اثر کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید و عصاره جلبک دریایی (Ascophyllum nodosum) بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی لوبیا سفید (.Phaseolus lanatus L) در شرایط تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سارا بیگ زاده
1
(دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران)
عباس ملکی
2
(استادیار گروه زراعت، گروه زراعت، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.)
محمد میرزایی حیدری
3
(استادیار گروه زراعت، گروه زراعت، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران)
علیرضا رنگین
4
(استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران)
علی خورگامی
5
(دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی، واحد خرم آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم آباد، ایران)
کلید واژه: آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان, جلبک دریایی, سالیسیلیک اسید, سرعت فتوسنتز,
چکیده مقاله :
خشکی از جمله مهم ترین عوامل محدودکننده‌ی رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی در بسیاری از مناطق دنیا است. به منظور بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی و محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی و سالیسیلیک اسید بر برخی صفات فتوسنتزی و فتوشیمیایی گیاه لوبیا سفید، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 96-1395 در دو منطقه‌ی اسلام آباد غرب و خرم‌آباد اجرا گردید. کرت اصلی شامل اعمال سه سطح تنش خشکی به میزان 60، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس A بود و فاکتور فرعی اول شامل دو سطح محلول‌پاشی و عدم محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و فاکتور فرعی دوم چهار سطح محلول پاشی کود جلبک دریایی با غلظت‌های صفر ،50، 100 و 150 گرم در هکتار بودند. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که تنش خشکی سبب کاهش سرعت فتوسنتز و کاهش محتوای کلروفیل شد، محلول‌پاشی جلبک دریایی و سالیسیلیک اسید موجب افزایش سرعت فتوسنتز و محتوای کلروفیل گردید. تنش خشکی محتوای پرولین و نشت یونی را افزایش داد و سبب افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان از جمله کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز شد. کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان را افزایش داد. تنش خشکی عملکرد دانه را کاهش داد و کمترین عملکرد دانه (1720کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار 120 میلی‌متر تنش خشکی و عدم مصرف کود جلبک دریایی و بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار 60 میلی‌متر (عدم تنش) و 150 گرم جلبک دریایی به دست آمد. محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید توانست عملکرد دانه را تا 5/4 درصد افزایش دهد. با توجه به نتایج، مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید و جلبک دریایی می تواند تا حدودی اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش خشکی را کاهش دهد.
Drought is one of the most important growth and yield limiting factors of crop plants in many parts of the world. To investigate the effects of drought stress and seaweed extract and salicylic acid on some photosynthetic and photochemical traits of white bean plant, a split-factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2016-2017 growing season. The experiment was performed at two different locations: Islamabad and Khorramabad. Main factor consisted of three levels of irrigation (irrigation after 60 mm, 90 mm and 120 mm of accumulated evapotranspiration of class A pan evaporation and sub-plots of 8 different levels of salicylic acidapplication (0.5 molar), no application of salicylic acid, 4 levels of seaweed extracts applications 0, 50, 100 and 150 grams. Results of this study showed that drought stress decreased the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, but the salicylic acid increased both the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. Drought stress also increased proline content, ion leakage from the membrane and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and reduced the grain yield. Application of salicylic acid increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the response to salicylic acid was not similar in various levels of seaweed. The lowest grain yield was obtained from irrigation after 120 mm evaporation and without application of seaweed. Highest grain yield was obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and 150 g. seaweed treatment. Application of seaweed enhanced the grain yield production. Application of salicylic acid also, increased grain yield by 4.5%. According to the results of this study, it seems that application of salicylic acid and seaweed may reduce some negative effects of drought stress.
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_||_· Adebayo, M.A., A. Menkir, E. Blay, V. Gracen, E. Danquah, and S. Hearne. 2014. Genetic analysis of drought tolerance in adapted × exotic crosses of maize inbred lines under managed stress conditions. Euphytica. 196: 261-270.
· Ahmed, Y.M., and E.A. Shalaby. 2012. Effect of different seaweed extracts and compost on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of cucumber. Journal of Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants. 4(3): 235-240.
· Ashkavand, M., M. Roshdi, J. Khalili Mohaleh, F. Jalili, and A. HosseinPour .2013. Effect of drought stress during phenological stage and biofertilizer and nitrogen application on yield and yield components of corn (KSC 704). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(4): 365-376.
· Aslam, M., M.S.I. Zamir, I. Afzal, M. Yaseen, M. Mubeen, and A. Shoaib. 2013. Drought stress, its effect on maize production and development of drought tolerance through potassium application. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova. 46(2): 99-114.
· Bates, L. 1973. Rapid determination of free poline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39: 205-207.
· Beers, R.F., and I.W. Sizer. 1952. A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 195(1): 133-140.
