تأثیر نوع کود فسفات و نحوه عرضه نیتروژن بر عملکرد غده و شاخص‌های رشد سه رقم سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.)
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
مسعود جلیلی هنرمند
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
محمدعلی ابوطالبیان
2
(دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/09/06
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/12/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01
کلید واژه:
شاخص سطح برگ,
سرعت رشد,
سوپر فسفات تریپل,
دی آمونیوم فسفات,
چکیده مقاله :
نیتروژن و فسفر به عنوان عناصر غذایی ضروری، در رشد و نمو گیاهان مطرح می‎باشند. از طرفی نوع و نحوه مصرف کود، نقش مهمی در کارایی جذب عناصر و صرفه جویی در مصرف آن دارد. بدین منظور آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در منطقه بهار همدان در سال 1396 اجرا گردید و در آن نوع کود فسفر در سه سطح (عدم مصرف، سوپر فسفات تریپل و دی‌آمونیوم فسفات)، کود نیتروژن در دو سطح (مصرف نواری و پخش سطحی) و رقم سیب زمینی در سه سطح (اگریا، بانبا و سانته) به صورت فاکتوریل در نظر گرفته شدند. بیشترین‎های شاخص سطح برگ (27/5)، سرعت رشد (22/13 گرم بر متر مربع در روز) و ماده خشک کل (86/582 گرم بر متر مربع) از مصرف دی‎آمونیوم فسفات به همراه جایگذاری نیتروژن در رقم آگریا به دست آمدند. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط کمبود فسفر، شیوه مصرف نیتروژن بر شاخص‎های سطح برگ، سرعت رشد و ماده خشک کل تاثیری نداشت، اما عملکرد غده رقم آگریا در کمبود فسفر با مصرف نواری نیتروژن افزایش نشان داد. در این تحقیق استفاده از دی‎آمونیوم فسفات در مقایسه با سوپر فسفات تریپل سبب افزایش شاخص‎های سطح برگ، سرعت رشد، سرعت رشد نسبی و ماده خشک کل گردید و تاثیر کاربرد نواری نیتروژن همراه سوپر فسفات تریپل بیشتر از دی‎آمونیوم فسفات بود. شاخص کلروفیل در شرایط مصرف دی‎آمونیوم فسفات تحت تاثیر شیوه مصرف نیتروژن قرار نگرفت در حالی‎ مصرف نواری نیتروژن با سوپر فسفات تریپل شاخص کلروفیل را 5/6 درصد افزایش داد. نتایج مربوط به عملکرد غده نشان داد، که اگر همراه با سوپر فسفات تریپل کود نیتروژن جایگذاری گردد، عملکرد بانبا 4/25 درصد افزایش می‎یابد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، بالاترین عملکرد غده در هر سه رقم، به ویژه در بانبا و آگریا با مصرف نواری نیتروژن همراه با دی‎آمونیوم فسفات به دست آمد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients in growth of plants. In addition, the type and method of fertilizer application play an important role in the efficient absorption of nutrients and reduce fertilizer use. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Bahar city in 2017: phosphorus fertilizer was three levels (no application, triple superphosphate and diammonium phosphate), nitrogen fertilizer with two levels (placement and no-placement) and potato cultivar with three levels (Agria, Banba and Sante). The highest leaf area index (5.27), crop growth rate (13.22 g.m-2) and total dry matter (582.86 g.m-2) were obtained from diammonium phosphate along with nitrogen placement in by using Agria cultivar. The results also showed that under conditions phosphorus deficiency, nitrogen application method did not affect leaf area index, crop growth rate and total dry matter: However, tuber yield of Agria under phosphorus deficiency increased by nitrogen placement treatment. In this study, the use of diammonium phosphate, compared to triple superphosphate, increased leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and total dry matter. The effect of nitrogen placement along with triple superphosphate was higher than that of nitrogen with diammonium phosphate. Chlorophyll index was not affected by nitrogen placement when using diammonium phosphate, whereas, nitrogen placement increased chlorophyll index by 6.5% with triple superphosphate. The results also showed that the tuber yield increased by 25.4% when nitrogen used by placement combined with triple superphosphate fertilizer. As a whole, highest tuber yields of all three cultivars, especially in Agria and Banba, were increased under nitrogen placement treatment along with diammonium phosphate.
