تاثیر تاریخ و روش کاشت (نشائی و بذری) روی صفات کمّی و کیفی چغندرقند (.Beta vulgaris L)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیشاهرخ پهلوانیان میاندوآب 1 , محمدرضا داداشی 2 , تورج میرمحمودی 3 , آسیه سیاهمرگویی 4 , حسین عجم نوروزی 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران
4 - استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
5 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: سطح برگ, قند, ضریب استحصال, عملکرد ماده خشک,
چکیده مقاله :
اثر دو روش کشت نشائی و بذری بر خصوصیات زراعی و عملکرد شکر چغندرقند در تاریخ های مختلف کشت طی آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در سه تاریخ کشت (10، 20 و 30 فروردین) در دو منطقه میاندوآب و بوکان در سال زراعی 1395 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش های کاشت در کرت اصلی و تاریخ های کشت در کرت های فرعی قرار گرفتند. اختلاف بین دو سیستم کاشت بذری و نشائی از لحاظ شاخص سطح برگ، ضریب استحصال قند، عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد قند خالص و درصد قند ملاس در سطح احتمال یک درصد و از لحاظ درصد قند ناخالص و عملکرد قند ناخالص در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی دار گردید. اثر زمان کشت نیز بر شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد ماده خشک، ضریب استحصال قند، عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد قند خالص و درصد قند ملاس در سطح احتمال یک درصد و بر درصد قند ناخالص و عملکرد قند ناخالص در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی دار شد. اثر متقابل تاریخ کشت در روش کشت نیز بر شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد ماده خشک، ضریب استحصال قند، عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد قند خالص در سطح احتمال یک درصد و بر درصد قند ناخالص در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی دار بود. سیستم کشت نشائی مقدار قند ملاس را در مقایسه با سیستم کشت مستقیم 32/41 درصد کاهش داد، همچنین کمترین درصد قند ملاس به زمان کشت 10 فروردین اختصاص داشت. بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد ماده خشک، درصد قند ناخالص، ضریب استحصال قند، عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد قند خالص به زمان کشت 10 فروردین و در سیستم کشت نشائی اختصاص یافت.
The effects of transplanting and direct-seeding on agronomic traits and white sugar yield of sugar beet were studied in a split-plot experiment based on randomize complete blocks with three replications two regions of Miandoab and Bokan in 2016. Treatments were three planting date (25 March, 8 and 18 April) and two planting systems (transplanting and direct-seeding .(Planting systems were assigned in the main plot and planting date in the subplots. The difference between direct and transplanting systems in terms of leaf area index, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, white sugar yield and molasses sugar percentage were significant at 1% and sugar content and sugar yield at the 5% probability levels. The effect of sowing time on leaf area index, dry matter yield, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, white sugar yield and sugar content of molasses were significant at 1%, and sugar content and sugar yield at 5% probability levels. The interaction effect of sowing time and planting system was significant on leaf area index, dry matter yield, sugar extraction coefficient, and root yield, white sugar yield at 1% and on sugar content at 5% probability levels. The transplanting system reduced the amount of molasses sugar by 32.41% compared to the direct planting system and the lowest percentages of molasses sugar were attributed to 25th of March planting date. In the present study the highest leaf area index, dry matter yield, and sugar content, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, and white sugar yield were allocated to the 25th of March planting date and transplanting system.
Abdollahian-Noghabi, M., R. SheykholEslami, and B. Babayi. 2005. Terms and definitions of quality and quantity of sugar beet technological, technical abbreviations. Sugar Beet. 21(1): 101-104.
2021. FAO. Extent and causes of salt–affected soils in participating countries. Available on URL:http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/agll/spuch/topic4.htm.
Curcic, Z., M. Ciric, N. Nagl, and K. Taski-Ajdukovic. 2018. Effect of sugar beet genotype, planting and harvesting dates and their interaction on sugar yield. Front Plant Science. 4: 1- 9
Deihimfard, R., and S. Rahimi Moghadam. 2015. Assessing the yield of spring and autumn-sown sugar beet in Mashhad and Neyshabor, Khorasan using a simulation model. Journal of Plant Production. 22 (3): 157-180. (In Persian).
Draycott, A.P. 2006. Sugar beet. Blackweel Publishing LTD. 473 pages.
Habibi, P., A. Kashani, R. Mamghani, and M. Mesghar bashi. 2010. Feasibility study of spring culture of three sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars by paper pot and direct sowing methods in Ahvaz. Journal of Plant Production. 33(2): 42-54. (In Persian)
Jahani Moghadam, E., S. Parsa, S. Mahmoudi, and M. Ahmadi. 2017. Effect of planting date and cultivar on yield and the early flowering in autumn sowing of sugar beet varieties. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 13 (2): 43-57.
Jihad Akbar, M.D., B. Babaei, J. Basati, and Z. Abbasi. 2013. Effect of different methods of cultivation in saline lands on sugar beet quality and quantity. Journal of Sugar Beet. 29(2): 189-199. (In Persian).
