هیومات پتاسیم عاملی برای کاهش زوال بذر گندم
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
علی تمجید
1
(گروه زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل،ایران)
رضا شهریاری
2
(واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل،ایران)
کلید واژه: جوانه‌زنی, ارقام گندم, هیومیک اسید, پیری تسریع شده,
چکیده مقاله :
بذرها در طول دوره انبارداری، زوال می یابند. تیمار کردن بذر با هیومیک اسید تغییرات متابولیک و بیوشیمیایی در بذر به وجود آورده، جوانه زنی و سبز شدن را تسریع می کند. این تحقیق به منظور ارزیابی اثر پیش‌تیمار کردن بذرها با هیومات پتاسیم بر زوال بذر ارقام گندم در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه‌ای اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام یافت. هیومات پتاسیم در سه سطح شاهد، 1 و 2 در هزار؛ ارقام گندم شامل شیرودی، دریا، چمران و مروارید؛ و زمان های حرارت دهی شامل صفر، 48، 72، 144 و 96 ساعت فاکتورهای آزمایش بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده رقم و اثر متقابل سطوح هیومات پتاسیم × زمان های حرارت‌دهی بر طول ساقه چه، اثر ساده زمان های حرارت‌دهی و اثر متقابل سطوح هیومات پتاسیم × ارقام بر درصد جوانه زنی و اثر متقابل سطوح هیومات پتاسیم×ارقام×زمان های حرارت‌دهی بر طول ریشه چه، وزن خشک ساقه چه، وزن خشک ریشه های جنینی و وزن خشک گیاهچه معنی دار بود. پیش تیمار بذور به میزان دو در هزار با هیومات پتاسیم باعث تولید طویل ترین ریشه چه ها در ارقام شیرودی، دریا، مروارید و چمران؛ به ترتیب با 72، 72، 144 و 96 ساعت حرارت دهی گردید. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه های جنینی را ارقام شیرودی و چمران، به ترتیب با 48 و 72 ساعت حرارت دهی با مصرف دو در هزار هیومات پتاسیم به وجود آوردند. مصرف یک در هزار هیومات پتاسیم باعث شد بیشترین وزن خشک گیاهچه به ترتیب با 48، 72 ساعت و عدم حرارت دهی در ارقام شیرودی، دریا و مروارید به وجود آید. نتیجه گرفته شد که ارقام مختلف این تحقیق در زمان های مختلف حرارت دهی، پاسخ های متفاوتی به تیمارکردن با هیومات پتاسیم نشان می دهند. در نهایت مشخص گردید که افزایش زمان حرارت دهی، ویژگی های گندم را در مراحل اولیه رشد تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد و تیمار بذر با هیومات پتاسیم می تواند در کاهش زوال بذر تاثیرگذار باشد.
Seeds could be deteriorated during storage. Treatment of seeds by humic acid induces metabolic and biochemical changes which accelerate seed germination and its emergence. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment potassium humate on its deterioration under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in a 5 × 4 × 3 factorial experiment using completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors were three levels of potassium humate (control, one and two parts per 1000 potassium humate), four wheat varieties (Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran) and five heating times (zero, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours). Results showed significant differences in simple effect of variety and effect of potassium humate × heating times for shoot length; simple effect of heating times and effect of potassium humate × varieties for germination percent; effect of potassium humate × varieties × heating times for radicle length, shoot dry weight, seminal roots dry weight and seedling dry weight. Pretreatment of seeds by using 2/1000 potassium humate produced × longest radicle roots in Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran respectively with 72, 72, 144 and 96 hours heating times. The highest root dry weight was produced by 2/1000 potassium humate and 48 and 72 hours of heating times on Shirodi and Chamran, respectively. Application of 1/1000 of potassium humate produced the highest seedling dry weight in Shirodi, Darya and Morvarid with 48, 72 hours of heating times and without heating, respectively. Results also revealed that different varieties responded differently to potassium humate treatment at different heating times. It can be concluded that longer heating durations affected wheat characters at early growth stages and pretreatment of seeds by potassium humate can decrease seed deterioration.
