ارائه مدل تأثیر متغیرهای اقتصادی بر بهره‌وری کل در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد
علی شاهین پور
1
(دانش‌آموخته دکتری سیاست اقتصادی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه آتاتورک، ارزروم، ترکیه / استادیار، گروه اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد عجبشیر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، عجبشیر، ایران)
کرم کارابولوت
2
(استاد گروه سیاست اقتصادی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه آتاتورک، ارزروم، ترکیه)
کلید واژه: بهره‌وری, تسهیلات بانکی اسلامی, خودبازگشت با وقفه‌های گسترده (ARDL),
چکیده مقاله :
بهره‌وری یعنی به حداکثر رساندن استفاده از منابع، نیروی انسانی، تسهیلات و غیره به طریق علمی، کاهش هزینه‌های تولید، گسترش بازارها، افزایش اشتغال و کوشش برای افزایش دستمزدهای واقعی و بهبود استانداردهای زندگی، همان‌گونه که به نفع کارگران، مدیریت و جامعه باشد. به دلیل محدودیت منابع و نامحدود بودن نیازهای بشر، در کنار افزایش جمعیت و رقابت شدید در اقتصاد جهانی، بهبود بهره‌وری نه یک انتخاب بلکه یک ضرورت اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر متغیرهای اقتصادی با تأکید تسهیلات بانکی اسلامی بر شاخص کلی بهره‌وری در ایران طی دوره زمانی 1378 تا 1396، با استفاده از روش خود بازگشت با وقفه‌های توزیعی (ARDL) است. یافته‌های تحقیق حاکی از تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار مانده تسهیلات قرض‌الحسنه، مانده تسهیلات قراردادهای مبادله‌ای و مانده تسهیلات مشارکتی به‌عنوان مؤلفه‌های تسهیلات بانکی اسلامی، بر شاخص کلی بهره‌وری است. براین‌اساس، تسهیلات بانکی اسلامی هم در کوتاه‌مدت و هم در بلندمدت بر شاخص کلی بهره‌وری در ایران تأثیر مثبت دارد. در کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت تولید ناخالص داخلی واقعی (رشد اقتصادی) بر شاخص کلی بهره‌وری تأثیر مثبت داشته است. اثر تورم و نرخ ارز رسمی بر شاخص کلی بهره‌وری در کوتاه‌مدت بعد از یک سال و در بلندمدت منفی و ازنظر آماری معنی‌دار برآورد گردیده‌است.
Productivity means maximizing scientifically the use of resources, manpower, facilities, and the like, reducing production costs, expanding markets, increasing employment and striving to increase real wages and living standards as they benefit workers, management, and society. Due to limited resources and unlimited needs, improving productivity, along with population growth and fierce competition in the global economy, is not a choice but an inevitable necessity. The present study set out to investigate the effect of economic variables on the total productivity index in Iran over the period of 1999 to 2017, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The findings indicated the significant positive effect of Qarz al-Hasna facility balance, exchange contract facility balance and partnership contracts facility balance as the components of Islamic banking facilities on the Total Productivity Index. Accordingly, it can be concluded that Islamic banking facilities have a positive effect on the Total Productivity Index in Iran, both in the short and long term. In the short and long term, real GDP (economic growth) was found to have a positive effect on the Total Productivity Index. The effect of inflation and the official exchange rate on the total Productivity Index was negative and statistically significant in the short run, after one year, and in the long run.
Abduh, M., & Chowdhury, N. T. (2012). Islamic Banking-Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Islamic Economics. Banking and Finance, 8(3), 104-113.
Abdul Manap, T. A., Abduh, M. & Omar, M. A. (2012). Islamic Banking-Growth Nexus: Toda-Yamamoto and Bootstrap Granger Causality Test. Journal of Islamic Finance. 1(1), 59-66.
Ahmadi, E., (2016), The relationship between creativity and innovation and human resource productivity, Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 7(3), 209-222, [In Persian].
Akbarian, R., Rafii, H., (2007), Islamic Banking; Theoretical-Practical Challenges And Solutions, Journal of Islamic Economics, Vol. 7, No. 26, Pp. 97 -118. [In Persian].
Bakhita, H. (2017). Impact of Islamic Modes of Finance on Economic Growth through Financial Stability. Journal of Business & Financial Affairs. No. 1. PP. 1-7.
