نقش میکوریزا در تحمل به خشکی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیشیوا مقدسان 1 , اکبر صفی پور افشار 2 , فاطمه سعید نعمت پور 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زیست شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش کم آبی, همیشه بهار, میکوریزا, همزیستی, ظرفیت زراعی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزا و تنش خشکی در گیاه همیشه بهار، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه تحقیقات گیاهی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نیشابور انجام شد. میکوریزا در دو سطح (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد) به عنوان عامل اول و تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری بر اساس 100%، 75 و 50% ظرفیت زراعی) به عنوان عامل دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که در شرایط تنش خشکی خصوصیات رشدی، نظیر ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد و سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و ساقه و میزان کلروفیل‌های a و b، در گیاهان میکوریزایی و غیرمیکوریزایی به طور معنی داری کاهش یافتند. اما کاربرد میکوریزا سبب افزایش پارامترهای رشدی و رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی در گیاهان میکوریزایی نسبت به گیاهان غیرمیکوریزایی شد. میزان نسبی آب برگ، میزان فسفر و پتاسیم در اثر خشکی کاهش و مقدار پرولین افزایش یافتند. تلقیح با میکوریزا، میزان نسبی آب گیاه و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم گیاه را در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با گیاهان تلقیح نشده به طور معنی داری افزایش و مقدار پرولین را کاهش داد. نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح میکوریزایی همیشه بهار از طریق کمک به جذب آب و یون‌های معدنی سبب افزایش تحمل به خشکی آن می شود.
To study the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and drought stress on marigold, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Plant Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur branch in 2014. The first factor consisted of application and non-application of mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) and the second factor consisted of drought stress with three levels (irrigation based on 100%, 75% and 50% of field capacity). The results showed that growth parameters like plant height, leaf number, leaf area, root, shoot dry/fresh weight, Chla and Chlb content were significantly decreased by drought stress in both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. However, inoculation of plants by mycorrhizal fungus increased growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments as compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Traits like RWC, potassium and phosphorus in response to drought stress were decreased. Inoculation of plant roots with Mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly RWC, potassium and phosphorus content of the plants under drought conditions as compared with non-inoculated plants. The results also showed the mycorrhizal symbiosis by Glomus intraradices improved drought tolerance of marigold through enhancing the absorption of water and mineral ions.
Abbaspour, H., S. Saeidi-Sar, H. Afshari, and M.A. Abdel-Wahhab. 2012. Tolerance of Mycorrhiza infected pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedling to drought stress under glasshouse conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology. 169(7): 704-709.
Abedi, T., and H. Pakniyat. 2010. Antioxidant enzyme changes in response to drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 46: 27-34.
Auge, R.M., H.D. Toler, and A.M. Saxton. 2015. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters stomatal conductance of host plants more under drought than under amply watered conditions: a meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza. 25(1): 13-24.
Aliasgharzad, N.‚ S.A. Bolandnazar, M.R. Neyeshabouri, and N. Chaparzadeh. 2009. Impact of soil sterilization and irrigation interval on P and K acquisition by mycorrhizal onion (Allium cepa L.). Biologicals (London). 64(3): 512-515.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1–15.
Arora, D., A. Rani, and A. Sharma, 2013. A review on phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Calendula. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 7: 179-187.
Asgharipoor, M.R.‚ and M. Rafiei. 2010. Effect of drought stress on different morphological characteristics of root and root: shoot ratio on mungbean genotypes. Pp: 28-14. (In Persian).
Auge, R.M., H.D. Toler, and A.M. Saxton. 2015. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters stomatal conductance of host plants more under drought than under amply watered conditions: a meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza. 25(1): 13-24.
Bagheri, A.R. 2010. The effect of drought stress on yield, yield components and ion contents of four wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 1(3):15-30. (In Persian).
Bates, I.S., R.P. Waldern, and I.D. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39: 205-207.
Bhosle, K.S., and B.P. Shinde. 2011. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on prolineand chlorophyll content in Zingiber officinale roscgrown under water stress. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. 1(3): 172-176.
Birhane, E., F.J. Sterck, M. Fetene, F. Bongers, and T.W. Kuyper. 2012. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and growth of frankincense seedlings under pulsed water availability conditions. Oecologia. 169: 895-904.
Cakmak, I. 2006. Role of mineral nutrients in tolerance of crop plants to environmental stress factors. Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences. 35-48.
Colla, G.‚ Y. Rouphael, M. Cardarelli, M. Tullio‚ M.R. Carlos, and R. Elvira. 2008. Alleviation of salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal in zucchini plants grown at low and high phosphorus concentration. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 44: 501–509.
Deepika, S., and D. Kothamasi. 2015. Soil moisture--a regulator of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community assembly and symbiotic phosphorus uptake. Mycorrhiza. 25(1):67-75.
Diaz-Perez, J.C.‚ K.A. Shackel, and E.G. Sutter. 2006. Relative water content. Annals of Botany. 97 (1): 85-96.