· Bilger, W., and O. Bjorkman. 2014. Relationships among violaxanthin deepoxidation, thylakoid membrane conformation, and nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Planta. 193: 238-246.
· Blokhina, O., E. Virolainen, and K.V. Fagerstedt. 2003. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Annals of botany. 91(2): 179-194.
· Borsani, O., V. Valpuestan, and M. Botella. 2001. Evidence for a role of salicylic acid in the oxidative damage generated by NaCl and osmotic stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Physiology. 126: 1024-1030.
· Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72(1-2): 248-254.
· Cornic, G. 2000. Drought stress inhibitsphotosynthesis by decreased stomatal aperture -not by affecting ATP synthesis. Trends Plant Science. 5: 187-188.
· El-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley grains to theater active effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 45: 215-224.
· Eskandari Zanjani, K., A.H. Shirani Rad, A. Moradi Agdam, and T. Taherkhani. 2013. Effect of salicylic acid application under salinity conditions on physiologic and morphologic characteristics of artemisia (Artemisia annua L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(4): 415-428. (In Persian).
· Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita, and S.M.A. Basra. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronmy for Sustainable Development. 29: 185-212.
· Flinet, H.I., B.R. Boyce, and D.J. Beattie. 1966. Index of injury drought a useful expression of freezing injury to plant tissues as determined by the electrolytic method. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 47: 229-230.
· Gardner, F.P. 2010. Physiology of crop plants. Scientific Publishers (India), Crops. 327 pp.
· Giannopolitis, C.N., and S.K. Ries. 1977. Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology. 59(2): 309-314.
· Gill, S.S., and N. Tuteja. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant physiology and biochemistry. 48(12): 909-930.
· Gunes, A., A. Inal, M. Alpaslan, F. Eraslan, E.G. Bagci, and N. Cicek. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology. 164(6): 728-736.
· Hayat, S., B. Ali, and A. Ahmad. 2007. Salicylic acid: biosynthesis, metabolism and physiological role in plants. In salicylic acid: A plant hormone. (pp. 1-14). Springer, Dordrecht.
· Hua, Y., Y. Lina, and W. Jinfeng. 2010. Antioxidation responses of maize roots and leaves to partial root-zone irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 97: 972-980.
· Huang, J., S. Sun, D. Xu, H. Lan, H. Sun, Z. Wang, Y. Bao, J. Wang, H. Tang, and H. Zhang. 2012. A TFIIIA-type zinc finger protein confers multiple abiotic stress tolerances in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Molecular Biology. 80(3): 337-350.
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· Jain, V., S. Vart, E. Verma, and S.P. Malhotra. 2015. Spermine reduces salinity-induced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidative system and decreasing lipid peroxidation in rice seedlings. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 24(3): 316-323.
· Karkanis, A., D. Bilalis, and A. Efthimiadou. 2011. Architectural plasticity, photosynthesis and growth response velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus) plants to water stress in a semi-arid environment. Austuralian Journal of Crop Science. 5(4): 369-374
· Karthick, N., S. Selvakumars, and S. Umamaheswari. 2013. Effect of three different seaweed liquid fertilizers and a chemical liquid fertilizer on the growth and histopathological parameters of Eudrilus eugeniae (Haplotaxida: Eudrilidae Global). Journal of Bio-Science and Biotechnology. 2(2): 253-259.
· Khan, A., and M. Ashraf. 2008. Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 63(1): 224-231.
· Khan, M.I., M. Fatma, T.S. Per, N.A. Anjum, and N.A. Khan. 2015. Salicylic acid-induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. Plant Science Journal. 6: Article 462.
· Kheirkhah, M., M. Farazi, A. Dadkhah, and A. Khoshnood. 2016. Application of glycine, tufool and salicylic acid in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under drought conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(1): 167-182. (In Persian).
· Kiarostami, K., N. Abdolmaleki, and M. Heidari. 2012. The effect of salicylic acid on salt stress reduction in Canola (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Plant Biology. 4(12): 69-82.
· Koyro, H.W. 2006. Effect of salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relations and solute composition of potential cash crop halophyte (Plantago coronopus L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 56: 136-149.
· Kumar, G., and D. Sahoo. 2011. Effect of seaweed liquid extract on growth and yield ofTriticum aestivum var. pusa gold. Journal of Applied Phycology. 23(2): 251-255.
· Lascano, H.R., G.E. Antonicelli, C.M. Luna, M.N. Melchiorre, L.D. Gómez, R.W. Racca, V.S. Trippi, and L.M. Casano. 2001. Antioxidant system response of different wheat cultivars under drought: field and in vitro studies. Functional Plant Biology. 28(11): 1095-1102.
· Mercier, L., C. Laffite, G. Borderies, X. Briand, M.T. Esquerré-Tugayé, and J. Fournier. 2001. The algal polysaccharide carrageenans can act as an elicitor of plant defence. New Phytology. 149: 43–51.
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