Daneshmand, A., Sattarifar, M., (2018), The effect of the Internet on the productivity of the Iranian economy, Journal of Economic Research, Vol. 18, No. 67, Pp. 75-98. [In Persian].
Dejpasand, F., Amini, A., AhmadiKabir, M., (2019), Analysis of Factors Affecting Total Factor Productivity: A Case Study of Selected Specialized and Commercial Public and Private Banks in Iran, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 13, No. 49, Pp. 153-182. [In Persian].
Diewert, W. Erwin & Fox, Kevin J., 2019. "Money and the Measurement of Total Factor Productivity," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 84-89.
Ezzati, M. & Kazemi, A., (2014), Effect of Islamic Finance on Economic Growth, Case Study of Selected Islamic Countries. Journal of Islamic finance research, No. 3, pp 73-88, [In Persian].
Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), The Next Generation of the Penn World Table American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182.
Fiorini M., Sanfilippo M., Sundaram A., (2021), Trade liberalization, roads and firm productivity, Journal of Development Economics, 153.
GUILLAUMONT JEANNENEY, S., HUA, P., (2011), How does real exchange rate influence labour productivity in China?, China Economic Review, No. 22, PP. 628–645.
Hashemi, M., Abasi, T., Aramineh, A., & Bakhtiari, M. (2014), Explaining the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Resource Productivity with Emphasis on Organizational Learning, Quarterly Journal Public Administration, 6(4). 791-817, [In Persian].
Izadpanah, A., Rostami, M. Z., Badashti, A. A., Dabbaghiyan, M. T., (2019), Dimensions of productivity based on religious teachings, Scientific Quarterly Journal of Majlis & Rahbord, Vol. 26, No. 98, Pp. 253-276. [In Persian]
Jafari Samimi, A., Yahyazadehfar, M. & Najafpour A., (2015), Impact of Islamic Banking on Economic Growth in Selected Countries, International Conference on Research & Development in Humanities, Management and Economics, [In Persian].
Kafaee, S. M. A., & Bagherzade, M. (2016), The effect of key macroeconomic variables on total factor productivity in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policy, Vol. 24, No. 79, Pp. 215-243. [In Persian]
Kamali Rad, E., (2016), »Management of human resources productivity«, Islamic Azad University, Bousher Branch, Boushehr, First Edition, 8-9, [In Persian].
Mahmoudzadeh, M., Ghavidel, S., Chavoushi, S. F., (2018), The Effects of E-Commerce on Employment and Productivity in Iran, Journal of Economic Research, Vol. 18, No. 68, Pp. 153-185. [In Persian]
Mariani, A., David, S. S., & Giuliana, B. (2011). The Impact of Islamic Banking on th Cost Efficiency and Productivity Change of Malaysian Commercial Banks. Applied Economics, 43(16), PP. 2033-2054.
Mei, Jen-Chung, (2021), Refining vertical productivity spillovers from FDI: Evidence from 32 economies, International Review of Economics and Finance, 74, 176-191.
Memarzadeh, A., Eami Meybodi, A., Heydaripour, E., (2016), Application of Bound Testing of Auto Regression Distributed Lag in determining Short-run and Long-run Relationship Between Natural Gas Consumption and Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Applied Economics Studies, Iran (AESI), Vol. 9, No. 17, Pp 55-79. [In Persian]
Mirkamali, K. S., Ahmadizadeh, A., Kazemzadeh, S., Vermaghani, M., (2019), Determining the Relationship Between Burnout and Employee Productivity, Iranian Journal of Ergonomics, Vol. 7, No. 1, Pp. 37-44. [In Persian]
Moharramoglu, O., (2016), the Impact of Banking Performance on the Growth of Industry Sectors with Emphasis on Islamic Banking: Case Study, countries in the Middle East and North Africa, [M.A. Thesis in Economics], Allameh Tabatabayi University, Tehran, Iran, [In Persian].
Monfared, S., Kh., (2013), Investigating the effect of Islamic contracts on investment and employment, M. A. [Thesis in Economics Course,] Payam Nur University of Mazandaran, [In Persian].
Mousavian, S., A. & Varmazyari, B., (2013), Investigating the Impact of Usury-Free Banking on Economic Growth in Iran, Journal of Islamic Economics, No. 48, pp 29-52, [In Persian].
Nasiri, N., (2020), The role of training on human resource productivity, Quarterly Journal of Approach in Business Management, Vol. 1, No. 2, PP 30-44, [In Persian].
