تاثیر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد و تغییرات صفات مرتبط با بذور حاصل از چین های مختلف پنبه رقم ورامین
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
عباس ابهری
1
(
استادیار دانشگاه پیام نور، گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
)
اسماعیل قلی نژاد
2
(
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور
)
علی راحمی کاریزکی
3
(
استادیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
)
کلید واژه: چین, آزمون جوانه زنی استاندارد, آزمون جوانه زنی سرما, گیاهچه طبیعی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و چین بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد وش، جوانه زنی و قدرت بذر پنبه رقم ورامین بود. بدین منظور آزمایشی به صورت طرح کرت های خرد شده در زمان در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزارع پنبه کیذور واقع در شهرستان سبزوار در سال 1392 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار تاریخ کاشت (18 و 30 اردیبهشت و 12 و 24 خرداد) و دو چین (تاریخ برداشت چین اول مربوط به تاریخ کاشت اول تا چهارم به ترتیب 1 مهر ماه، 7 مهر ماه، 22 مهر ماه و 5 آبان ماه و تاریخ برداشت چین دوم مربوط به تاریخ کاشت اول تا چهارم به ترتیب 15 مهر ماه، 20 مهر ماه، 2 آبان ماه و 20 آبان ماه) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تاریخ کاشت، چین و اثر متقابل آنها روی صفات عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد غوزه در هر بوته، متوسط وزن هر بوته، تعداد و وزن خشک گیاهچه های طبیعی، درصد جوانه زنی، طول وش و هدایت الکتریکی معنی دار بود. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار عملکرد وش به ترتیب از چین اول تاریخ کاشت اول (3693.3 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و چین دوم حاصل از تاریخ کاشت چهارم (1023 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به دست آمدند. تعداد گیاهچه های عادی و وزن خشک گیاهچه های عادی در جوانه زنی استاندارد با تأخیر در کاشت از روند خاصی پیروی نکرد، ولی تعداد گیاهچه های عادی حاصل از جوانه زنی سرما در چین اول با تأخیر در کاشت، به صورت خطی کاهش یافت. تعداد گیاهچه های عادی دمای متناوب (به مدت یک هفته در دمای 18 درجه و سپس یک هفته در دمای 28 درجه سلسیوس) نیز به استثنای تاریخ کاشت اول، کاهش یافت. نتایج نشان داد با تأخیر در کاشت (در محدوده آزمایش)، قدرت بذر کاهش یافت. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق می توان چین اول مربوط به تاریخ کاشت اول (18 اردیبهشت) را برای کاشت رقم ورامین در منطقه مورد مطالعه جهت تولید محصول وش در نظر گرفت ولی برای بذرگیری و تولید بذر، چین اول مربوط به تاریخ کاشت دوم (30 اردیبهشت) می تواند مورد توجه باشد.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing and picking dates on lint yield and its component, germination and seed vigor of Varamin cultivar of cotton. To this end, experiments were carried out as split-plot in time based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the cotton fields of Kizor in Sabzvar in 2013. Treatments were four sowing dates (May 8, May 20, Jun 2 and Jun 14 of 2013) and two picking dates (the harvest date of first picking for first to fourth planting dates were September23, September29, October 14 and October 27. The harvest dates of second picking for first to fourth planting dates were October 7, October 12, October 24 and November 11). Standard germination and cool germination tests for different temperatures were also performed. 1000-seed weight, number of normal seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings were measured. Results showed that the effect of planting date, picking and their interaction effects on lint yield, seed thousand weight, number of bolls per plant, single plant weight, number of normal seedlings, dry weight of normal seedlings, germination percent, lint length and electrical conductivity were found to be significant. Highest (3693.3 kg.ha-1) and lowest (1023.00 kg.ha-1) lint yields obtained from the first picking of first planting and second picking of fourth planting, respectively. The number of normal seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings didn’t follow a special process in standard germination test, but the number of normal seedlings produced from cool germination test of first picking with delay in sowing date was decreased in a linear form. The number of normal seedlings from alternate temperatures (one week in 18°C and the other week in 28°C) “except the first sowing date” was decreased. Results showed that by delaying sowing date (at the range of this study) seed vigor decreased. According to the results of this research, the first planting date (May 8) could be recommeded for growing Varamin cultivar for higher lint yield to this region. But, for seed production, the first picking of second planting date (May 20) is recommended.
·Akram Ghaderi, F., N. Latifi, A. Kornegadi, and J. Rezear. 2002. The effects of environmental conditions during seed filling on subsequent germination and seedling growth in cotton. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 9(3): 59-70. (In Persian).
