مطالعه موانع توسعه سیاسی در ایران با تأکید بر عدم مشارکت نخبگان دانشگاهی (مطالعه موردی: اساتید دانشگاه‌های لارستان)

محورهای موضوعی : جامعه شناسی

مهران عسکری ¹ , بهبود خادمی ² , علی رضا خدامی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترای جامعهشناسی، گرایش جامعه شناسی سیاسی، گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران.ً
2 - استادیار جامعهشناسی، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، واحد نیریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیریز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول). [e-mail]
3 - استادیار جامعهشناسی، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/08/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/11/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/06/01

کلید واژه: مشارکت سیاسی, لارستان, موانع توسعه سیاسی, نخبگان دانشگاهی,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف پژوهش حاضر، مطالعة موانع توسعة سیاسی در ایران با تأکید بر عدم مشارکت نخبگان دانشگاهی (مطالعة موردی: اساتید دانشگاه‌های لارستان) است. این پژوهش برحسب هدف، پژوهشی بنیادی و کاربردی و برحسب داده‌ها، مطالعه‌ای کیفی است که در آن از روش پدیدارشناسی استفاده شده است. در اجرای این پژوهش، اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه گردآوری شد.با بهره‌گیری از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و تکنیک اشباع نظری، آگاهی‌دهندگان کلیدی )20 نفر از استادان) برای شناسایی موانع توسعة سیاسی انتخاب شدند و ابزار استفاده‌شده، مصاحبة نیمه‌ساختمند بود. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از مصاحبه‌های انجام‌شده، با روش تحلیل مضمون صورت گرفت.طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تحلیل مضمون در این پژوهش، ده مضمون پایه حاصل شد: نارسایی فرهنگی و آموزشی، ضعف فرهنگی، کژتابی نگرش افراد به توسعة سیاسی، ضعف اطلاع‌رسانی رسانه‌ها، اشتغال و سیاست‌های اقتصادی ناکارآمد دولت‌ها، احساس محرومیت نسبی، ضعف سرمایة اجتماعی، موانع تاریخی، ضعف جامعة مدنی و عوامل سیاسی. درنهایت، این چهار مضمون سازمان‌دهنده استخراج شد: موانع فرهنگی (نارسایی فرهنگی و آموزشی ، ضعف فرهنگی، کژتابی نگرش افراد به توسعة سیاسی و ضعف اطلاع‌رسانی رسانه‌ها)، موانع ‌اقتصادی (وضعیت اشتغال و سیاست‌های اقتصادی ناکارآمد دولت‌ها )موانع اجتماعی( احساس محرومیت نسبی ، ضعف سرمایة اجتماعی و ضعف جامعه مدنی) و موانع ساختاری (عوامل تاریخی و عوامل سیاسی).

چکیده انگلیسی:

The aim of this study is to investigate the barriers to political development in Iran with emphasis on the lack of participation of academic elites (Case study: professors of Larestan universities). This work is a fundamental and applied research in terms of purpose. Regarding the data, this qualitative study was conducted by using the phenomenological method. In this research, information was collected through interviews. Using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 20 professors) were selected to identify barriers to political development. The tool used was a semi-structured interview. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method.Based on the results of content analysis in this piece of work, ten basic themes include: Cultural and educational failure, distortion of people's attitudes toward development, inadequate media information, employment and inefficient economic policies of governments, feelings of relative deprivation, weak capital Social, historical factors, weakness of civil society, and political factors were obtained. Finally, four organizing themes including cultural barriers (: Cultural and educational failure, distortion of individuals' attitudes toward political development and weakness of media information), Economic barriers (employment situation and inefficient economic policies of governments)and Social barriers (feelings of relative deprivation, weak social capital, and weak civil society) and structural barriers (historical and political factors)

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Akhavan Kazemi & Massoud; Sadeghi, Seyyed Shamsuddin and Ayub Nikonhad (1396). Research process of political development process in contemporary Iran. Quarterly Journal of Parliament and Strategy, Twenty-fifth year, No. 95, pp. 246-209.


2. Akhavan Kazemi, Bahram (2009). Causes of inefficiency of political parties in Iran. Tehran: Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.


3. Al-Yasin, Ahmad (1399), Etiology of underdevelopment of Iran, Tehran - Echo of Saturn.


4. Amini Armaki & Ghulam Hussain (1396). Educated government and obstacles to political development in Iran (2001-2001). Quarterly Journal of International Political Studies, Second Year, No. 4, pp. 150-117.


5. Amini, Ali Akbar (2001). Critique of the book Barriers to Political Development in Iran. Monthly Political-Economic Information Monthly, Nos. 171-172..


6. Badie, Bertrand (2014). Political Development, translated by Ahmad Naqibzadeh, first edition, Tehran: Qoms Publishing.


