تبیین جامعه شناختی قانون گریزی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن (مورد مطالعه دانشجویان تهرانی)
محورهای موضوعی :
جامعه شناسی
آمنه صدیقیان بیدگلی
1
1 - استادیار هیئت علمی موسسه مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری ( نویسنده مسئول) sedighian@iscs.ac.ir
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/06/02
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/09/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/09/01
کلید واژه:
دانشجویان,
احساس محرومیت نسبی,
دینداری,
قانون‌گریزی,
احساس نابرابری,
چکیده مقاله :
قانون‌گریزی فارغ از میزان بروز و ظهور آن در نگرش‌ها و رفتارهای دانشجویی، قطعاً موضوعی است که نیازمند بررسی جدی است. این پژوهش به دنبال این است که میزان قانون‌گریزی در بین جمعیت موردمطالعه چقدر است و چه عوامل جامعه‌شناختی با قانون‌گریزی رابطه دارند. بدین خاطر، با استفاده از روش پیمایش و ابزار پرسشنامه در نمونه‌ای 400 نفره از دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های وزارت علوم در تهران، به بررسی مسئله پژوهش پرداخته است. یافته‌ها نشان داد میزان قانون‌گریزی در میان دانشجویان تهران در حد متوسط رو به پایین بوده است. درحالی‌که میانگین شاخص‌های کل دینداری، احساس محرومیت نسبی و احساس نابرابری نشان‌دهنده سطح متوسط رو به بالای این شاخص‌ها در میان دانشجویان هستند. نتایج حاکی از این است که رابطه شاخص کل دینداری و تمام ابعادش با قانون‌گریزی نسبتاً ضعیف و معکوس می‌باشد؛ یعنی با افزایش میزان دینداری دانشجویان، میزان قانون‌گریزی آن‌ها کاهش می‌یابد. در مورد متغیر احساس محرومیت نسبی، روابط تنها در بعد فردی احساس محرومیت و قانون‌گریزی معنی‌دار است. در واقع، افزایش بعد فردی احساس محرومیت نسبی همسو با افزایش قانون‌گریزی در میان دانشجویان است و اینکه ارتباط بین احساس نابرابری و قانون‌گریزی، معنی‌دار نبوده است. نهایتاً در مورد متغیرهای زمینه ای نیز، مقاطع تحصیلی و سنین کمتر در معرض آسیب‌پذیری بیشتری قرار داشته‌اند. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن است که سیاست‌گذاری‌ها باید عمدتاً معطوف به مقاطع تحصیلی پایین‌تر و دانشجویان سنین پایین باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Besides the incidence and quantity of law-aversion attitudes and behaviors of university students, definitely it is a problem which necessitatesmore serious consideration. This study seeks to determine the extent of law-aversion among the study population and what sociological factors are related to law-aversion. This research using survey and questionnaire in a sample size as 400 students in Tehran universities examined the variable and affecting factors. The findings showed that the rate of law-aversion among Tehran students is medium to low. While the average of the indicators of total religiosity, feeling of relative deprivation and feeling of inequality indicate an above-average level of these indicators among students. The results indicate that the relationship between the index of total religiosity and all its dimensions with law-aversion is relatively weak and inverse; That is, as students' religiosity increases, so does their law-aversion. Regarding the variable of relative deprivation, relationships are significant only in the individual dimension of deprivation and law-aversion. In fact, the increase in the individual dimension of the feeling of relative deprivation is in line with the increase in law-aversion among students, and that the relationship between feelings of inequality and law-aversion has not been significant. Finally, in the case of contextual variables, educational attainment and younger ages were more vulnerable. The results also suggest that policies should focus mainly on lower education and younger students.
منابع و مأخذ:
Aminbidokhti, A. & Nemati, M. & Zare, M. (2012).The Necessity of Establishing Institutional Research Unit in Iran Islamic Universities. Management in the Islamic University, 1(1).
Asgharzade, S. & Shaygan, F. (2016). A Multifactorial Approach to Illegality. Police Knowledge Journal, 17(69).
Ashayeri, T & Namiyan, F. (2020). Sociological Explanation of Law-breaking among Iranian Citizens: A Meta-Analysis Approach. Majlis & Rahbord, 26(100).
Fakhraei, S. (2007). Studying The Extent Of Obeying The Law And Its Effective Factors In Tabriz. Peyke noor Journal, 5(1).