· Atarodi H., H. Irannezhad, A.H. Shirani Rad, R. Amiri and Gh.A. Akbari. 2011. Evaluation of drought stress and sowing date governing the native plant on electrical conductivity the resultant of its seeds. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(2): 242-247. (In Persian).
· Awan, H., I. Awan, M. Mansoor, E.A. Khan, and M. Anwar Khan. 2011. Effect of sowing time and plant spacing on fiber quality and seed cotton yield. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 27 (3): 411-413.
·Barradas, G., and R.J. López-Bellido. 2007. Seed weight, seed vigor index and field emergence in six upland cotton cultivars. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. 5: 116-121.
·Barzali, M. 2015. Effects of harvesting time and vertical distribution of bolls on some traits of germination and vigor seed and field emergence of cotton seedling in Sahel. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Technology. 4(2): 1-12. (In Persian).
·Edmisten, K. 2013. Cotton seed quality and planting decision. Technical Report. p. 206. North Carolina State University, U.S.A.
·Faramarzi, A., S. Seyedein, N. Mohebalipour, and Sh. Shahrokhi. 2012. The effect of sowing date on yield and yield components of three cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Miyaneh region. Journal of Research in Agronomy Sciences. 4(16): 27-38.
·Frasat, S., A. Shehzad Kang, and M. Amin. 2014. Performance of genotypes at different sowing dates on yield and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 7(5): 274-278.
·Ghajari, A., H. Biani, and S. Soltani. 2012. Determination of the best suitable planting date hybrid cotton varieties. Book of Abstracts of the 1th International Science, Industry and Trade of Cotton. Gorgan. Iran. (In Persian).
Hakoomat A., A. Muhammad Naveed, A. Shakeel, and M. Dilbaugh. 2009. Effect of cultivars and sowing dates on yield and quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. crop. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment. 7 (3&4): 244-247.
·Hamidi, A., and N. Kari Haftcheshmeh. 2014. Effect of germination and seedling vigor of emergence, yield and some characteristics of the varieties of cotton merchants. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 2(1): 9-24. (In Persian).
Anonymous. 1995. ISTA, International Seed Testing Association. Hand book of vigor test methods.
·Anonymous. 2009. ISTA, International rules for seed testing, supplement to seed. Science Technology. 27: 1-334.
·Kaleri, G.A., A.A. Kaleri, S.Y. Rajput, A.A. Kaleri, J.A. Marri, M.K. Kaleri, N.H. Kaleri, M.H. Kaleri, and G.A. Bughti. 2015. To evaluate the effects of sowing dates cum varietal study of different cotton genotypes, (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 8(12): 46-51.
·Khojepour, M.R. 2000. General agronomy. Jahad Daneshghahi Publication. Isfahan Industry University. 386 p. (In Persian).
·Kocheki, A. 2001. Agriculture in drought area. Mashhad Jahad Daneshgahi. 202 p. (In Persian).
·Krzyzanowski, F.C., and J.C. Delouche. 2011. Germination of cotton seed in relation to temperature. Revista Brasileira de Sementes. 33: 543-548.
·Miri, A.A., M. Azizi, F. Ghaderifar, and J. Rezaie. 2010. Effect of planting date and germination of undelinted and delinted seed of cotton cultivars on seedling establishment and yield. Electronic Journal of Cotton and Fibre Crops. 1(1): 31-46.
· Mohamed, K.A., S. Osman Yagoub, A. Elsalam kamal Abd Elsalam, and A. Ibrahim Abuali. 2016. Response of sowing dates, cultivars and nitrogen application on growth, yield and oil contents of cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth at Nuba Mountain. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. 3(5): 351-357.
·Mozaffari, A. 2014. Cotton production in Iran. Annual Report of Iranian Cotton Producer’s Corporation. Available on: http://tnews.ir
·Naderi Arefi, A., and M. Abedini Esfahlani. 2014. Effect of planting date and final irrigation on cotton yield at Garmsar condition. Crops Improvement. 15(3): 201-211. (In Persian)
·Najafi Navaye, H., A. Nouri Nia, H. Gholami Tileh Bani, and H. Eslami. 2015. The effect of seed loss on emergence and the level of peroxidation of sunflower oil under conditions of drought stress and salinity. Iranian Journal of Seed Oil. 4(1): 46-33. (In Persian).
·Nemati, N. 2000. New topics in cotton farming. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 3(2): 2-10. (In Persian).
·Panjeh Koub, A., S. Galeshi, E. Zeinali, and A.GH. GHajari. 2008. Effect of planting date and plant density on morphological characteristics of cotton Sai Akra cultivar. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. 14(5): 25-38. (In Persian).