Abdolrahmani. B., M. Esfahani, and B. Sadegzadeh. 2013. Evaluation of relationship between seed vigor and grain yield in rainfed wheat genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(4): 308-319. (In Persian).
AjamNorouzi, H., A. Soltani, and A.A. Norinia. 2009. Evaluation of effects of seed size and seed deterioration on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat. Journal on Plant Science Researches. 14(2): 53-60. (In Persian).
Ali, H., Y. Akbar, A. Razaq, and D. Muhammad. 2014. Effect of humic acid on root elongation and percent seed germination of wheat seeds. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 4(1): 196-201.
Basra, S.M.A., M. Farooq, R. Tabassum, and N. Ahmad. 2005. Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Science and Technology. 33:623-628.
Cangi, R., C. Tarakcioglu, and H. Yasar. 2006. Effect of humic acid applications on yield, fruit characteristics and nutrient uptake in Ercis grape (V. vinifera L.) cultivar. Asian Journal Chemistry. 18: 1493-499.
Gorbani, S., M. Khaje hosseini, and A. Ashii rezaii. 2013. Effect of pretreatment of humic acid on germination and early seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Agronomy and Plant Breeding Journal. 9(3): 37-43. (In Persian).
Hakan, C., A. Vahap Katkat, B. Bulent Asık, and M.A. Turan. 2011. Effect of foliar-applied humic acid to dry weight and mineral nutrient uptake of maize under calcareous soil conditions communications. Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 42(1): 29 - 38.
Karimi, M.M., and K. H. M. Siddigue. 2011. Crop growth and relative growth rate of old and modern wheat cultivars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 42: 13-20.
Khazaei, H.R., A. Nezami, E. Eyshi Rezaei, A.H. Saeidnejad, and F. Pouramir. 2012. Evaluation of the effect of humic substance types and concentrations on germination and seedling properties of two triticale (Triticosecale hexaploide Lart.) varieties. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(1):33-42. (In Persian).
Mohammad, A., and M. Rafiei. 2011. The effect of different concentrations of humic acid on seed germination behavior and vigor of barley. Journal of Basic and Applied Science. 5(12): 610-613.
Mohssen nasab, F., M, Sharafi zadeh, and A. Siadat. 2010. Study the effect of aging acceleration test on germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars in controlled conditions (in vitro). 3-2 (7):59-71. (In Persian).
Mondani, F., Sh. Riahinia, and M. Khaje hoseini. 2012. Evaluation of storage conditions effect and seed size on germination properties and vigour of different wheat cultivar. Seed Research (Journal of Seed Science and Technology). 2(1): 14-24. (In Persian).
Muscolo, A., F. Bavolo, F. Gionfriddo, and S. Nardi. 1999. Earthworm Humic matter produced auxin-like effects on Daucus carota cell growth and nitrate metabolism. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 31: 1303-1311.
Naseri, R., M. Barari, M.J. Zarea, K. Khavazi, and Z. Tahmasebi. 2016. Studying morphological characteristics of seminal and adventitious root systems of durum and bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology.10(2): 477-492.
Patil, R.B., S.S. Mokle, and S.S. Wadje. 2010. Effect of potassium humate on seed germination, seedlinggrowth and vegetative characters of (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Lokvan. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 1(1): 1-5.
Soltani, A., B. Kamkar, S. Galeshi, and F. Akram Ghaderi. 2008. Effect of seed storage on resource depletion and heteroterophic growth of wheat seedling. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science. 15: 229-259.
Szczepanek, M., and E. Wilczewski. 2011. Effect of humic substances on germinationof wheat and barley under laboratoryconditions. Acta Science Agricultura. 10(1): 79-86.
Tan, K.H. 2003. Humic Matter in Soil and the Environment. Marcel Dekker. New York.
Tufail, M., Kh. Nawaz, and M. Usman. 2014. Impact of Humicacid on the Morphology and Yeild of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). World Applied Sciences Journal. 30(4): 475-480.
Yildirim, E. 2007. Foliar and soil fertilization of humic acid affect productivity and quality of tomato. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Soil and Plant Sciences. 57(2): 182-186.
