اثربخشی آموزش تنظیم عاطفه بر نشانگان افسردگی و امید به زندگی زنان مبتلا به نوروپاتی دیابتی
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانواده
فرشته کورنگ بهشتی
1
(
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، گرایش خانواده درمانی، واحد خمینی شهر ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خمینی شهر، اصفهان، ایران
)
یوسف گرجی
2
(
استادیار ، گروه روانشناسی ، واحد خمینی شهر، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی ، خمینی شهر، اصفهان، ایران ( نویسنده مسئول )
gorji@iaukhsh.ac.ir
)
کلید واژه: امید به زندگی, دیابت, نشانگان افسردگی, آموزش تنظیم عاطفه, نوروپاتی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر اثربخشی آموزش تنظیم عاطفه بر نشانگان افسردگی و امید به زندگی زنان مبتلا به نوروپاتی دیابتی شهر اصفهان بود. این بررسی به روش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل انجام شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش زنان مراجعه کننده به موسسه خیریه دیابت اصفهان در سال 1398 بودند. بدین منظور 30 نفر از مراجعه کنندگان با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و در دو گروه (15 نفر) کنترل و (15 نفر) آزمایش گمارده شدند.گروه آزمایش تحت آموزش گروهی تنظیم عاطفه در 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای قرارگرفتند. شرکت‌کننده‌ها در مرحله پیش از مداخله و پس از مداخله به پرسشنامه‌های افسردگی بک(1986) و امید به زندگی میلر (1988) پاسخ دادند. با این تفاوت که گروه کنترل هیچ‌گونه مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل کوواریانس نشان دادکه آموزش تنظیم عاطفه بر نشانگان افسردگی تاثیر معناداری داشته است (96%). در متغیر امید به زندگی نیز، در مرحله پس آزمون تفاوت معناداری بین گروه آزمایش و کنترل وجود داشت (84%). بنابراین آموزش تنظیم عاطفه موجب کاهش افسردگی و افزایش امید به زندگی در زنان مبتلا به نوروپاتی دیابتی شده است. از این جهت می‌توان نتیجه گرفت آموزش تنظیم عاطفه می‌تواند به عنوان یک مداخله مهم در کنار درمان های دارویی درنظر گرفته شود. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند مورد استفاده روانشناسان حوزه سلامت و بیماری قرار بگیرد.
The aim of this study Was to investigate the the effectiveness of affect regulation training On the depressive symptoms and life expectancy in women with diabetic neuropathy in Isfahan. This study was performed by quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest design Including the control group control group. The statistical population of this study included women referring to Isfahan Diabetes Charity in 1398. For this purpose, 30 patients were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned to two groups (15 people) control and (15 people) experimentalThe experimental group underwent group training of affect regulation in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Participants answered Beck Depression Inventory (1986) and Miller Life Expectancy (1988) in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages.But the control group did not receive any intervention. Findings from analysis of covariance showed that affect regulation training had a significant effect on the depressive symptoms (96%). In life expectancy, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (84%). Thus, affect regulation training has reduced depressive symptoms and increased life expectancy in women with diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, it can be concluded that affect regulation training can be considered as an important intervention along with drug therapies.The results of this research can be used by psychologists in the field of health and disease.
Alagheband, M., Servat, F., & Zarepour, F. (2016). Investigation of the Relationship between Quality of Life and Life Expectancy in Patients with Breast Cancer. Tolooebehdasht, 15(2), 175-185. (Persian)
American Diabetes Association. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 37(Supplement 1), S81-S90.
Akfirat, O. (2020). Investigation Of Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being, Self Esteem, Perceived General Self-Efficacy, Level of Hope and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(9).286-306
Asghari ebrahim abad, M., Moshirian Farahi, S., Razaghi Kashani, S. (2020). Prediction of hopefulness due to difficulties in emotional regulation and religious attitudes in students. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 17(39), 192-173. (Persian)
Baraz Pordanjani, S., Shahbazian, H. B., Latifi, S. M., Karimi, M., & Ebrahimi Dastgerdi, M. (2013). Screening of sensory peripheral neuropathy in type II diabetes. Journal of Mazandaran university of medical sciences, 22(97), 60-66.
