کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی پتاسیمی و نیتروژنی بر عملکرد و ورس برنج (.Oryza sativa L) در رژیم های آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیزهرا ربیعی 1 , ناصر محمدیان روشن 2 , سید مصطفی صادقی 3 , ابراهیم امیری 4 , حمیدرضا دورودیان 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
4 - استاد گروه مهندسی آب، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
5 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد, برنج, پتاسیم, سلولز, خوابیدگی بوته,
چکیده مقاله :
اثر کودهای شیمیایی پتاسیمی و نیتروژنی بر عملکرد و ویژگی های وابسته به خوابیدگی برنج رقم گیلانه در رژیم های مختلف آبیاری، طی یک آزمایش مزرعه ای به صـورت کرت های دوبار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به مدت دو سال 1396 و 1397 در رشت بررسی شد. عامل های آزمایشی شامل مدیریت آب در دو سطح غرقاب دایم و فاصله آبیاری 10 روز یک بار به عنوان عامل اصلی، کود نیتروژنی در سه سطح صفر، 60 و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان عامل فرعی و کود پتاسیمی در سه سطح صفر، 80 و 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 3713 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار غرقاب، کاربرد 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژنی و 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود پتاسیمی و کمترین عملکرد در دور آبیاری 10 روز و عدم مصرف دو نوع کود پتاسیمی و نیتروژنه معادل 634 کیلوگرم در هکتار را به دست داد. دور آبیاری 10 روز سبب کم شدن 40 درصدی گشتاور خمش میانگره 4 شد. با افزایش سطح کود پتاسیمی شاخص خوابیدگی میانگره 4 کاهش نشان داد که این اثر با افزایش محتوای سلولز به میزان 60 درصد در این میانگره بود. در همه سطوح کود نیتروژنه، افزایش مصرف کود پتاسیمی سبب کاهش شاخص خوابیدگی در میانگره های 3 و 4 گردید. دور آبیاری 10 روز، ارتفاع، گشتاور خمش میانگره، سلولز و همی سلولز و عملکرد را کاهش و شاخص خوابیدگی را افزایش داد اما در هر دو رژیم آبیاری با افزایش سطوح دو نوع کود اثر معکوس روی صفات فوق داشت.
To evaluate the effects of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and lodging characteristics of Gilaneh rice cultivar under two irrigation regimes (permanent flooding and irrigation with to 10 days interval) a field split split plot experiment based on complete randomized block design with 3 replications in Rasht. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers used were at the 0, 60 and 120 kg.ha-1 and 0, 80 and 160 kg.ha-1 as sub and sub sub factor, respectively. The results showed that the highest seed yield obtained about 3713 kg.ha-1 from permanent flooding with the application of 120 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and 80 kg.ha-1 of potassium fertilizer and the lowest yield 634 kg.ha-1 from 10 days irrigation interval, without using of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers. The 10-day irrigation interval reduced the bending moment of the internode 4 by 40%. With increasing the rate of potassium fertilizer, the lodging index of intermediate 4 decreased, which was due to the increase of cellulose content by 60% in this intermediate. Increasing nitrogen and potassium fertilizers decreased the lodging index at internodes 3 and 4. Irrigation at 10 days intervals decreased plant height, internode bending moment, cellulose and hemicellulose and seed yield It increased lodging index of intermediate, butincreasing fertilizer levels in both irrigation regimes had adverse effect on the traits under study.
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Ghasemi Lemraski, M., G. Normohammadi, H. Madani, H. Heidari Sharifabad, and H.R. Mobaser. Effect of silicon and potassium foliar application and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of Iranian rice cultivars, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli. New Finding in Agriculture. 9(1): 47-66. (In Persian).
Ghasemi Minaei, A., H.R. Mobser, H. Madani, and S. Dastan. 2011. Results of silica and potassium application on morphological characteristics of loading quantitative yield of Tarom Hashemi rice. New Finding in Agriculture. 5(4): 423-67435. (In Persian).
Hoshikawa, K., and S.B. Wang. 1990. Studies on lodging in rice plant I: A general observation on lodged rice culms. Japan Journal Crop Science. 59(4): 809-814.
Htun, K.M.M., S.S. Thein, S.S. Toe, and K. Ngwe. 2017. Effects of different rates of potassium fertilizer on rice productivity with or without rice husk ash in Minbya soil. Journal of Agricultural Research. 4(1). 30-38.