Ganjeali, A., and A. Bagheri. 2010. Evaluation of morphological characteristics of root chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in response to drought stress. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 1 (2):101-110. (In Persian).
Goharipour fard‚ F. 2010. Effect of micronutrients on yield Brassica napus L. oil. Ph.D Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch. 100 pp. (In Persian).
Gonzalez-Chavez, M.C., R. Carrillo-Gonzalez, and M.C. Gutierrez-Castorena. 2009. Natural attenuation in a slag heap contaminated with cadmium: the role of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Hazardous Materials 161(2-3): 1288-1298.
Hammer, E.C., H. Nasr, J. Pallon, P.A. Olsson, and H. Wallander. 2011. Elemental composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at high salinity. Mycorrhiza. 21:117–129.
Jalili-Marandi‚ R. 2011. Physiology environmental stresses and mechanisms of resistance in garden plants. Urmia University Jahad Press. 636 pp. (In Persian).
Kafi‚ M., A. Borzoie‚ M. Salehi‚ A‚ Kamandi‚ A. Masoumi‚ and J. Nabati. 2009. Physiology environmental stress in plants. Mashhad University Jahad Press. (In Persian).
Khan, H.U.‚ W. Link, T. Hocking, and F. Stoddard. 2007. Evaluation of physiological biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology. 148: 350-382.
Lehmann, S., Funck, D., Szabados, L. and Rentsch, D. 2010. Proline metabolism and transport in plant development. Amino Acids. 39: 949-962.
Lobato, A.K.S.‚ C.F. Oliveira Neto‚ B.G. Santos Filho‚ R.C.L. Costa‚ F.J.R Cruz‚ H.K.B. Neves‚ and M.J.S. Lopes. 2008. Physiological and biochemical behavior in soybean (Glycine max cv. Sambaiba) plants under water deficit. Australian Journal Crop Science. 2: 25-32.
Miransari, M. 2010. Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to plant growth under different types of soil stress. Plant Biology (Stuttg) 12: 563-569.
Omidi, H. 2010. Changes of proline content and activity of antioxidative enzymes in two canola genotype under drought stress. American Journal of Plant Physiology. 5(6): 338-349.
Ortiz, N., E. Armada, E. Duque, A. Roldan, and R. Azcon. 2015. Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or bacteria to enhancing plant drought tolerance under natural soil conditions: effectiveness of autochthonous or allochthonous strains. Journal of Plant Physiology. 174: 87-96.
Osuagwu‚ G.G.E.‚ H.O. Edeoga‚ and A.N. Osuagwu. 2010. The influence of water stress (drought) on the mineral and vitamin potential of the leaves Ocimum gratissimum L. Recent Research in Science and Technology. 2: 27-33
Petropoulos‚ S.A.‚ M.G. Polissiou‚ and H.C. Passam. 2008. The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Science Horticultural. 115: 393-397.
Rapparini, F.‚ J. Liusia, and J. Penuelas. 2008. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization on terpen emission and content of Artemisia annua L. Plant Biology. 10(1):108-122.
Rodriguez, R., R. Redman, and J.M. Henson, 2004. The role of fungal symbioses in the adaptation of plants to high stress environments. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 9: 261-272.
Ruiz-Sanchez, M., E. Armada, Y. Munoz, I.E. Garcia de Salamone, R. Aroca, J.M. Ruiz-Lozano, and R. Azcon. 2011. Azospirillum and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization enhance rice growth and physiological traits under well-watered and drought conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology. 168: 1031-1037.
Sensoy, S., S. Demir, O. Turkmen, C. Erdinc, and O. Savur. 2007. Responses of some different pepper (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes to inoculation with two different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Sciential Horticulturae. 113: 92-95.
Tarahomi, G.‚ M. Lahoti‚ and F. Abbasi. 2011. Study the effects of drought stress on changes of soluble sugars, chlorophyllcontent and potassium in Salvia Leriifolia Benth. The Quarterly Journal of Biological Scienc (Islamic Azad University, Zanjan branch). 9 (3):1-7 (In Persian).
Tavasoli‚ A., and N. Asgharzadeh. 2009. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake and yield onion (Allium cepa L.) in saline soil in field conditions. Journal of Water and Soil. 19(1): 145-158.
Tian, M., Y.L. Chen, M. Li, and R.J. Liu 2013. Structure and function of arbuscular mycorrhiza: a review. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 24(8): 2369-2376.
Whitmore, A.P., and W.R. Whalley. 2009. Physical effects of soil drying on roots and crop growth. Journal of Experimental Botany. 60 (10): 2845-2857.
Wu, Q.S.‚ R.X. Xia, Y.N. Zou, and G.Y. Wang. 2007. Osmotic solute responses of mycorrhizal citrus (Poncitrus trifoliate) seedling to drought stress. Acta physiologica Plantarum. 29: 543-549.
Wu, Q.S., Y.N. Zou, R.X. Xia‚ and M.Y. Wangi. 2009. Mycorrhiza has a direct effect on reactive oxygen metabolism of drought-stressed citrus. Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences. 55(10): 436–442.