Barrett, L. F., Gross, J., Christensen, T. C., & Benvenuto, M. (2001). Knowing what you're feeling and knowing what to do about it: Mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cognition & Emotion, 15(6), 713-724.
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) (Vol. 10, p. s15327752jpa6703_13). (Persian)
Beck, A. T., Ward, C., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. J. A. G. P. (1961). Beck depression inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571.
Berking, M., & Lukas, C. A. (2015). The Affect Regulation Training (ART): a transdiagnostic approach to the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 64-69.
Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Current opinion in psychiatry, 25(2), 128-134.
Berking, M., Neacsiu, A., Comtois, K. A., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). The impact of experiential avoidance on the reduction of depression in treatment for borderline personality disorder. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(8), 663-670.
Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour research and therapy, 46(11), 1230-1237.
Berking, M., Ebert, D., Cuijpers, P., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Emotion regulation skills training enhances the efficacy of inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 82(4), 234-245.
Berking, M., & Lukas, C. A. (2015). The Affect Regulation Training (ART): a transdiagnostic approach to the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 64-69.
Berking, M., Eichler, E., Luhmann, M., Diedrich, A., Hiller, W., & Rief, W. (2019). Affect regulation training reduces symptom severity in depression–A randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 14(8), e0220436.
Berking, M., & Whitley, B. (2014). Emotion regulation: Definition and relevance for mental health. In Affect Regulation Training (pp. 5-17). Springer, New York, NY.
Berking, M., & Schwarz, J. (2014). Affect regulation training. Handbook of emotion regulation, Abdi S, (Persian translator). Tehran. Arjmand, Pub; 2020: 529-547. (Persian)
Brunner, L. S. (2010). Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing (Vol. 1). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Chen, Y. T., Huprich, S. K., & Hsiao, W. C. (2011). Affect regulation and depressive personality disorder. Journal of personality disorders, 25(6), 755-764.
Dadfarnia, S., Hadianfard, H., Rahimi, C., & Aflakseir, A. (2019). Emotion regulation therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder: A case study. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 68-72. (Persian)
Delavar, A. (2020). Research Methods in Psychology and Educational Sciences. Publications: virayesh (Persian)
Dixon, M. L., Moodie, C. A., Goldin, P. R., Farb, N., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2020). Emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder: reappraisal and acceptance of negative self-beliefs. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 5(1), 119-129.
Fathi-Ashtiani A, Dastani M. (2009). Psychological tests: personality and mental health evaluation. Tehran: Besat. (Persian).
Firooz, M., Mazloom, S. R., Kimiae, S. A., & Hasanzadeh, F. (2015). Comparing the effect of group education versus group counseling for self-care on glycated-hemoglobin in patients with diabetes type II. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(124), 26-36.
Ghiasvand, M., & Ghorbani, M. (2015). Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training in Improving Emotion Regulation Strategies and Control Glycemic in Type 2 Diabetes Patients [Original]. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(4), 299-307(Persian)
Goodnick PJ, Henry JK, Buki VM. (1995). Treatment of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry; 56: 128-36.
Graham, J. E., Stoebner-May, D. G., Ostir, G. V., Al Snih, S., Peek, M. K., Markides, K., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (2007). Health related quality of life in older Mexican Americans with diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), 1-7.
Grandinetti, A., Kaholokula, J. K. A., Kamana’opono, M. C., Kenui, C. K., Chen, R., & Chang, H. K. (2000). Relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes among native Hawaiians. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25(3), 239-246.