Nazemi, A. & Faghihi, A., (2017), Investigating the Effect of Islamic Contracts Mudarabeh and Rent on Dimension of Efficiency and Job Satisfaction from Auditor's Point of View, Journal of Value accounting and behavioral study. No. 4, pp 1-35, [In Persian].
Nowferesti, Mohammad. (2012).Unit Root and Co-integration in Econometrics, Rasa, Tehran, 1-200. [In Persian].
Ojede, A., (2015), Is inflation in developing countries driven by low productivity or monetary growth?, Economics Letters, No. 133. Pp. 96-99.
Pourfaraj, A. & Alizadeh, V. A., (2011), Assessment of the degree of credit concentration in Islamic contracts and its effect on economic growth in Iran, Economic Research Journal, 1(98), 1-21, [In Persian].
Rezayi, R. & Golzarianpour, S., (2015), Investigating the Relationship Between Islamic Contracts of Mudaraba and Civil Participation and Non-Oil Export Volume (Excluding Condensated gaz) in Iran, Twenty-sixth Islamic Banking Conference, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
Tabibi, M., Vahebi, A. & Nournejhadvenoush, V., (2017), The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in Iranian Manufacturing Industries. Journal of Productivity management, 12(47). 37-59, [In Persian].
Tashkini, Ahmad. (2006). Applied Econometrics by microfit, Dibagaran Tehran, Tehran, 1-304. [In Persian].
Torki M. A., Ateyah, M. A. & George, N. S. (2015). The Impact of Islamic Finance on Some Macro Economic Variables. (A case study of Jordan Islamic Bank). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, No. 1. PP. 10-30.
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Abduh, M., & Chowdhury, N. T. (2012). Islamic Banking-Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Islamic Economics. Banking and Finance, 8(3), 104-113.
Abdul Manap, T. A., Abduh, M. & Omar, M. A. (2012). Islamic Banking-Growth Nexus: Toda-Yamamoto and Bootstrap Granger Causality Test. Journal of Islamic Finance. 1(1), 59-66.
Ahmadi, E., (2016), The relationship between creativity and innovation and human resource productivity, Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 7(3), 209-222, [In Persian].
Akbarian, R., Rafii, H., (2007), Islamic Banking; Theoretical-Practical Challenges And Solutions, Journal of Islamic Economics, Vol. 7, No. 26, Pp. 97 -118. [In Persian].
Bakhita, H. (2017). Impact of Islamic Modes of Finance on Economic Growth through Financial Stability. Journal of Business & Financial Affairs. No. 1. PP. 1-7.
Daneshmand, A., Sattarifar, M., (2018), The effect of the Internet on the productivity of the Iranian economy, Journal of Economic Research, Vol. 18, No. 67, Pp. 75-98. [In Persian].
Dejpasand, F., Amini, A., AhmadiKabir, M., (2019), Analysis of Factors Affecting Total Factor Productivity: A Case Study of Selected Specialized and Commercial Public and Private Banks in Iran, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 13, No. 49, Pp. 153-182. [In Persian].
Diewert, W. Erwin & Fox, Kevin J., 2019. "Money and the Measurement of Total Factor Productivity," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 84-89.
Ezzati, M. & Kazemi, A., (2014), Effect of Islamic Finance on Economic Growth, Case Study of Selected Islamic Countries. Journal of Islamic finance research, No. 3, pp 73-88, [In Persian].
Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), The Next Generation of the Penn World Table American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182.
Fiorini M., Sanfilippo M., Sundaram A., (2021), Trade liberalization, roads and firm productivity, Journal of Development Economics, 153.
GUILLAUMONT JEANNENEY, S., HUA, P., (2011), How does real exchange rate influence labour productivity in China?, China Economic Review, No. 22, PP. 628–645.
Hashemi, M., Abasi, T., Aramineh, A., & Bakhtiari, M. (2014), Explaining the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Resource Productivity with Emphasis on Organizational Learning, Quarterly Journal Public Administration, 6(4). 791-817, [In Persian].
Izadpanah, A., Rostami, M. Z., Badashti, A. A., Dabbaghiyan, M. T., (2019), Dimensions of productivity based on religious teachings, Scientific Quarterly Journal of Majlis & Rahbord, Vol. 26, No. 98, Pp. 253-276. [In Persian]
Jafari Samimi, A., Yahyazadehfar, M. & Najafpour A., (2015), Impact of Islamic Banking on Economic Growth in Selected Countries, International Conference on Research & Development in Humanities, Management and Economics, [In Persian].
