آموزش تاریخ محلی در برنامه‌ی درسی تاریخ از دیدگاه معلمان تاریخ و دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه (مطالعه موردی استان کهکیلویه و بویراحمد)
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی تربیتیمصطفی قادری 1 , عبدالله محمودی‌معظم 2 , فاطمه هواس‌بیگی 3 , خلیل غلامی 4
1 - دانشیار رشته مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشگاه کردستان
2 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد رشته برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
3 - دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران،ایران
4 - استادیار برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی دانشگاه کردستان، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، گروه علوم تربیتی، سنندج، ایران
کلید واژه: دانش‌آموز, معلم, دوره متوسطه, تاریخ محلی, برنامه درسی تاریخ,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی آموزش ابعاد تاریخ محلی در برنامه ی درسی تاریخ از دیدگاه معلمان تاریخ و دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه، به‌منظور کاربست آن در برنامه درسی مدارس هست. برای اجرای تحقیق، تعداد 16 معلم به‌صورت هدفمند در دسترس و 285 دانش‌آموز به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب و داده‌های تحقیق گردآوری شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات برای داده‌های کمی، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته که شامل دو پرسشنامه به ترتیب برای معلمان تاریخ و دانش‌آموزان هست. برای تعیین روایی پرسشنامه‌ها، از روایی محتوایی و صوری استفاده شد و برای تعیین پایایی از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده‌شده است که برای پرسشنامه شماره یک2/68درصد و برای پرسشنامه شماره دو3/97درصد برآورد شده است. داده‌های کیفی تحقیق علاوه بر سؤالات باز پاسخ پرسشنامه دانش‌آموزان، از طریق مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختارمند با 8 معلم تاریخ، گردآوری و از طریق نظریه مبنایی تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد، دانش‌آموزان و معلمان تاریخ نسبت به آموزش ابعاد تاریخ محلی استان، نگرش مثبتی دارند. ازنظر دانش‌آموزان، تاریخچه سیاسی بیشترین و تاریخچه اقتصادی کم‌ترین اهمیت آموزشی را نسبت به بقیه ابعاد دارند. معلمان تاریخ، آموزش تاریخچه فرهنگی - اجتماعی را مهم‌ترین و آموزش تاریخچه اقتصادی را کم‌اهمیت‌ترین بُعد از بین ابعاد تاریخ محلی استان برآورد کردند. همچنین در خصوص دیدگاه‌های معلمان و دانش‌آموزان درباره اهمیت آموزش تاریخ محلی در برنامه درسی تاریخ می‌توان به: ضرورت پداگوژیکی، درک و شناخت محیط زندگی خود، برآورده شدن نیازهای روحی افراد، تقویت روح میهن‌پرستی، بازنمایی و حفظ اصالت و هویت بومی و توسعه‌ی همه‌جانبه جامعه اشاره کرد. معلمان تاریخ برای تدریس تاریخ محلی، روش یاددهی–یادگیری مشارکتی، روش یاددهی–یادگیری مشاهده‌ای، روش یاددهی–یادگیری پژوهش محور، روش نقل حکایات تاریخی توسط معلم(تاریخ‌شفاهی) و تدریس با استفاده از منابع الکترونیکی را پیشنهاد دادند
The main purpose of this study was to investigate teaching different dimensions of local history in history courses from the perspective of secondary school history teachers and students. To conduct the research, 16 teachers were selected purposefully and 285 students were randomly selected. The data collection tools for the quantitative data were two researcher made questionnaires for history teachers and students. The content validity was checked to determine the validity, and the Cronbach's alpha was measured to determine the reliability, which was 68.2 and 97.3 for the questionnaire number one and two, respectively. The qualitative data, in addition to the open-ended questions of the students’ questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with 8 history teachers, were analyzed through grounded theory. The results showed that students and teachers have positive attitudes towards teaching the local history of the province. From the students points of view, teaching political history have the most importance and economical history has the leastimportance as compared to other dimensions. History teachers found teaching cultural-social history the most important and teaching economical history as the least important dimension of local history. Morever, among the teachers and students points of view regarding the importance of teaching local history in the history courses were: pedagogical necessity, understanding one’s living environment, meeting the spiritual needs of individuals, strengthening the spirit of patriotism, representation and preservation of local identity and multilateral development of the community. In order to teach local history, history teachers proposed the following methods: cooperative teaching-based teaching-learning method, narrating historical stories by the teacher (oral history), and teaching by electronical resources
Adib Haj Bagheri, M. (2006). Grounded theory methodology (ways of theorizing in the social sciences and health). Tehran: Boshra publication.