Hedayati, A., Rashidlamir, A., Javaheri, A. H., & Ehsaei, M. (2015). The Effect of Eight weeks of Resistance Training on Static and Dynamic Balance as Well as Power of the Foot Muscles in Diabetic Women with Peripheral Neuropathy. Journal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, 23(9), 833-843
Heydarian, S., Seyrafi, M., Kalhornia, M., Jomehri, F., Bagholi, H. (2020). Effectiveness of Emotion-Based Therapy on the Anxiety and Psychological Wellbeing of the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 63(2), 2380-2390. (Persian)
Hurtado, M. D., & Vella, A. (2019). What is type 2 diabetes? Medicine, 47(1), 10-15.
Kalsoom, U., Hanifa, B. (2021). Depression, Anxiety, Psychosomatic Symptoms, and Perceived Social Support in Type D and Non-type D Individuals. IJPCP. 27 (1) :92-103.
Larijani, B., Khoramshahee, M., Bandarian, F., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2004). Association of depression and diabetes in the doctor Shariati diabetes clinic and Iranian Diabetes Association. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 3(1), 77-82.
LeMoult, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2019). Depression: A cognitive perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 69, 51-66.
Lewis, E. J., Yoon, K. L., & Joormann, J. (2018). Emotion regulation and biological stress responding: associations with worry, rumination, and reappraisal. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1487-1498.
Lotfi, M., Amini, M., & Shiasy, Y. (2020). Effectiveness of Affect Regulation Training Group Therapy on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression. Journal Of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 30(184), 50-60. (Persian)
Lustman, P. J., Griffith, L. S., Clouse, R. E., Freedland, K. E., Eisen, S. A., Rubin, E. H., ... & McGill, J. B. (1997). Effects of nortriptyline on depression and glycemic control in diabetes: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychosomatic medicine, 59(3), 241-250.
Lopez, R. B., Denny, B. T., & Fagundes, C. P. (2018). Neural mechanisms of emotion regulation and their role in endocrine and immune functioning: A review with implications for treatment of affective disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 95, 508-514.
Mahmoudvandi-Baher, E., Flasafinejad, M.-R., & KhodabakhshiKoolaee, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Emotion-focused Group Therapy on Hope and Negative Automatic Thoughts among Divorced Women. Salāmat-I Ijtimāī (Community Health), 5(1), 67-76. (Persian)
McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2007). Psychological flexibility and traditional pain management strategies in relation to patient functioning with chronic pain: an examination of a revised instrument. The Journal of Pain, 8(9), 700-707.
Mc Hugh, R., Mc Feeters, D., Boyda, D., & O’Neill, S. (2016). Coping styles in adults with cystic fibrosis: implications for emotional and social quality of life. Psychology, health & medicine, 21(1), 102-112.
Miller, J. F., & Powers, M. J. (1988). Development of an instrument to measure hope. Nurs Res, 37(1), 6-10
Minet, L., Møller, S., Vach, W., Wagner, L., & Henriksen, J. E. (2010). Mediating the effect of self-care management intervention in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of 47 randomised controlled trials. Patient education and counseling, 80(1), 29-41.
Moran, K. M., Root, A. E., Vizy, B. K., Wilson, T. K., & Gentzler, A. L. (2019). Maternal socialization of children’s positive affect regulation: Associations with children’s savoring, dampening, and depressive symptoms. Social Development, 28(2), 306-322.
Narimani, M., Ariapooran, S., Abolghasemi, A., & Ahadi, B. (2012). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and emotion regulation training in the affect and mood of chemical weapons victims. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences, 15(2), 107-118. (Persian)
Payandeh, F., Borjali, M., & Kalhornia, M. (2020). Comparison of Emotional Regulation and Frustration Tolerance in Women with Diabetes Type II and Normal Women. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 10(1), 69-88(Persian)
Peh, C. X., Liu, J., Bishop, G. D., Chan, H. Y., Chua, S. M., Kua, E. H., & Mahendran, R. (2017). Emotion regulation and emotional distress: the mediating role of hope on reappraisal and anxiety/depression in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Psycho‐oncology, 26(8), 1191-1197.
Peh, C. X., Kua, E. H., & Mahendran, R. (2016). Hope, emotion regulation, and psychosocial well-being in patients newly diagnosed with cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24(5), 1955-1962.