Fallah Mohsenkhani Z. & Javadi M. (2014). Study of Demographic and Social Changes in Youth Population. Iranian Journal of Official Statistics Studies, 24 (2).
Ferdowsi, T. & Aghapour, M. (2012). Social and Cultural Harms of University Students (With a Focus on Female Students). Woman In Culture And Art (Women's Research), 4(3).
Ferrer, R. (2009). Breaking the Law. When Other Do European Economic. Review: 54, p:163-180.
Gad, Barzilai (2003). Communities and Law, Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities, the University of Michigan Press, Harvard University Press.
Giddens, Anthony (2004) Sociology. Translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, first edition. Tehran: Ney Press.
Helali, F. & Khayati, F. (2012). Assessment Of The Vulnerability Of Tehran University Persons Emphasised AGIL Model. Quarterly Of Order and Security Guards, 5(1 (17)).
Heydari, E. & Parsamehr, M. & Parsamehr, M. (2012). Investigating Sociological Factors Affecting Vandalism (Case study: Ahwaz’s High-school Students). Journal of Applied Sociology, 23(3).
Hezar Jaribi, J. & Safari Shali, R. (2009). Examining On Life Satisfaction And Its Position Of Sense Of Security. Journal of Social Order (Entezam-e-Ejtemaei), 1(3).
Horton, Paul. B & Hunt, Chester l. (1968). Sociology and Society. Published by McGraw- Hill Companies. 635 pages.
Huberts, L. & et al. (2006). Rule-making, rule-breaking? Law breaking by government in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Crime Law Socio Change.Vol. 46.
Kalantari, S. & Rabani, R. & Sedaghat, K. (2005). The Relation between Poverty and Illigality; Construction of Social Pathogens. Social Welfare, 5(18).
Lou Xin, Q. (2008). On Law-abiding and Religion. Journal of Guangxi Youth Leaders
Majlis Research Center (2008). A Review of Youth Status Assessment Indicators (2). Tehran: Office of Cultural Studies, Parliamentary Research Center.
Mirzaei, E. & Ahmadi, Y. & Bokharaei, A. (2017). Law of escape and Social Ties: (Case Study: Ahwaz City). Jame Pazhuhiy Farhangi, 8(3).
Moeedfar, Saeed. (2007). University and the transformation of values. Tehran: Institute of Culture, Art and Communication.
Mohammadi Nikoo, A. & Ali Mohammadi, G. (2013). A survey of the influential factors on lawlessness among citizens of Gorgan. Golestan police science quarterly Journal, 4(14).
Mohseni, R. (2012). The Sociological Analysis of Violation of Law and Solutions for Legalism and Public Order. Quarterly Of Order and Security Guards, 5(1 (17)).
Mokhtari, M. & Ghahremani, M. (2011). Social factors affecting the possibility of lawlessness in administrative relations (Case study: Citizens over 18 years of age in Shiraz). Quarterly Journal of the Social-Cultural Strategy, 1(1).
National Center for Social Monitoring of the Social Council of the country (2015), the situation of social problems and issues in the whole country. Tehran: National Center for Social Monitoring of the Social Council of the country.
National Center for Social Monitoring of the Social Council of the country (2015), measuring the social capital of the country. Tehran: National Center for Social Monitoring of the Social Council of the country.
National Survey of Students' Attitudes and Behavior (2015), Research Institute for Cultural and Social Studies, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.
Office of National Plans of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (2002), Values and Attitudes of Iranians (First and Second Wave). Tehran: Office of National Plans of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
Pirahari Nir (2020). Investigating the Relationship between Cultural and Social Factors with Unlawfulness in Semnan. Journal of Social Order (Entezam-e-Ejtemaei), 12 (1).
Rafiei, H. & Madani-GHahfarokhi, S. & Vameghi, M. (2008). Priorities of Social Problems in Iran. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 9(1, 2).
Rafiepour, Faramarz (1999). From Disruption or Social Chaos, a research on the potential of disruption in Tehran. Tehran: Soroush.
Rezaei, M. & Ebadelahi, H. (2006). Indisciplinery Socity Metaanalysis of Law Disobedience in Iran. National Studies, 7(3 (27)).
Rezaei, M. (2005). The degree And Type of Factors Affecring Law Evasion. Irainian Journal of Sociology (ISA), 6(3).
Salehi, Mostafa (1999), Factors and Obstacles of Legalism. Quarterly Journal of the General Culture Council of Islamic Guidance, No. 2-21.