7. Bashirieh Hossein (2001). Obstacles to Political Development in Iran. Tehran New Step


8. Batamor, T.. B. (1992). Elites and Society, translated by Alireza Tayeb, Tehran: University of Tehran Press.


9. Bigdelo Mehdi & Moradian Mohsen (1391). The relationship between political participation of the people and the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of the Islamic Revolution. First Year, No. 3, pp. 115-87.


10. Chanduk Nira (1998). Civil Society and Government Explorations in Political Theory Translated by Fereydoun Fatemi and Vahid Bozorgi Tehran Markaz Publishing


11. Dabiri Mehr, Amir (1393). Typology of political development studies. Strategy Quarterly, 23rd year, No. 70, pp. 209-179


12. Dahl, Robert A .(1984). Modern Political Analysis . New jersey: Prentice Hall.


13. Danielle N. Lussier، (2016). Constraining Elites in Russia and Indonesia، Cambridge University Press.


14. Douglas Lucas Kivoi (2014). Factors Impeding Political Participation and Representation of Women in Kenya. Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 2, No. 6.


15. Doz, Robert and Lipst, Martin (1373). Political Sociology, translated by Mohammad Hossein Farjad, Tehran: Toos Publishing.


16. Eraj Haidari.(2021) , Obstacles to Political Development in the Post-Tablian.Period in Afghanistan: An Analytical Study, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 10, Issue 9, September 2020825


17. Ezkia, Mustafa & Ahmadrash, Rashid and Hossein Danesh Mehr (1394). Development and new paradigm disputes. Tehran: Kayhan Publications.


18. Fukuyama, f (1999). Social capital and civil society, The institute of public policy, George mason university.


19. Golabi, Fatemeh & Hajiloo, Fataneh (1390). Sociological study of some factors affecting the level of women's political participation. Social Studies and Research, Volume I, Number 1, pp. 200-173.


20. Goodarzi, Mahnaz & Shah Qala, Safiullah and Talib Ebrahimi (1393). Political development and its obstacles in Iran before the Islamic Revolution. Political Science Quarterly, Year 10, Number 26, pp. 118-91.


21. Haidarpour Klidsar, Mohammad et al. (2011). Analysis of cultural barriers to political development in Iran (second Pahlavi era). Journal of Cultural Studies - Communication, Volume 18, Number 4, pp. 32-1


22. Hiwa Khalil.(2016) The Obstacles to Political Development in the Kurdistan Region 1992-2014, Bangor University, Jan 2016


23. Imam Jomehzadeh, Seyed Javad, Monfared, Seyed Qasem (1383). The historical roots of Iran's political underdevelopment (before the Islamic Revolution) from the perspective of liberal and Islamic thinkers. Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science. No. 65, pp. 85-35.


24. Michael Rush (1998). Society and Politics: An Introduction to Political Sociology in Tehran, Fifth Edition, Samat Publications.


25. Panahi, Mohammad Hussein & Bani Fatemeh, Somayeh Sadat (1394). Political culture and women's political participation. Social Science Quarterly, No. 68, pp. 78-35.


26. Putnam R (2000). Social capital: measurement and consequence Kennedy school of government, Harvard University, Http:www.oecd.org/cer/obj.


27. Ramezanpour, Danial &Abdolhmid, Mehdi, Presentation of a Model for Factors Affecting the Participation of Elites in the Process of Formulation of the Public Policymaking of the Islamic Republic of Iran Danial, Public Management Research Twelfth year, number forty-six, winter 1398 Page 67 - 3


28. Rezaei, Ali Akbar & Zohrei, Mohammad Ali (2011). Initiative in planning and evaluating cultural performance. Tehran: Yadavaran.


29. Rezaei, Ali Akbar (1390). Cultural barriers to political development in Iran and the presentation of managerial solutions in this area. Journal of Cultural Management, Fifth Year, Eleventh Issue, pp. 32-35.


30. Reza Gholi, Ali, Sociology of Elitism, Ney Publications.


31. Roche, Gay (1370). Social change. Translation: Mansour Vosoughi, Tehran: Ney Publishing.


32. Zolfi Gol, Mohammad Ali, (2007) The system of elitism and military elitism, Strategic Attitude, March 2007, No. 88, pp. 117-134.


33. Vaccary, C. (2003). The Present and Future of Democracy and Civic Engagement in the Age of Mass Communications Lecture I: Introduction to political participation and mass communications. University of Denver.


34. Vafaei, Khosrow (2014). Political Development and Modern Politics, Quarterly Journal of Political Science, Year 10, Number 29, Pages 75 to 90.


35. Wang J.-H. (2015). Happiness and Social Exclusion of Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan - A Social Sustainability Perspective, PLOS ONE,10 (2).


36. Yazdani Nasab, Mohammad: A Study of the Critical Theory of Elites in the Social Sciences and Its Reconceptualization with Emphasis on Structure, Iranian Journal of Sociology, Volume 16, Number 4, Winter 2015, pp. 93-113


37. Zolfi Gol, Mohammad Ali, (2007) The system of elitism and military elitism, Strategic Attitude, March 2007, No. 88, pp. 117-134