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Kavousi, M., and M. Allahgholipour. 2017. Effect of dividend and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and grain yield of two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa. L) (Gilaneh and Abji Boji). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2(19):165-180. (In Persian).
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_||_Akhgary, H. 2004. Rice; agronomy, ratooning, nutrition. Published: Islamic Azad University of Rasht (Iran). (In Persian).
Alhassan, I., and A.M. Saddiqe. 2016. Effects of irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and water use efficiency of lowland rice (Oryza sativa) in Northeastern Nigeria. MAYFEB Journal of Agricultural Science. 4: 20-27.
Allahgholipour, M., M. Kavousi, F. Majidi, M.R. Yazdani, N. Sharafi, and H. Shafie Sabet. 2018. Gilaneh, a new rice cultivar with origin of Iranian landrace varieties. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture 7(2): 277-289. (In Persian).
Amano, T., Q. Zhu, Y. Wang, N. Inoue, and H. Tanaka. 1993. Case studies on high yields of paddy rice in Jiangsu province, China. II. Analysis of characters related to lodging. Journal Crop Science. 62 (2): 275–281.
Aminpanah, H., H. Sharifi, and A.A. Ebadi. 2018. Evaluation of drought stress response in some rice lines using stress tolerance indices. Iranian Journal of Crop Research. 16(1): 191-202. (In Persian).
2002. SAS. The SAS system for Windows. Release 9.0. SAS Inst., Cary, NC. US.
2019. Guilan meteorological quarterly statistics. 24 pp. (In Persian).
Asadi, A., N. Mohammadian Roshan, A. Fallah, and S. M. Sadeghi. 2013. Evaluation of the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizers, silica and crop densities on rice index, yield and yield components of rice grain (Oryza sativa). National Passive Defense in Agriculture, Qeshm. (In Persian).
Asadi, R., A. Alizadeh, H. Ansari, M. Kavousi, and A. Amiri. 2016. The effect of water and nitrogen consumption on yield, yield components and water productivity in rice cultivation. Water Research in Agriculture. 30(2): 157-145. (In Persian).
Ashouri, M. 2012. The Effect of water saving irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on rice production in paddy fields of Iran. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. 2(1): 56-59.
Bagheri, R.H., R. Mobasser, A. Ghanbari-Malidarreh, and S. Dastan. 2011. Effect of seedling age and potassium rates on morphological traits related-lodging, yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa) In Iran. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environmental Science. 11 (2): 261-268. (In Persian).
Bouman, B.A.M., S. Peng, A. R. Castaneda, and R. M. Visperas. 2005. Yield and water use of irrigated tropical aerobic rice systems. Agricultural Water Management. 74: 87-105.
Broomand, M., M. Esfahani, M.R. Alizadeh, and A. Alami. 2013. Evaluation of morphological characteristics related to lodging in native and improved rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars. Cereal Research. 3(3): 181-195. (In Persian).
Carmelita, M., R. Alberto, R. Wassmann, T. Hirano, A. Miyata, R. Hatano, A. Kumar, A. Padre, and M. Amante. 2011. Comparisons of energy balance and evapotranspiration between flooded and aerobic rice fields in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management. 98: 1417-1430.
Dastan, S., M. Siavoshi, D. Zakavi, A. Ghanbari Malidarreh, R. Yadi, E. Ghorbannia Delavar, and A.R. Nasiri. 2012. Application of nitrogen and silicon rates on morphological and chemical lodging related characteristics in rice (Oryza sativa) at North of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science. 4(6). 11-18. (In Persian).
Esfahani, M., S.M. Sadrzadeh, M. Kavousi, and A. Dabbagh Mohammadinasab. 2005. Effects of different amounts of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the yield, yield components, and growth of Caspian rice cultivar. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 7(3):226-240. (In Persian).
Faraji, F., M. Esfahani, M. Kavousi, M. Nahvi, and B. Rabiee. 2017. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer quantities and manner on growth and yield indices of Caspian rice. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 43 (2): 333-323. (In Persian).
Farazi, M., M. Goldani, M. Nasiriyah Mahallati, A. Nezami, and J. Rezaei. 2018. The effect of foliar application of silica and potash in addition to soil application of potassium on quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet under moisture stress. Applied Research in Field Crops. 31(3): 1-19. (In Persian).
Farokh, A.R., M. Kavosi, A. Mehrdad lomar, T. Razavipour, and M, Rezaei. 2009. Influence of different levels of nitrogen and potassium on yield and its correlated traits in rice. Journal of Crop Breeding. 1(1): 54-66. (In Persian).