Rahmani, F., hashemniyan, K. (2016). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Emotion Regulation on Reduction of Depression and Anxiety symptoms of Adolescences. Journal of Psychological Studies, 12(3), 47-62. (Persian)
Sadri Damirchi E, Samadifard H. (2019). Predicting of Life Expectancy in Diabetic Patients Based on Self-efficacy, Self-esteem and Perceived Social Support. Horizon Med Sci. 25 (2) :85-92 (Persian)
Samiei, M. & Ashayeri, H (1989).) The study of hope and feeling of helplessness in Kaqeh Spinal cord amputations and their comparison with other disabled people and people of the year. Bachelor's thesis of M.A Psychology. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia
Sattarpour, F., Ahmadi, E., & Gharamaleki, H. B. (2014). Effectiveness emotion regulation training on reduction of symptoms depression students. Shenakht J Psychol Psychiatry, 1(1), 31-8. (Persian)
Snyder, C. R., Ilardi, S., Michael, S. T., & Cheavens, J. (2000). Hope theory: Updating a common process for psychological change.
Sharifipour, S., Dvazdahemami, M. H., Bakhtiari, M., Mohamadi, A., & Saberi, M. (2017). The efficacy of emotion regulation therapy on symptom’s severity, anxiety, depression, stress and quality of life in individuals with trichotillomania [Research]. Dermatology and Cosmetic, 8(2), 100-(Persian)
Sobhi-Gharamaleki N, Porzoor P, Aghajani S, et al. Effectiveness of emotion regulation training on reduction of anxiety, stress and depression symptoms among university students. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2015; 3: 5-13. (Persian)
Stephens, I. (2017). Medical yoga therapy. Children, 4(2), 12.
Zarif Sadat Hosseini Urmia, L., Isfahani Khaleghi, A., & Bonakdari, N. (2017). The role of emotion regulation strategies in predicting life expectancy in patients with thyroid cancer 8th International Conference on Psychology and Social Sciences, (Persian)
_||_
Alagheband, M., Servat, F., & Zarepour, F. (2016). Investigation of the Relationship between Quality of Life and Life Expectancy in Patients with Breast Cancer. Tolooebehdasht, 15(2), 175-185. (Persian)
American Diabetes Association. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 37(Supplement 1), S81-S90.
Akfirat, O. (2020). Investigation Of Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being, Self Esteem, Perceived General Self-Efficacy, Level of Hope and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(9).286-306
Asghari ebrahim abad, M., Moshirian Farahi, S., Razaghi Kashani, S. (2020). Prediction of hopefulness due to difficulties in emotional regulation and religious attitudes in students. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 17(39), 192-173. (Persian)
Baraz Pordanjani, S., Shahbazian, H. B., Latifi, S. M., Karimi, M., & Ebrahimi Dastgerdi, M. (2013). Screening of sensory peripheral neuropathy in type II diabetes. Journal of Mazandaran university of medical sciences, 22(97), 60-66.
Barrett, L. F., Gross, J., Christensen, T. C., & Benvenuto, M. (2001). Knowing what you're feeling and knowing what to do about it: Mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cognition & Emotion, 15(6), 713-724.
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) (Vol. 10, p. s15327752jpa6703_13). (Persian)
Beck, A. T., Ward, C., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. J. A. G. P. (1961). Beck depression inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571.
Berking, M., & Lukas, C. A. (2015). The Affect Regulation Training (ART): a transdiagnostic approach to the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 64-69.
Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions. Current opinion in psychiatry, 25(2), 128-134.
Berking, M., Neacsiu, A., Comtois, K. A., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). The impact of experiential avoidance on the reduction of depression in treatment for borderline personality disorder. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(8), 663-670.
Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour research and therapy, 46(11), 1230-1237.
Berking, M., Ebert, D., Cuijpers, P., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Emotion regulation skills training enhances the efficacy of inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 82(4), 234-245.