Ahmad, A. R., Rahim, A., Seman, A. A., & Salleh, & M., J. (2010). Malaysian Secondary School History Curriculum and its Contribution towards Racial Integration. International Conference on Learner Diversity: Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 488–493.
Aktekin, S. (2009).The Place and importance of Local History the Secondary History Education. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 6(1), 86-105.
Creswell, J. W. (2009) research layout approaches to qualitative, quantitative and mixed. (A. Kiamanesh & M. Danay Tus, Trans.) (2013). Tehran: Jahad academic unit of Allameh Tabataba'i.
Crozer, W.L. (1985).Teaching comparative local history: Upper Mississippi river town.Minneapolis: Organization of American Historians (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.ED266978).
Downey, M. T. (1985).The status of history in the schools.In M.T.Downey (ED.).History in the schools.National Council for the Social Studies Bulletin74.Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.ED254477).
Feldman, A, H. (1981). Local History and Secondary Schools: A Historiographic Perspective. (Published doctoral dissertation), University of Pennsylvania.
Flick, U. (2006). Introduction to qualitative research. (H. Jalili, Trans., 2009). Tehran: Ney Publication.
Gage, R. (1985).Reflections of yesterday: Procsses for investigating local history.intermediate, and middle high school level.Desmonies: Iowa State Department of Public Instruction. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.261960).
Gorley, M. (2013). The Importance of Local History Education in Texas Public Schools. (Published doctoral dissertation), Texas A&M University-Commerce.
Hertberg, H.H. (1985).Students, method and materials of instruction. In M.T.Downey (ED.).History in the Schools.National Council for the Social Studies Bulletin 74.Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.ED 254477).
Kodel, R.C. (1980).Teaching local history in the community college.Baltimore: Eastern Community College Social Science Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.ED187409).
Lee, G. (2014). Effecting Student Learning for Historical Understanding. (Published doctoral dissertation), College of Professional Studies Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts.
Montgomery, T .A. (1982) .The integration of the study of local history with 11th grade American history courses and its effect on student attitude toward American history and on student achievement. Dissertation Abstract International, 43,2222A. (UniversityMicrofilms NO.DEP 82-27791).
Oguzhan, K. (2015). Teaching local history using social studies models for Turkish middle school students. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(8), 1284-1292.
Prunty, J.Gillespie, R. & Moloney, M, M. (2001). The Local History Project: Co-operating North and South. A Report for the Centre for Cross Border Studies.
Ross, W. (1990). A study of Th e effects o f utilizing local history instructional Materials on achievement and attitude of eleventh-grade American history students. (Published doctoral dissertation). The University of Southern Mississippi.
Strauss, A, Corbin, J. (1994). Principles of qualitative research methods (basic theory, practice and procedures). (R. Rahmatpour, Trans., 2006)).Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
VanSledright, B. (2003). Teaching of history. In J. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Education, (pp. 1055-1058). New York: Macmillan Reference.
Vickers, E. (2002). The Politics of History Education in Hong Kong: the case of local history. International Journal of Educational Research, 37, 587–602.
Walker, W. (2015). The Role of Local History in the Curriculum at a Rural, Southeastern Community College. (Published doctoral dissertation), College of Education, Walden University.
Wesley, E.B. (1942).Teaching the social studies.Boston: Heath.
Zokaei, M.S. (2002). Theory and Method in Qualitative Research, Journal of Social Sciences, (17).