·Pettigrew, W.R., and W.R. Meredith. 2009. Seed quality and planting date effects on cotton lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality. Journal of Cotton Science. 13:37–47.
·Pushp, S., V. Sardana, and S. Singh Kandhola. 2013. Effect of sowing date and harvesting dates on germination and seedling vigor on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars. Research Journal of Seed Science. 6(1): 1-15.
·Rahchamandi, H., M.A. Aboutalebian, G. Ahmadvand, and A. Jahedi. 2011. Effects of on-farm seed priming and sowing date on yield and yield components of three soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.) in Hamedan. Plant Products Technology. 10(2): 17-29. (In Persian).
·Rahman, M.M., and M.M. Hossain. 2013. Effect of sowing date on germination and vigour of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) seeds. Scientific Journal of Krishi Foundation. 11 (1): 67-75.
·Ruan, Y.L. 2013. Boosting seed development as a new strategy to increase cotton fiber yield and quality. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 55: 572-575.
·Sayed Sharifi, R., and E. Gholinezhad. 2016. Fiber crops. Amidi Publications. Tabriz, 232 p. (In Persian).
·Seddighi, E., M.R. Ramazani Moghaddam, A.R. Sirous Mehr, and M.R. Asgaripour. 2013. Evaluation of response of cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in conditional planting system and double planting after barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Ghonabad conditions. Journal of Agroecology. 5(1): 58-66. (In Persian).
·Siddique, A.B., and D. Wreghet. 2004. Effects of sowing date on seed yield, seed germination and vigor of peas and flax. Seed Science and Technology. 32: 455-472.
Sohani, M. 1998. Seed testing and control. Publication of Gilan University. P.160. (In Persian).
·Soltani, A., M.J. Robrtson, B. Torabi, M. Yousefi-Daz, and R. Sarparast. 2006. Modeling seedling emergence in chickpea as influenced by temperature and sowing depth. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 138: 156-167.
Zaheer, A.D., S. Laghari, S. Abro, S.D. Khanzada, and Fakhuruddin. 2012. Effect of sowing dates and picking intervals at boll opening percent, yield and fiber quality of cotton cultivars.Science, Technology and Development. 31(3): 288-293.
_||_·Akram Ghaderi, F., N. Latifi, A. Kornegadi, and J. Rezear. 2002. The effects of environmental conditions during seed filling on subsequent germination and seedling growth in cotton. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 9(3): 59-70. (In Persian).
· Atarodi H., H. Irannezhad, A.H. Shirani Rad, R. Amiri and Gh.A. Akbari. 2011. Evaluation of drought stress and sowing date governing the native plant on electrical conductivity the resultant of its seeds. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(2): 242-247. (In Persian).
· Awan, H., I. Awan, M. Mansoor, E.A. Khan, and M. Anwar Khan. 2011. Effect of sowing time and plant spacing on fiber quality and seed cotton yield. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 27 (3): 411-413.
·Barradas, G., and R.J. López-Bellido. 2007. Seed weight, seed vigor index and field emergence in six upland cotton cultivars. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. 5: 116-121.
·Barzali, M. 2015. Effects of harvesting time and vertical distribution of bolls on some traits of germination and vigor seed and field emergence of cotton seedling in Sahel. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Technology. 4(2): 1-12. (In Persian).
·Edmisten, K. 2013. Cotton seed quality and planting decision. Technical Report. p. 206. North Carolina State University, U.S.A.
·Faramarzi, A., S. Seyedein, N. Mohebalipour, and Sh. Shahrokhi. 2012. The effect of sowing date on yield and yield components of three cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Miyaneh region. Journal of Research in Agronomy Sciences. 4(16): 27-38.
·Frasat, S., A. Shehzad Kang, and M. Amin. 2014. Performance of genotypes at different sowing dates on yield and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 7(5): 274-278.
·Ghajari, A., H. Biani, and S. Soltani. 2012. Determination of the best suitable planting date hybrid cotton varieties. Book of Abstracts of the 1th International Science, Industry and Trade of Cotton. Gorgan. Iran. (In Persian).
Hakoomat A., A. Muhammad Naveed, A. Shakeel, and M. Dilbaugh. 2009. Effect of cultivars and sowing dates on yield and quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. crop. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment. 7 (3&4): 244-247.
·Hamidi, A., and N. Kari Haftcheshmeh. 2014. Effect of germination and seedling vigor of emergence, yield and some characteristics of the varieties of cotton merchants. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 2(1): 9-24. (In Persian).
Anonymous. 1995. ISTA, International Seed Testing Association. Hand book of vigor test methods.