Berking, M., & Lukas, C. A. (2015). The Affect Regulation Training (ART): a transdiagnostic approach to the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 64-69.
Berking, M., Eichler, E., Luhmann, M., Diedrich, A., Hiller, W., & Rief, W. (2019). Affect regulation training reduces symptom severity in depression–A randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 14(8), e0220436.
Berking, M., & Whitley, B. (2014). Emotion regulation: Definition and relevance for mental health. In Affect Regulation Training (pp. 5-17). Springer, New York, NY.
Berking, M., & Schwarz, J. (2014). Affect regulation training. Handbook of emotion regulation, Abdi S, (Persian translator). Tehran. Arjmand, Pub; 2020: 529-547. (Persian)
Brunner, L. S. (2010). Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing (Vol. 1). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Chen, Y. T., Huprich, S. K., & Hsiao, W. C. (2011). Affect regulation and depressive personality disorder. Journal of personality disorders, 25(6), 755-764.
Dadfarnia, S., Hadianfard, H., Rahimi, C., & Aflakseir, A. (2019). Emotion regulation therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder: A case study. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 68-72. (Persian)
Delavar, A. (2020). Research Methods in Psychology and Educational Sciences. Publications: virayesh (Persian)
Dixon, M. L., Moodie, C. A., Goldin, P. R., Farb, N., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2020). Emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder: reappraisal and acceptance of negative self-beliefs. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 5(1), 119-129.
Fathi-Ashtiani A, Dastani M. (2009). Psychological tests: personality and mental health evaluation. Tehran: Besat. (Persian).
Firooz, M., Mazloom, S. R., Kimiae, S. A., & Hasanzadeh, F. (2015). Comparing the effect of group education versus group counseling for self-care on glycated-hemoglobin in patients with diabetes type II. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(124), 26-36.
Ghiasvand, M., & Ghorbani, M. (2015). Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training in Improving Emotion Regulation Strategies and Control Glycemic in Type 2 Diabetes Patients [Original]. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(4), 299-307(Persian)
Goodnick PJ, Henry JK, Buki VM. (1995). Treatment of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry; 56: 128-36.
Graham, J. E., Stoebner-May, D. G., Ostir, G. V., Al Snih, S., Peek, M. K., Markides, K., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (2007). Health related quality of life in older Mexican Americans with diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), 1-7.
Grandinetti, A., Kaholokula, J. K. A., Kamana’opono, M. C., Kenui, C. K., Chen, R., & Chang, H. K. (2000). Relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes among native Hawaiians. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25(3), 239-246.
Hedayati, A., Rashidlamir, A., Javaheri, A. H., & Ehsaei, M. (2015). The Effect of Eight weeks of Resistance Training on Static and Dynamic Balance as Well as Power of the Foot Muscles in Diabetic Women with Peripheral Neuropathy. Journal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, 23(9), 833-843
Heydarian, S., Seyrafi, M., Kalhornia, M., Jomehri, F., Bagholi, H. (2020). Effectiveness of Emotion-Based Therapy on the Anxiety and Psychological Wellbeing of the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 63(2), 2380-2390. (Persian)
Hurtado, M. D., & Vella, A. (2019). What is type 2 diabetes? Medicine, 47(1), 10-15.
Kalsoom, U., Hanifa, B. (2021). Depression, Anxiety, Psychosomatic Symptoms, and Perceived Social Support in Type D and Non-type D Individuals. IJPCP. 27 (1) :92-103.
Larijani, B., Khoramshahee, M., Bandarian, F., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2004). Association of depression and diabetes in the doctor Shariati diabetes clinic and Iranian Diabetes Association. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 3(1), 77-82.
LeMoult, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2019). Depression: A cognitive perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 69, 51-66.
Lewis, E. J., Yoon, K. L., & Joormann, J. (2018). Emotion regulation and biological stress responding: associations with worry, rumination, and reappraisal. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1487-1498.