منابع و مأخذ:
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· Seyed hadi, M., G. Nourmohammadi, M. Nasirimahalati, H. Rahimian, and E. Zand. 2010. Evaluation of growth indices at potatoes in competition with Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Journal of Plant and Ecosystem. 21: 107- 127.
· Sidlauskas, G., and S. Bernotas. 2003. Some factors affecting seed yield of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Agronomy Research. 1(2): 229-243.
· Streck, N.A., I. Lago, F.L. Matielo de Paula, D.A. Bisognin, and A.B. Heldwein. 2007. Improving predictions of leaf appearance in field growth potato. Science Agriculture. 64 (1): 12-18.
· Zelalem, A., T. Tekalign, and D. Nigussie. 2009. Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisols at Debre Berhan, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. African Journal of Plant Science. 3(2): 16-24.
Zotarelli, L., L.S. Rens, D.J. Cantliffe, P.J. Stoffella, D. Gergela, and D. Fourman. 2014. Nitrogen fertilizer rate and application timing for chipping potato cultivar Atlantic. Agronomy Journal. 106: 2215-2226.
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· Abdel-Rahman, E.M. 2008. Response of sesame to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Northern Sudan. Journal of Applied Biosciences. 8(2): 304-308.
· Ademba, J.S., J.K. Kwach, A.O. Esilaba, and S.M. Ngari. 2015. The effects of phosphate fertilizers and manure on maize yields in south western Kenya. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal. 81(1): 1-11.
· Amanullah, R., A. Khattak, and S.K. Khalil. 2009. Effects of plant density and N on phenology and yield of maize. Journal of Plant Nutrient. 32(3): 245-259.
· Anonymous 2017. FAO http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx
· Azeem, K., A. Khan, F. Naz, M. Ilyas, I. Azeem, F. Anwar, and W. Ahmad. 2018. The Impact of different P fertilizer sources on growth, yield and yield component of maize varieties. Agricultural Research and Technology. 13(3): 53-57.
· Balyan, J.K., S. Puspendra, B.S. Kumpawat, and M.L. Jat. 2008. Effect of organic manure, fertilizer level and biofertilizers on soil nutrients balance in maize (Zea mays L.). Research on Crops. 9(2): 308-310.
· Fageria, N.K. 2016. The use of nutrients in crop plants. CRC press, Third edition, 448 p.
· Gholamhoseini, M., A. Ghalavand, A. Dolatabadian, E. Jamshidi, and A. Khodaei-Joghan. 2017. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and irrigation water productivity of sunflowers grown under drought stress. Agricultural Water Management. 117: 106- 114.
· Golik, S.I., H.O. Chidichimo, and S.J. Sarandon. 2005. Biomass production, nitrogen accumulation and yield in wheat under two tillage systems and nitrogen supply in the Argentine Rolling Pampa. World Journal Agriculture Science. 1 (1): 36-41.
· Hosseinpanahi, F., A. Koocheki., M. Nassiri., and R. Ghorbani. 2009. Evaluation of yield component in potato/corn intercropping. Journal of Agricultural Science. 7: 23-30.
· Hossein Pour, T., S.A. Siadat, R. Mamghani, and M. Rafiei. 2003. Study of some morphological and physiological characteristics affecting grain yield and yield components in bread wheat genotypes under reduced irrigation. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 5(1): 23-36. (In Persian).
· Keshavarz, H., S.A.M. Modarres-Sanavy, and M. Mahdipour Afra. 2018. Organic and chemical fertilizer affected yield and essential oil of two mint species. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 21(6): 1674-1681.
