تجزیه به عامل ها، پارامتر ارزش پایداریAMMI و روش گرافیکی GGE Bi-plot صفات کمّی و کیفی ژنوتیپ های سیب زمینی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیداود حسن پناه 1 , حسن حسن آبادی 2 , امیراصلان حسین زاده 3 , بیتا سهیلی 4 , رئوف محمدی 5
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کلید واژه: Solanum tuberosum, پایداری عملکرد, تجزیه به عامل ها, روش AMMI, GGE Bi-plot,
چکیده مقاله :
صفات کمّی و کیفی و پایداری عملکرد غده قابل فروش 14 کلون امیدبخش سیب زمینی همراه با سه رقم تجاری (آگریا، مارفونا و ساوالان) به عنوان شاهد طی آزمایشی براساس طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل در سال های 1392 و 1393 ارزیابی شدند. در طی دوره رشد و پس از برداشت، صفاتی مثل تعداد ساقه اصلی در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد و وزن غده در بوته، عملکرد کل غده و قابل فروش، درصد ماده خشک، تیپ پخت، حفره‌ای شدن مرکز غده، زنگ داخلی غده و تغییر رنگ گوشت غده خام پس از 24 ساعت اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب صفات کمّی مورد ارزیابی نشان داد که بین کلون های امیدبخش از لحاظ صفات عملکرد غده کل و قابل فروش، تعداد و وزن غده در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، متوسط وزن غده، تعداد ساقه اصلی در بوته و درصد ماده خشک و بین برهم کنش کلون × سال از لحاظ صفات عملکرد غده کل و قابل فروش اختلاف معنی دار مشاهده شد. کلون 9 (3-397078) با کمترین مقدار عملکرد غده قابل فروش با کلون های 4 (13-397045)، 1 (16-397031)، 3 (11-397031)، 6 (8-397009) و 12 (6-397067) در سال 1392 و با کلون 4 (13-397045) و رقم آگریا در سال 1393 اختلاف معنی دار نشان داد. کلون های 4 (13-397045)، 1 (16-397031) و 12 (6-397067) دارای غده های یکنواخت، رنگ پوست زرد تا زرد تیره، رنگ گوشت زرد روشن تا زرد، شکل غده گرد تخم مرغی و گرد، عمق چشم سطحی تا متوسط، بدون زنگ، حفره و شکاف داخل غده، رسیدگی متوسط دیررس بودند و برای مصارف چیپس، خلال و سرخ کردنی انتخاب شدند. براساس نتایج تجزیه به عامل ها، "عملکرد غده"، "تعداد غده" و "ساختار بوته و صفات کیفی" به ترتیب به عنوان عوامل اول، دوم و سوم نام گذاری شدند. در این آزمایش، مدل GGE Bi-plot و پارامتر ارزش پایداریAMMI (ASV)، روش های مناسب برای گزینش همزمان عملکرد غده قابل فروش و پایداری بودند و توانستند کلون های 1 (16-397031)، 3 (11-397031)، 4 (13-397045) و 12 (6-397067) را به عنوان کلون های پایدار با عملکرد غده قابل فروش بالا انتخاب نماید.
Quantitative and qualitative traits and stability of marketable tuber yield of 14 promising potato clones, along with three commercial cultivars (Agria, Marfona and Savalan) as checks, were evaluated at the Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station during 2013 and 2014. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. During growing period and after harvest, traits like main stem number per plant, plant height, tuber number and weight per plant, total and marketable tuber yield, dry matter percentage, baking type, hollow heart, tuber inner ring and discoloration of raw tuber flesh after 24 hours were measured. Combined ANONA for quantitative traits showed that there were significant differences among promising clones as to total and marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, plant height, tuber mean weight, main stem number per plant and dry matter percentage and their interactions with year in total and marketable tuber yield. The clone 9 (397078-3) with the least amount of marketable tuber yield had significant difference with clones 4 (397045-13), 1 (397031-16), 3 (397031-11), 6 (397009-8) and 12 (397067-6) in 2013 and with clone 4 (397045-13) and Agria cultivar in 2014. The clones 4(397045-13), 1 (397031-16) and 12 (397067-6) had uniform tuber, yellow to dark-yellow skin and light-yellow to yellow flesh color, tuber shape of oval round and round, shallow to mid shallow eyes, no tuber inner ring, hollow heart and tuber inner crack and mid-late maturity. They were selected for home consumption of chips, french-fries and frying. Based on the results of factor analysis, "tuber yield", "number of tuber" and "plant structural and quality "were named as first, second and third quality determining factors respectively. In this experiment, GGE Bi-plot model and AMMI Stability Value (ASV) parameter, were acceptable methods for the selection of marketable tuber yield stability which found to be simultaneously could introduce clones 1 (397031-16), 3 (397031-11), 4 (397045-13) and 12 (397067-6) to be selected as stable clones with high marketable tuber yield.
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