Fusheing, L. 2006. Potassium and water interaction. International Workshop on Soil Potassium and K Fertilizer Management. Guangxi University, Nanning, China. Pp:1-32.
Ghanbari, A., B. Fakheri, E. Amiri, and A. Tavassoli. 2014. Evaluation nitrogen and radiation use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under irrigation levels. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 8(1): 41-56. (In Persian).
Ghasemi Lemraski, M., G. Normohammadi, H. Madani, H. Heidari Sharifabad, and H.R. Mobaser. Effect of silicon and potassium foliar application and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of Iranian rice cultivars, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli. New Finding in Agriculture. 9(1): 47-66. (In Persian).
Ghasemi Minaei, A., H.R. Mobser, H. Madani, and S. Dastan. 2011. Results of silica and potassium application on morphological characteristics of loading quantitative yield of Tarom Hashemi rice. New Finding in Agriculture. 5(4): 423-67435. (In Persian).
Hoshikawa, K., and S.B. Wang. 1990. Studies on lodging in rice plant I: A general observation on lodged rice culms. Japan Journal Crop Science. 59(4): 809-814.
Htun, K.M.M., S.S. Thein, S.S. Toe, and K. Ngwe. 2017. Effects of different rates of potassium fertilizer on rice productivity with or without rice husk ash in Minbya soil. Journal of Agricultural Research. 4(1). 30-38.
Islam, M.S., S. Peng, R.M. Visperas, N. Erful, M.S.U. Bhuiya, and A.W. Julwquar. 2007. Lodging related morphological trait of hybrid rice in a tropical irrigated ecosystem. Field Crops Research. 101: 240-248.
Jabran K., and B.S. Chauhan. 2015. Weed management in aerobic rice systems. Crop Protection. 78: 151-163.
Ju, X.T., G.X. Xing, X.P. Chen, S.L. Zhang, L.J. Zhang, X.J. Liu, Z.L. Cui, B. Yin, P. Christiea, Z.L. Zhu, and F.S. Zhang. 2009. Reducing environmental risk byimproving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems. Protection National Academic Science U. S. A. 106: 3041–3046.
Kashiwagi, T., H. Sasaki, and K. Ishimaru. 2005. Factors responsible for decreasing sturdiness of the lower part in lodging of rice (Oryza sativa). Journal of Plant Production Science. 8 (2): 166-172.
Kavousi, M., and M. Allahgholipour. 2017. Effect of dividend and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and grain yield of two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa. L) (Gilaneh and Abji Boji). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2(19):165-180. (In Persian).
Khosravi, Y., S. Dastan, H. Mobaser, and M. Nasri. 2011. Effects of nitrogen stress and cycocel application on versus-related properties and yield of rice grains in Tarom Dilmani cultivar. Crop Production Research. 3(4): 409-419. (In Persian).
Kokubo, A., S. Kuraishi, and N. Sakurai. 1989. Culm strength of barley. Plant Physiology. 91: 876-882.
Kono, M. 1995. Physiological aspects of lodging. In: Matsuo, T., K. Kumazawa, K. Ishii, K. Ishihara, and H. Hirata, (Eds.). Science of the Rice Plant. Vol. 2. Physiology, Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center. Tokyo, Japan.
Leza, M.R.C., S. Peng, A.L. Sanico, R.M. Visperas, and S. Akita. 2001. Higher leaf area growth rate contributes to greater vegetative growth of F1 rice hybrids in the tropics. Journal of Plant Production Science. 4 (3): 184-188.
Li, H.J., X.J. Zhang, W.J. Li, Z.J. Xu, and H. Xu. 2009. Lodging resistance in japonica rice varieties with different panicle types. Chinese Journal of Rice Science. 23(2): 191-196.
Lopez, L.A.M., R.M. Rivera, O.R. Herrera, and W.T. Naval. 2019. Relatiohip between growth traits and yield formation in Indica-type rice crop. Agronomy Mesoam. 230(1):79-100.
Mahajana, G.B., Chauhanb, J. Timsinab, P.P. Singha, and K. Singha. 2012. Crop performance and water and nitrogen use efficiencies in dry seeded rice in response to irrigation and fertilizer amounts in northwest India. Field Crops Research. 134: 59–70.
Mahbub, M.A., M. Khanam, M.S. Rahman, M.A. Hossain, and A.R. Gomosta. 2006. Determination of lodging characters of some BRRI recommended rice varieties at three nitrogen levels during wet season in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Botany. 35: 117-124.
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