·Anonymous. 2009. ISTA, International rules for seed testing, supplement to seed. Science Technology. 27: 1-334.
·Kaleri, G.A., A.A. Kaleri, S.Y. Rajput, A.A. Kaleri, J.A. Marri, M.K. Kaleri, N.H. Kaleri, M.H. Kaleri, and G.A. Bughti. 2015. To evaluate the effects of sowing dates cum varietal study of different cotton genotypes, (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 8(12): 46-51.
·Khojepour, M.R. 2000. General agronomy. Jahad Daneshghahi Publication. Isfahan Industry University. 386 p. (In Persian).
·Kocheki, A. 2001. Agriculture in drought area. Mashhad Jahad Daneshgahi. 202 p. (In Persian).
·Krzyzanowski, F.C., and J.C. Delouche. 2011. Germination of cotton seed in relation to temperature. Revista Brasileira de Sementes. 33: 543-548.
·Miri, A.A., M. Azizi, F. Ghaderifar, and J. Rezaie. 2010. Effect of planting date and germination of undelinted and delinted seed of cotton cultivars on seedling establishment and yield. Electronic Journal of Cotton and Fibre Crops. 1(1): 31-46.
· Mohamed, K.A., S. Osman Yagoub, A. Elsalam kamal Abd Elsalam, and A. Ibrahim Abuali. 2016. Response of sowing dates, cultivars and nitrogen application on growth, yield and oil contents of cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth at Nuba Mountain. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. 3(5): 351-357.
·Mozaffari, A. 2014. Cotton production in Iran. Annual Report of Iranian Cotton Producer’s Corporation. Available on: http://tnews.ir
·Naderi Arefi, A., and M. Abedini Esfahlani. 2014. Effect of planting date and final irrigation on cotton yield at Garmsar condition. Crops Improvement. 15(3): 201-211. (In Persian)
·Najafi Navaye, H., A. Nouri Nia, H. Gholami Tileh Bani, and H. Eslami. 2015. The effect of seed loss on emergence and the level of peroxidation of sunflower oil under conditions of drought stress and salinity. Iranian Journal of Seed Oil. 4(1): 46-33. (In Persian).
·Nemati, N. 2000. New topics in cotton farming. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 3(2): 2-10. (In Persian).
·Panjeh Koub, A., S. Galeshi, E. Zeinali, and A.GH. GHajari. 2008. Effect of planting date and plant density on morphological characteristics of cotton Sai Akra cultivar. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. 14(5): 25-38. (In Persian).
·Pettigrew, W.R., and W.R. Meredith. 2009. Seed quality and planting date effects on cotton lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality. Journal of Cotton Science. 13:37–47.
·Pushp, S., V. Sardana, and S. Singh Kandhola. 2013. Effect of sowing date and harvesting dates on germination and seedling vigor on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars. Research Journal of Seed Science. 6(1): 1-15.
·Rahchamandi, H., M.A. Aboutalebian, G. Ahmadvand, and A. Jahedi. 2011. Effects of on-farm seed priming and sowing date on yield and yield components of three soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.) in Hamedan. Plant Products Technology. 10(2): 17-29. (In Persian).
·Rahman, M.M., and M.M. Hossain. 2013. Effect of sowing date on germination and vigour of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) seeds. Scientific Journal of Krishi Foundation. 11 (1): 67-75.
·Ruan, Y.L. 2013. Boosting seed development as a new strategy to increase cotton fiber yield and quality. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 55: 572-575.
·Sayed Sharifi, R., and E. Gholinezhad. 2016. Fiber crops. Amidi Publications. Tabriz, 232 p. (In Persian).
·Seddighi, E., M.R. Ramazani Moghaddam, A.R. Sirous Mehr, and M.R. Asgaripour. 2013. Evaluation of response of cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in conditional planting system and double planting after barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Ghonabad conditions. Journal of Agroecology. 5(1): 58-66. (In Persian).
·Siddique, A.B., and D. Wreghet. 2004. Effects of sowing date on seed yield, seed germination and vigor of peas and flax. Seed Science and Technology. 32: 455-472.
Sohani, M. 1998. Seed testing and control. Publication of Gilan University. P.160. (In Persian).
·Soltani, A., M.J. Robrtson, B. Torabi, M. Yousefi-Daz, and R. Sarparast. 2006. Modeling seedling emergence in chickpea as influenced by temperature and sowing depth. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 138: 156-167.
Zaheer, A.D., S. Laghari, S. Abro, S.D. Khanzada, and Fakhuruddin. 2012. Effect of sowing dates and picking intervals at boll opening percent, yield and fiber quality of cotton cultivars.Science, Technology and Development. 31(3): 288-293.