Sedigh Sarvestani, R.A. (2010). Social Pathology (Sociology of Social Deviations), Tehran: Samat Publications.
Sedighian Bidgoli, Amene (2018). Research project on social Problems of student life in Iran. Tehran: Institute of Social and cultural Studies, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.
Soltani Bahram, S. & Rezaei, S. & Ghaderi, A. (2014). Investigating the Relationship between Illegalities. East Police Azarbaijan science, 4(12).
Sotudeh, Hedayatollah. (2001).Cultural Social Pathology of Women (Sociology of Deviance). Tehran: Avaye- No press.
The Office of Consultation and Health of the Organization of university student’s affairs (2015). Evaluation of the appearance of student’s life. Tehran: The Office of Consultation and Health of the Organization of university student’s affairs Of the Ministry of Science, Researches and Technology.
Thorbecke, E; Charumilind, Chutatong (2002); Economic Inequality and Its Socioeconomic Impact; World Development Vol. 30, No. 9.
Vahedi, S. & Badri, R. & Mesrabadi, J. (2009). Analysis of Effective Factors on Legality (Case Study: Citizen's of West Azerbayejan Province). Journal of Social Order (Entezam-e-Ejtemaei), 1(2).
Wang Xiao show and Shang (2010). An Analysis of Psychological Factors of Law-abiding Behavior. Journal of Hubei University (Philosophy and Social Science).
WJP (2016).Transparency International. from http://www.transparency.org
Yousofi, Ali, Akbari, Hossein. (2011). A sociological thinking about identifying and determining priotity of social problems in Iran. Social Problems of Iran (Journal of Kharazmi University), 2 (1).
Zarei, Behzad. (2009). the role of socio-economic and cultural factors affecting lawlessness (Case study: Ilam urban society). Master Thesis in Sociology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz.
_||_
Aminbidokhti, A. & Nemati, M. & Zare, M. (2012).The Necessity of Establishing Institutional Research Unit in Iran Islamic Universities. Management in the Islamic University, 1(1).
Asgharzade, S. & Shaygan, F. (2016). A Multifactorial Approach to Illegality. Police Knowledge Journal, 17(69).
Ashayeri, T & Namiyan, F. (2020). Sociological Explanation of Law-breaking among Iranian Citizens: A Meta-Analysis Approach. Majlis & Rahbord, 26(100).
Fakhraei, S. (2007). Studying The Extent Of Obeying The Law And Its Effective Factors In Tabriz. Peyke noor Journal, 5(1).
Fallah Mohsenkhani Z. & Javadi M. (2014). Study of Demographic and Social Changes in Youth Population. Iranian Journal of Official Statistics Studies, 24 (2).
Ferdowsi, T. & Aghapour, M. (2012). Social and Cultural Harms of University Students (With a Focus on Female Students). Woman In Culture And Art (Women's Research), 4(3).
Ferrer, R. (2009). Breaking the Law. When Other Do European Economic. Review: 54, p:163-180.
Gad, Barzilai (2003). Communities and Law, Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities, the University of Michigan Press, Harvard University Press.
Giddens, Anthony (2004) Sociology. Translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, first edition. Tehran: Ney Press.
Helali, F. & Khayati, F. (2012). Assessment Of The Vulnerability Of Tehran University Persons Emphasised AGIL Model. Quarterly Of Order and Security Guards, 5(1 (17)).
Heydari, E. & Parsamehr, M. & Parsamehr, M. (2012). Investigating Sociological Factors Affecting Vandalism (Case study: Ahwaz’s High-school Students). Journal of Applied Sociology, 23(3).
Hezar Jaribi, J. & Safari Shali, R. (2009). Examining On Life Satisfaction And Its Position Of Sense Of Security. Journal of Social Order (Entezam-e-Ejtemaei), 1(3).
Horton, Paul. B & Hunt, Chester l. (1968). Sociology and Society. Published by McGraw- Hill Companies. 635 pages.
Huberts, L. & et al. (2006). Rule-making, rule-breaking? Law breaking by government in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Crime Law Socio Change.Vol. 46.
Kalantari, S. & Rabani, R. & Sedaghat, K. (2005). The Relation between Poverty and Illigality; Construction of Social Pathogens. Social Welfare, 5(18).
