تحولات دینی در دنیای معاصر با تأکید بر دین‌ها و معنویت‌های جدید

محورهای موضوعی : جامعه شناسی

محمدمسعود سعیدی ¹

1 - استادیار گروه پژوهشی حکمت و کلام جدید (تخصص در جامعه‌شناسی دین)، پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.( نویسنده مسئول) [e-mail]

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/02/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/09/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/06/01

کلید واژه: ", تحلیل و استنتاج منطقی, دین و معنویت جدید", تغییر دینی", جامعه شناسی دین",

چکیده مقاله :

این مقاله مستخرج از طرح پژوهشی تحولات نوپدید دینی و معنوی در دنیای معاصر است که در پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی در حال انجام است.مطالعۀ تحولات دینی در ایران معاصر، بدون توجه به تحولات جدید دینی در جهان ناقص خواهد ماند. در این مقاله، مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های تحولات دینی در دنیای کنونی با تأکید بر دین‌ها و معنویت‌های جدید و از چشم‌اندازی جهانی بررسی شده است تا شناسایی مسیر اصلی این تغییرات جهانی آسان گردد؛ مسیری که خواه ناخواه تأثیرات خود را بر روندهای داخلی نیز خواهد گذاشت. در این جا، با استفاده از روشِ فراتحلیل، یعنی تحلیل و استنتاج منطقی از یافته‌ها و دانش گردآمده در قلمرو دانش جامعه‌شناسی دین- منابع خارجی و داخلی- ویژگی‌ تحولات نوپدید دینی و روند احتمالی آن‌ها شناسایی می‌شود. بخشی از این ویژگی‌ها عبارت‌ هستند از تکثیر گروه‌هایی که غیرجزم‌اندیش و به میزان زیادی، نامنظم و ساختارنایافته هستند، تجربۀ شخصی به عنوان معیار ادعاهای مربوط به حقیقت، تصور دین به عنوان یک نظام خود-بازنگری ، اصل رستگاری یا رهایی بدون واسطه‌گری، عضویت چندگانه، و هدفِ رهاسازی انسان، یا از طریق خودشناسی که شامل ادراک خود به عنوان بخشی از خود جهانی (کلی) است و یا از طریق خود-دگرسازی از راه دگرگون‌سازی جهان، چنانچه در معنویت‌های متعهد وجود دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

It is an imperfect inquiry to study religious changes in contemporary Iran without considering new religious movements in the world. In this essay, the most important characteristics of religious developments in contemporary world are studied from a global perspective in order to recognize the main trend of these changes. Here, using the method of logical analysis of and inference from knowledge gathered in the realm of sociology of religion, the characteristics of new religious movements and their possible trends are identified. Some of these characteristics include: the proliferation of movements that are undogmatic, unregulated and unstructured, personal experience as the measure of truth claims, the notion of religion as a self-revising system, the principle of salvation without intermediaries, multiple membership, and the goal of liberating humanity, either through self-knowledge, which includes understanding the self as part of the universal Self, or through self-transformation through transformation of the world, as in engaged spirituality..

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