· Ma, Q., X. Wang, H. Li, H. Li, L. Cheng, F. Zhang, and J. Shen. 2014. Localized application of NH4+-N plus P enhances zinc and iron accumulation in maize via modifying root traits and rhizosphere processes. Field Crops Research. 164: 107-116.
· Madani, H., Gh.R. Naderi Brojerdi, H. Aghajani, and A. R. Pazouki. 2010. Evaluating of chemical phosphate fertilizers and phosphor solubilizing bacteria on seed yield, biological yield and tissues relative phosphorus content in winter rapeseed (Brasssica napus L.). Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 6(4): 93-104. (In Persian).
· Mark, K. 2014. Effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization and application of microbial preparations in potato cultivation. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 38: 299-310.
· Mazaheri, D. and Majnon Hoseini, N. 2001. Fundamental of agronomy. Tehran University Press, 320p. (In Persian).
· Mehmood A., Kh. Naveed, K. Azeem, A. Khan, N. Ali, and Sh. Masaud Khan. 2018. Sowing time and nitrogen application methods impact on production traits of Kalonji (Nigella sativa L.). Pure Applied Biology. 85(3): 125-132.
· Monte, J.A., D.F. de Carvalho, L.O. Medici, L.D.B. da Silva, and C. Pimentel. 2013. Growth analysis and yield of tomato crop under different irrigation depths. Soil, Water and Plant Management. 17(9): 926-931.
· Moradi, M., H. Madani, M.A. Malboubi, and R. Pilehvari Khomami. 2009. Comparison the effect of biologic fertilizer with chemical on oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Arak condition. New Finding in Agriculture. 3(2): 168-178. (In Persian).
· Pourhadian, H., and M.R. Khajehpour. 2008. Effects of row spacing and planting density on growth indices and yield of safflower, local variety of Isfahan “Koseh” in summer planting. Water and Soil Science (Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources). 11(42): 17-31. (In Persian).
· Rahnama, A. 2008. Plant physiology. Pouran Pazhohesh Press, second edition, 364 p. (In Persian)
· Rens, L.R., L. Zotarelli, D.J. Cantliffe, P.J. Stoffella, D. Gergela, and D. Fourman. 2015. Effect of rate and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on potato ‘FL1867’ part II: marketable yield and tuber quality. Field Crops Research. 183: 267-275.
· Rosen, C.J., and P.M. Bierman. 2008. Best management practices for nitrogen use: irrigated potatoes. University of Minnesota Extension Service. Publication 0841.
· Sadeghi, F., and M.A. Aboutalebian. 2019. Improvement of physiological growth indices and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) by replacing some of nitrogen with phosphorus under moisture stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(2): 171-192. (In Persian).
· Sanderson, J.B., J.A. Mac Leod, B. Douglas, R. Coffin, and T. Bruulsema. 2003. Phosphorus research on potato in PEI. Acta Horticulture. 619: 409-417.
· Seyed hadi, M., G. Nourmohammadi, M. Nasirimahalati, H. Rahimian, and E. Zand. 2010. Evaluation of growth indices at potatoes in competition with Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Journal of Plant and Ecosystem. 21: 107- 127.
· Sidlauskas, G., and S. Bernotas. 2003. Some factors affecting seed yield of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Agronomy Research. 1(2): 229-243.
· Streck, N.A., I. Lago, F.L. Matielo de Paula, D.A. Bisognin, and A.B. Heldwein. 2007. Improving predictions of leaf appearance in field growth potato. Science Agriculture. 64 (1): 12-18.
· Zelalem, A., T. Tekalign, and D. Nigussie. 2009. Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisols at Debre Berhan, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. African Journal of Plant Science. 3(2): 16-24.
Zotarelli, L., L.S. Rens, D.J. Cantliffe, P.J. Stoffella, D. Gergela, and D. Fourman. 2014. Nitrogen fertilizer rate and application timing for chipping potato cultivar Atlantic. Agronomy Journal. 106: 2215-2226.