Karbalaei, S., A. Mehraban, H.R. Mobasser, and Z. Bitarafan. 2012. Sowing date and transplant root size effects on transplanted sugar beet in spring planting. Annals of Biological Research. 3(7): 3474-3478.
Kazimikhah, K. 2006. Effect of transplanting time on quality and quantity of sugar beet in saline lands of East Azarbaijan province. Journal of Agricultural Science. 16(1): 203-212. (In Persian).
Keyvanlo, A., and A. Mohammad. 2015. The effect of seedlings age and date of transfer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science.48 (1): 291-301. (In Persian).
Keyvanlo, A., and M. Armin. 2016. The effect of seedlings age and date of transfer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 48 (1): 291-301. (In Persian).
Khalili, M., and H. Hamze. 2019. Effect of super-adsorbent and irrigation levels on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 3 (51): 395-412. (In Persian).
Kheir Khah, M., F. Yousef Abadi, and H. Moghadam. 2014. Comparison of root yield and sugar content in two methods of root seedling and paper pots after wheat and barley harvesting. Second National Conference and Applied Research in Agricultural Sciences. Iran Tehran, 2014. html.353_AFPICONF02-AFPICONF02-Paper/com.civilica.www://. (In Persian).
Kuchki, A., and G. Sarmadnia. 1994. Physiology of crops. Mashhad University Jihad Publications. P: 252.
Nabi Ilkaee, M., Z. Babaei, A. Baghdadi, and F. Golzardi. 2016. Effect of different planting dates and defoliation on the properties of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. 4(1): 52- 58.
Nasri, R., A. Kashani, Y. Sadeghian Motahar, and D. Habibi, 2011. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fall sugar beet in direct cultivation and paper pot transplanting under saline soils of Ahvaz. Agronomy and Plant Breeding Journal. 7(7): 25-40 (In Persian).
Oldemyer, R.K, A.W. Erichsen, and A. Suzuki. 1977. Effects of harvest date on performance of sugar beet hybrids. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologist. 19: 294 – 306.
Rafati, M., and Shemshadi. 2020. Comparison of productivity in direct seeding and seedling transplanting patterns of sugar beet production. Journal of Sugar Beet. 31 (6): 82-91. (In Persian).
Sadeghi, F., and M.A. Aboutalebian. 2019. Improvement of physiological growth indices and yield of soybean (Glycine max) by replacing some of nitrogen with phosphorus under moisture stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(2): 171-192. (In Persian).
Sadeghzadeh Hemayati, S., D. Fetholla Taleghani, A. Kashani, A.S. Siadat, and G. Normouhamadi. 2009. Effect of sowing date, planting density and cultivar on solar radiation interception indices in sugar beet. II Radiation use efficiency. Journal of Sugar beet. 25(1): 53-69.
Sadrabadi Haghighi, R., S. Amirmoradi, and A. Mirshahi. 2011. Investigation of growth analysis of conventional and commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) varieties at delayed planting date in Chenaran (Khorasan Razavi province). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(3): 505-513. (In Persian).
Taleghani, D.F., M. Mohramzadeh, S. Sadegh Zadeh Hamati, R. Mohammadian, and S. Farahmand. 2011. Effect of sowing and harvest time on yield of Autumn-sown sugar beet in Moghan region in Iran. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 27(3): 355-371. (In Persian).
Taleghanii, D., F.D. Habibi, V. Abadi, J. Ghohari, M.A. Jegini, and B.M. Gasem. 2004. Determination of optimum plant density and sowing arrangement of sugar beet at sprinkler irrigation system. Abstracts of 6th Iranian Agronomy and Plant Breeding Congress. Babolsar. Mazandaran University. 12-16 Shahrivar. 456 Pp.
Weeden, B.R. 2008. Potential of sugar beet on the Atherton tableland. Rural Industrial Research and Development Cooperation. Website: http//www.ridc.gov.an. West K. British Sugar Beet. Review, 1984. 50(4).
Yosef-Abadi, V. 2014. Effect of seedling size (transplanting) and the date of its transfer to the field of sugar beet root yield and quality in small pieces. Retrieved December, 10, 2015, Sugar Beet Seed Institute, from http://agrisis.areo.ir/ HomePage.aspx?TabID=19862&Site=agrisis.areo&Lang=fa-IR. (In Persian).
_||_Abdollahian-Noghabi, M., R. SheykholEslami, and B. Babayi. 2005. Terms and definitions of quality and quantity of sugar beet technological, technical abbreviations. Sugar Beet. 21(1): 101-104.
2021. FAO. Extent and causes of salt–affected soils in participating countries. Available on URL:http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/agll/spuch/topic4.htm.
Curcic, Z., M. Ciric, N. Nagl, and K. Taski-Ajdukovic. 2018. Effect of sugar beet genotype, planting and harvesting dates and their interaction on sugar yield. Front Plant Science. 4: 1- 9
Deihimfard, R., and S. Rahimi Moghadam. 2015. Assessing the yield of spring and autumn-sown sugar beet in Mashhad and Neyshabor, Khorasan using a simulation model. Journal of Plant Production. 22 (3): 157-180. (In Persian).