Zuniga, C., O’ Donoghue, G., & Clarke. T., (2015). A Study of the Secondary School History Curriculum in Chile from Colonial Times to the Present.Sense Publishers, Rotterdam/Boston/Taipei
_||_Adib Haj Bagheri, M. (2006). Grounded theory methodology (ways of theorizing in the social sciences and health). Tehran: Boshra publication.
Ahmad, A. R., Rahim, A., Seman, A. A., & Salleh, & M., J. (2010). Malaysian Secondary School History Curriculum and its Contribution towards Racial Integration. International Conference on Learner Diversity: Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 488–493.
Aktekin, S. (2009).The Place and importance of Local History the Secondary History Education. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 6(1), 86-105.
Creswell, J. W. (2009) research layout approaches to qualitative, quantitative and mixed. (A. Kiamanesh & M. Danay Tus, Trans.) (2013). Tehran: Jahad academic unit of Allameh Tabataba'i.
Crozer, W.L. (1985).Teaching comparative local history: Upper Mississippi river town.Minneapolis: Organization of American Historians (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.ED266978).
Downey, M. T. (1985).The status of history in the schools.In M.T.Downey (ED.).History in the schools.National Council for the Social Studies Bulletin74.Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.ED254477).
Feldman, A, H. (1981). Local History and Secondary Schools: A Historiographic Perspective. (Published doctoral dissertation), University of Pennsylvania.
Flick, U. (2006). Introduction to qualitative research. (H. Jalili, Trans., 2009). Tehran: Ney Publication.
Gage, R. (1985).Reflections of yesterday: Procsses for investigating local history.intermediate, and middle high school level.Desmonies: Iowa State Department of Public Instruction. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.261960).
Gorley, M. (2013). The Importance of Local History Education in Texas Public Schools. (Published doctoral dissertation), Texas A&M University-Commerce.
Hertberg, H.H. (1985).Students, method and materials of instruction. In M.T.Downey (ED.).History in the Schools.National Council for the Social Studies Bulletin 74.Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.ED 254477).
Kodel, R.C. (1980).Teaching local history in the community college.Baltimore: Eastern Community College Social Science Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO.ED187409).
Lee, G. (2014). Effecting Student Learning for Historical Understanding. (Published doctoral dissertation), College of Professional Studies Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts.
Montgomery, T .A. (1982) .The integration of the study of local history with 11th grade American history courses and its effect on student attitude toward American history and on student achievement. Dissertation Abstract International, 43,2222A. (UniversityMicrofilms NO.DEP 82-27791).
Oguzhan, K. (2015). Teaching local history using social studies models for Turkish middle school students. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(8), 1284-1292.
Prunty, J.Gillespie, R. & Moloney, M, M. (2001). The Local History Project: Co-operating North and South. A Report for the Centre for Cross Border Studies.
Ross, W. (1990). A study of Th e effects o f utilizing local history instructional Materials on achievement and attitude of eleventh-grade American history students. (Published doctoral dissertation). The University of Southern Mississippi.
Strauss, A, Corbin, J. (1994). Principles of qualitative research methods (basic theory, practice and procedures). (R. Rahmatpour, Trans., 2006)).Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
VanSledright, B. (2003). Teaching of history. In J. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Education, (pp. 1055-1058). New York: Macmillan Reference.
Vickers, E. (2002). The Politics of History Education in Hong Kong: the case of local history. International Journal of Educational Research, 37, 587–602.
Walker, W. (2015). The Role of Local History in the Curriculum at a Rural, Southeastern Community College. (Published doctoral dissertation), College of Education, Walden University.
Wesley, E.B. (1942).Teaching the social studies.Boston: Heath.
Zokaei, M.S. (2002). Theory and Method in Qualitative Research, Journal of Social Sciences, (17).
Zuniga, C., O’ Donoghue, G., & Clarke. T., (2015). A Study of the Secondary School History Curriculum in Chile from Colonial Times to the Present.Sense Publishers, Rotterdam/Boston/Taipei