Lou Xin, Q. (2008). On Law-abiding and Religion. Journal of Guangxi Youth Leaders
Majlis Research Center (2008). A Review of Youth Status Assessment Indicators (2). Tehran: Office of Cultural Studies, Parliamentary Research Center.
Mirzaei, E. & Ahmadi, Y. & Bokharaei, A. (2017). Law of escape and Social Ties: (Case Study: Ahwaz City). Jame Pazhuhiy Farhangi, 8(3).
Moeedfar, Saeed. (2007). University and the transformation of values. Tehran: Institute of Culture, Art and Communication.
Mohammadi Nikoo, A. & Ali Mohammadi, G. (2013). A survey of the influential factors on lawlessness among citizens of Gorgan. Golestan police science quarterly Journal, 4(14).
Mohseni, R. (2012). The Sociological Analysis of Violation of Law and Solutions for Legalism and Public Order. Quarterly Of Order and Security Guards, 5(1 (17)).
Mokhtari, M. & Ghahremani, M. (2011). Social factors affecting the possibility of lawlessness in administrative relations (Case study: Citizens over 18 years of age in Shiraz). Quarterly Journal of the Social-Cultural Strategy, 1(1).
National Center for Social Monitoring of the Social Council of the country (2015), the situation of social problems and issues in the whole country. Tehran: National Center for Social Monitoring of the Social Council of the country.
National Center for Social Monitoring of the Social Council of the country (2015), measuring the social capital of the country. Tehran: National Center for Social Monitoring of the Social Council of the country.
National Survey of Students' Attitudes and Behavior (2015), Research Institute for Cultural and Social Studies, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.
Office of National Plans of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (2002), Values and Attitudes of Iranians (First and Second Wave). Tehran: Office of National Plans of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
Pirahari Nir (2020). Investigating the Relationship between Cultural and Social Factors with Unlawfulness in Semnan. Journal of Social Order (Entezam-e-Ejtemaei), 12 (1).
Rafiei, H. & Madani-GHahfarokhi, S. & Vameghi, M. (2008). Priorities of Social Problems in Iran. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 9(1, 2).
Rafiepour, Faramarz (1999). From Disruption or Social Chaos, a research on the potential of disruption in Tehran. Tehran: Soroush.
Rezaei, M. & Ebadelahi, H. (2006). Indisciplinery Socity Metaanalysis of Law Disobedience in Iran. National Studies, 7(3 (27)).
Rezaei, M. (2005). The degree And Type of Factors Affecring Law Evasion. Irainian Journal of Sociology (ISA), 6(3).
Salehi, Mostafa (1999), Factors and Obstacles of Legalism. Quarterly Journal of the General Culture Council of Islamic Guidance, No. 2-21.
Sedigh Sarvestani, R.A. (2010). Social Pathology (Sociology of Social Deviations), Tehran: Samat Publications.
Sedighian Bidgoli, Amene (2018). Research project on social Problems of student life in Iran. Tehran: Institute of Social and cultural Studies, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.
Soltani Bahram, S. & Rezaei, S. & Ghaderi, A. (2014). Investigating the Relationship between Illegalities. East Police Azarbaijan science, 4(12).
Sotudeh, Hedayatollah. (2001).Cultural Social Pathology of Women (Sociology of Deviance). Tehran: Avaye- No press.
The Office of Consultation and Health of the Organization of university student’s affairs (2015). Evaluation of the appearance of student’s life. Tehran: The Office of Consultation and Health of the Organization of university student’s affairs Of the Ministry of Science, Researches and Technology.
Thorbecke, E; Charumilind, Chutatong (2002); Economic Inequality and Its Socioeconomic Impact; World Development Vol. 30, No. 9.
Vahedi, S. & Badri, R. & Mesrabadi, J. (2009). Analysis of Effective Factors on Legality (Case Study: Citizen's of West Azerbayejan Province). Journal of Social Order (Entezam-e-Ejtemaei), 1(2).
Wang Xiao show and Shang (2010). An Analysis of Psychological Factors of Law-abiding Behavior. Journal of Hubei University (Philosophy and Social Science).
WJP (2016).Transparency International. from http://www.transparency.org
Yousofi, Ali, Akbari, Hossein. (2011). A sociological thinking about identifying and determining priotity of social problems in Iran. Social Problems of Iran (Journal of Kharazmi University), 2 (1).
Zarei, Behzad. (2009). the role of socio-economic and cultural factors affecting lawlessness (Case study: Ilam urban society). Master Thesis in Sociology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz.