Draycott, A.P. 2006. Sugar beet. Blackweel Publishing LTD. 473 pages.
Habibi, P., A. Kashani, R. Mamghani, and M. Mesghar bashi. 2010. Feasibility study of spring culture of three sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars by paper pot and direct sowing methods in Ahvaz. Journal of Plant Production. 33(2): 42-54. (In Persian)
Jahani Moghadam, E., S. Parsa, S. Mahmoudi, and M. Ahmadi. 2017. Effect of planting date and cultivar on yield and the early flowering in autumn sowing of sugar beet varieties. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 13 (2): 43-57.
Jihad Akbar, M.D., B. Babaei, J. Basati, and Z. Abbasi. 2013. Effect of different methods of cultivation in saline lands on sugar beet quality and quantity. Journal of Sugar Beet. 29(2): 189-199. (In Persian).
Karbalaei, S., A. Mehraban, H.R. Mobasser, and Z. Bitarafan. 2012. Sowing date and transplant root size effects on transplanted sugar beet in spring planting. Annals of Biological Research. 3(7): 3474-3478.
Kazimikhah, K. 2006. Effect of transplanting time on quality and quantity of sugar beet in saline lands of East Azarbaijan province. Journal of Agricultural Science. 16(1): 203-212. (In Persian).
Keyvanlo, A., and A. Mohammad. 2015. The effect of seedlings age and date of transfer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science.48 (1): 291-301. (In Persian).
Keyvanlo, A., and M. Armin. 2016. The effect of seedlings age and date of transfer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 48 (1): 291-301. (In Persian).
Khalili, M., and H. Hamze. 2019. Effect of super-adsorbent and irrigation levels on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 3 (51): 395-412. (In Persian).
Kheir Khah, M., F. Yousef Abadi, and H. Moghadam. 2014. Comparison of root yield and sugar content in two methods of root seedling and paper pots after wheat and barley harvesting. Second National Conference and Applied Research in Agricultural Sciences. Iran Tehran, 2014. html.353_AFPICONF02-AFPICONF02-Paper/com.civilica.www://. (In Persian).
Kuchki, A., and G. Sarmadnia. 1994. Physiology of crops. Mashhad University Jihad Publications. P: 252.
Nabi Ilkaee, M., Z. Babaei, A. Baghdadi, and F. Golzardi. 2016. Effect of different planting dates and defoliation on the properties of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. 4(1): 52- 58.
Nasri, R., A. Kashani, Y. Sadeghian Motahar, and D. Habibi, 2011. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fall sugar beet in direct cultivation and paper pot transplanting under saline soils of Ahvaz. Agronomy and Plant Breeding Journal. 7(7): 25-40 (In Persian).
Oldemyer, R.K, A.W. Erichsen, and A. Suzuki. 1977. Effects of harvest date on performance of sugar beet hybrids. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologist. 19: 294 – 306.
Rafati, M., and Shemshadi. 2020. Comparison of productivity in direct seeding and seedling transplanting patterns of sugar beet production. Journal of Sugar Beet. 31 (6): 82-91. (In Persian).
Sadeghi, F., and M.A. Aboutalebian. 2019. Improvement of physiological growth indices and yield of soybean (Glycine max) by replacing some of nitrogen with phosphorus under moisture stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(2): 171-192. (In Persian).
Sadeghzadeh Hemayati, S., D. Fetholla Taleghani, A. Kashani, A.S. Siadat, and G. Normouhamadi. 2009. Effect of sowing date, planting density and cultivar on solar radiation interception indices in sugar beet. II Radiation use efficiency. Journal of Sugar beet. 25(1): 53-69.
Sadrabadi Haghighi, R., S. Amirmoradi, and A. Mirshahi. 2011. Investigation of growth analysis of conventional and commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) varieties at delayed planting date in Chenaran (Khorasan Razavi province). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(3): 505-513. (In Persian).
Taleghani, D.F., M. Mohramzadeh, S. Sadegh Zadeh Hamati, R. Mohammadian, and S. Farahmand. 2011. Effect of sowing and harvest time on yield of Autumn-sown sugar beet in Moghan region in Iran. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 27(3): 355-371. (In Persian).
Taleghanii, D., F.D. Habibi, V. Abadi, J. Ghohari, M.A. Jegini, and B.M. Gasem. 2004. Determination of optimum plant density and sowing arrangement of sugar beet at sprinkler irrigation system. Abstracts of 6th Iranian Agronomy and Plant Breeding Congress. Babolsar. Mazandaran University. 12-16 Shahrivar. 456 Pp.
Weeden, B.R. 2008. Potential of sugar beet on the Atherton tableland. Rural Industrial Research and Development Cooperation. Website: http//www.ridc.gov.an. West K. British Sugar Beet. Review, 1984. 50(4).
Yosef-Abadi, V. 2014. Effect of seedling size (transplanting) and the date of its transfer to the field of sugar beet root yield and quality in small pieces. Retrieved December, 10, 2015, Sugar Beet Seed Institute, from http://agrisis.areo.ir/ HomePage.aspx?TabID=19862&Site=agrisis.areo&Lang=fa-IR. (In Persian).
