "Export Readiness Assessment”, which has immense application in carrying out the researches relating to this field and often leads to determining the necessity or lack of necessity of adopting strategic alliances, which have an important role in the global trade. In this paper, initially the alliances strategies and their various models will be studied. Then, the results of a field research concerning the assessment of the exporting firms' capabilities will be presented based on the ERA model.
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Miles, R. E., & Snow C. C. (1986), Organizations: New Concepts For New Forms. California Management Review, 28, 62-73.
Miller, M. M. (1994), Networks, Alliances & Joint Ventures. Journal of International Marketing, 4, 3-11.
Mintzberg, H. (1985), Strategy Process, S.A.L.UK.
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Porter, M.E. (1985), Competitive Advantage (New York: Free Press).
Robbins, S. (1997). Organization Theory (Structure, Design, and Applications). Translated by: S. M., Alvani, & H., Assan Danaei Fard, Tehran: Moj Publishing, (In Persian).
Ray Port, J. (1996), Exploiting The Virtual Value Chain, Mc Kinsey Quarterly, 1, 20-38.
Snow, C.S., Miles, R.E. (1992), Managing 21 st Century Network Organizations, Organizational Dinamics, 20, 5-20.
Williamson, O.E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies, Free Press.
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Bryan, Q. (1997). Strategic Management (Strategy Process). Translated by: M., Saebi, Tehran: Government Education Training Center, (In Persian).
Chandler, A. D. (1982), Strategy & Structure, Mit Press.
Child J., & Faulkner, D. (1999). Strategies of Co-operation, Oxford University Press.
Child J., & Faulkner, D. (1998), Strategies Of Cooperation, Oxford Press.
Clerides, S., & Saul, L. (1996). Is Learning-by-Exporting Important? ?’ Quarterly Journal of Economics, 903-948.
Cravens, D. W. (1996), New Organizational Forms, British Jornal of Management, 7, 203-218.
Davari, D., & Shaneh Sazzadeh, M. H. (2001). Strategic Management from Theory to Practice. Tehran: Ashena Publishing, (In Persian).
David, F. R. (2000). Strategic Management. Translated by: A., Parsaean, & M., Arabi, Tehran: Cultural Research Office, (In Persian).
Donkers B., & Verwal, E. (2001). Firm Size and Export Intensity. Journal of International Economics, 48, 59-70.
Gluck, F. W., & Lawrence R. Ch. (1995). Commercial Policy and Strategic Management. Translated by: S., Khalili Shourini. Tehran: Yadvare Ketab Publication, (In Persian).
Krugman, P. R. (1980). Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade’, American Economic Review 70, 950-959.Venkatraman, N. and V. Ramanjam (1986). Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research. Academy of Management Review, 4, 46-58.
Kurtz, N. R. (1995). .Introduction to Statistics in the Social Sciences. Translated by: H., Timurid, Tehran: Ney Publication, (In Persian).
Miles, R. E., & Snow C. C. (1986), Organizations: New Concepts For New Forms. California Management Review, 28, 62-73.
Miller, M. M. (1994), Networks, Alliances & Joint Ventures. Journal of International Marketing, 4, 3-11.
Mintzberg, H. (1985), Strategy Process, S.A.L.UK.
Patrick, J. W., & George Elmore, M. (1997). Executive Strategic Planning Guide. Translated by: M., Sharifi Koloi, Tehran: Arvin Publication, (In Persian).
Porter, M.E. (1985), Competitive Advantage (New York: Free Press).
Robbins, S. (1997). Organization Theory (Structure, Design, and Applications). Translated by: S. M., Alvani, & H., Assan Danaei Fard, Tehran: Moj Publishing, (In Persian).
Ray Port, J. (1996), Exploiting The Virtual Value Chain, Mc Kinsey Quarterly, 1, 20-38.
Snow, C.S., Miles, R.E. (1992), Managing 21 st Century Network Organizations, Organizational Dinamics, 20, 5-20.
Williamson, O.E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies, Free Press.