Kafaee, S. M. A., & Bagherzade, M. (2016), The effect of key macroeconomic variables on total factor productivity in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policy, Vol. 24, No. 79, Pp. 215-243. [In Persian]
Kamali Rad, E., (2016), »Management of human resources productivity«, Islamic Azad University, Bousher Branch, Boushehr, First Edition, 8-9, [In Persian].
Mahmoudzadeh, M., Ghavidel, S., Chavoushi, S. F., (2018), The Effects of E-Commerce on Employment and Productivity in Iran, Journal of Economic Research, Vol. 18, No. 68, Pp. 153-185. [In Persian]
Mariani, A., David, S. S., & Giuliana, B. (2011). The Impact of Islamic Banking on th Cost Efficiency and Productivity Change of Malaysian Commercial Banks. Applied Economics, 43(16), PP. 2033-2054.
Mei, Jen-Chung, (2021), Refining vertical productivity spillovers from FDI: Evidence from 32 economies, International Review of Economics and Finance, 74, 176-191.
Memarzadeh, A., Eami Meybodi, A., Heydaripour, E., (2016), Application of Bound Testing of Auto Regression Distributed Lag in determining Short-run and Long-run Relationship Between Natural Gas Consumption and Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Applied Economics Studies, Iran (AESI), Vol. 9, No. 17, Pp 55-79. [In Persian]
Mirkamali, K. S., Ahmadizadeh, A., Kazemzadeh, S., Vermaghani, M., (2019), Determining the Relationship Between Burnout and Employee Productivity, Iranian Journal of Ergonomics, Vol. 7, No. 1, Pp. 37-44. [In Persian]
Moharramoglu, O., (2016), the Impact of Banking Performance on the Growth of Industry Sectors with Emphasis on Islamic Banking: Case Study, countries in the Middle East and North Africa, [M.A. Thesis in Economics], Allameh Tabatabayi University, Tehran, Iran, [In Persian].
Monfared, S., Kh., (2013), Investigating the effect of Islamic contracts on investment and employment, M. A. [Thesis in Economics Course,] Payam Nur University of Mazandaran, [In Persian].
Mousavian, S., A. & Varmazyari, B., (2013), Investigating the Impact of Usury-Free Banking on Economic Growth in Iran, Journal of Islamic Economics, No. 48, pp 29-52, [In Persian].
Nasiri, N., (2020), The role of training on human resource productivity, Quarterly Journal of Approach in Business Management, Vol. 1, No. 2, PP 30-44, [In Persian].
Nazemi, A. & Faghihi, A., (2017), Investigating the Effect of Islamic Contracts Mudarabeh and Rent on Dimension of Efficiency and Job Satisfaction from Auditor's Point of View, Journal of Value accounting and behavioral study. No. 4, pp 1-35, [In Persian].
Nowferesti, Mohammad. (2012).Unit Root and Co-integration in Econometrics, Rasa, Tehran, 1-200. [In Persian].
Ojede, A., (2015), Is inflation in developing countries driven by low productivity or monetary growth?, Economics Letters, No. 133. Pp. 96-99.
Pourfaraj, A. & Alizadeh, V. A., (2011), Assessment of the degree of credit concentration in Islamic contracts and its effect on economic growth in Iran, Economic Research Journal, 1(98), 1-21, [In Persian].
Rezayi, R. & Golzarianpour, S., (2015), Investigating the Relationship Between Islamic Contracts of Mudaraba and Civil Participation and Non-Oil Export Volume (Excluding Condensated gaz) in Iran, Twenty-sixth Islamic Banking Conference, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
Tabibi, M., Vahebi, A. & Nournejhadvenoush, V., (2017), The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in Iranian Manufacturing Industries. Journal of Productivity management, 12(47). 37-59, [In Persian].
Tashkini, Ahmad. (2006). Applied Econometrics by microfit, Dibagaran Tehran, Tehran, 1-304. [In Persian].
Torki M. A., Ateyah, M. A. & George, N. S. (2015). The Impact of Islamic Finance on Some Macro Economic Variables. (A case study of Jordan Islamic Bank). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, No. 1. PP. 10-30.