_||_Abdolrahmani. B., M. Esfahani, and B. Sadegzadeh. 2013. Evaluation of relationship between seed vigor and grain yield in rainfed wheat genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(4): 308-319. (In Persian).
AjamNorouzi, H., A. Soltani, and A.A. Norinia. 2009. Evaluation of effects of seed size and seed deterioration on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat. Journal on Plant Science Researches. 14(2): 53-60. (In Persian).
Ali, H., Y. Akbar, A. Razaq, and D. Muhammad. 2014. Effect of humic acid on root elongation and percent seed germination of wheat seeds. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 4(1): 196-201.
Basra, S.M.A., M. Farooq, R. Tabassum, and N. Ahmad. 2005. Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Science and Technology. 33:623-628.
Cangi, R., C. Tarakcioglu, and H. Yasar. 2006. Effect of humic acid applications on yield, fruit characteristics and nutrient uptake in Ercis grape (V. vinifera L.) cultivar. Asian Journal Chemistry. 18: 1493-499.
Gorbani, S., M. Khaje hosseini, and A. Ashii rezaii. 2013. Effect of pretreatment of humic acid on germination and early seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Agronomy and Plant Breeding Journal. 9(3): 37-43. (In Persian).
Hakan, C., A. Vahap Katkat, B. Bulent Asık, and M.A. Turan. 2011. Effect of foliar-applied humic acid to dry weight and mineral nutrient uptake of maize under calcareous soil conditions communications. Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 42(1): 29 - 38.
Karimi, M.M., and K. H. M. Siddigue. 2011. Crop growth and relative growth rate of old and modern wheat cultivars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 42: 13-20.
Khazaei, H.R., A. Nezami, E. Eyshi Rezaei, A.H. Saeidnejad, and F. Pouramir. 2012. Evaluation of the effect of humic substance types and concentrations on germination and seedling properties of two triticale (Triticosecale hexaploide Lart.) varieties. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(1):33-42. (In Persian).
Mohammad, A., and M. Rafiei. 2011. The effect of different concentrations of humic acid on seed germination behavior and vigor of barley. Journal of Basic and Applied Science. 5(12): 610-613.
Mohssen nasab, F., M, Sharafi zadeh, and A. Siadat. 2010. Study the effect of aging acceleration test on germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars in controlled conditions (in vitro). 3-2 (7):59-71. (In Persian).
Mondani, F., Sh. Riahinia, and M. Khaje hoseini. 2012. Evaluation of storage conditions effect and seed size on germination properties and vigour of different wheat cultivar. Seed Research (Journal of Seed Science and Technology). 2(1): 14-24. (In Persian).
Muscolo, A., F. Bavolo, F. Gionfriddo, and S. Nardi. 1999. Earthworm Humic matter produced auxin-like effects on Daucus carota cell growth and nitrate metabolism. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 31: 1303-1311.
Naseri, R., M. Barari, M.J. Zarea, K. Khavazi, and Z. Tahmasebi. 2016. Studying morphological characteristics of seminal and adventitious root systems of durum and bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology.10(2): 477-492.
Patil, R.B., S.S. Mokle, and S.S. Wadje. 2010. Effect of potassium humate on seed germination, seedlinggrowth and vegetative characters of (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Lokvan. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 1(1): 1-5.
Soltani, A., B. Kamkar, S. Galeshi, and F. Akram Ghaderi. 2008. Effect of seed storage on resource depletion and heteroterophic growth of wheat seedling. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science. 15: 229-259.
Szczepanek, M., and E. Wilczewski. 2011. Effect of humic substances on germinationof wheat and barley under laboratoryconditions. Acta Science Agricultura. 10(1): 79-86.
Tan, K.H. 2003. Humic Matter in Soil and the Environment. Marcel Dekker. New York.
Tufail, M., Kh. Nawaz, and M. Usman. 2014. Impact of Humicacid on the Morphology and Yeild of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). World Applied Sciences Journal. 30(4): 475-480.
Yildirim, E. 2007. Foliar and soil fertilization of humic acid affect productivity and quality of tomato. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Soil and Plant Sciences. 57(2): 182-186.