Lotfi, M., Amini, M., & Shiasy, Y. (2020). Effectiveness of Affect Regulation Training Group Therapy on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression. Journal Of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 30(184), 50-60. (Persian)
Lustman, P. J., Griffith, L. S., Clouse, R. E., Freedland, K. E., Eisen, S. A., Rubin, E. H., ... & McGill, J. B. (1997). Effects of nortriptyline on depression and glycemic control in diabetes: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychosomatic medicine, 59(3), 241-250.
Lopez, R. B., Denny, B. T., & Fagundes, C. P. (2018). Neural mechanisms of emotion regulation and their role in endocrine and immune functioning: A review with implications for treatment of affective disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 95, 508-514.
Mahmoudvandi-Baher, E., Flasafinejad, M.-R., & KhodabakhshiKoolaee, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Emotion-focused Group Therapy on Hope and Negative Automatic Thoughts among Divorced Women. Salāmat-I Ijtimāī (Community Health), 5(1), 67-76. (Persian)
McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2007). Psychological flexibility and traditional pain management strategies in relation to patient functioning with chronic pain: an examination of a revised instrument. The Journal of Pain, 8(9), 700-707.
Mc Hugh, R., Mc Feeters, D., Boyda, D., & O’Neill, S. (2016). Coping styles in adults with cystic fibrosis: implications for emotional and social quality of life. Psychology, health & medicine, 21(1), 102-112.
Miller, J. F., & Powers, M. J. (1988). Development of an instrument to measure hope. Nurs Res, 37(1), 6-10
Minet, L., Møller, S., Vach, W., Wagner, L., & Henriksen, J. E. (2010). Mediating the effect of self-care management intervention in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of 47 randomised controlled trials. Patient education and counseling, 80(1), 29-41.
Moran, K. M., Root, A. E., Vizy, B. K., Wilson, T. K., & Gentzler, A. L. (2019). Maternal socialization of children’s positive affect regulation: Associations with children’s savoring, dampening, and depressive symptoms. Social Development, 28(2), 306-322.
Narimani, M., Ariapooran, S., Abolghasemi, A., & Ahadi, B. (2012). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and emotion regulation training in the affect and mood of chemical weapons victims. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences, 15(2), 107-118. (Persian)
Payandeh, F., Borjali, M., & Kalhornia, M. (2020). Comparison of Emotional Regulation and Frustration Tolerance in Women with Diabetes Type II and Normal Women. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 10(1), 69-88(Persian)
Peh, C. X., Liu, J., Bishop, G. D., Chan, H. Y., Chua, S. M., Kua, E. H., & Mahendran, R. (2017). Emotion regulation and emotional distress: the mediating role of hope on reappraisal and anxiety/depression in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Psycho‐oncology, 26(8), 1191-1197.
Peh, C. X., Kua, E. H., & Mahendran, R. (2016). Hope, emotion regulation, and psychosocial well-being in patients newly diagnosed with cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24(5), 1955-1962.
Rahmani, F., hashemniyan, K. (2016). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Emotion Regulation on Reduction of Depression and Anxiety symptoms of Adolescences. Journal of Psychological Studies, 12(3), 47-62. (Persian)
Sadri Damirchi E, Samadifard H. (2019). Predicting of Life Expectancy in Diabetic Patients Based on Self-efficacy, Self-esteem and Perceived Social Support. Horizon Med Sci. 25 (2) :85-92 (Persian)
Samiei, M. & Ashayeri, H (1989).) The study of hope and feeling of helplessness in Kaqeh Spinal cord amputations and their comparison with other disabled people and people of the year. Bachelor's thesis of M.A Psychology. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia
Sattarpour, F., Ahmadi, E., & Gharamaleki, H. B. (2014). Effectiveness emotion regulation training on reduction of symptoms depression students. Shenakht J Psychol Psychiatry, 1(1), 31-8. (Persian)
Snyder, C. R., Ilardi, S., Michael, S. T., & Cheavens, J. (2000). Hope theory: Updating a common process for psychological change.
Sharifipour, S., Dvazdahemami, M. H., Bakhtiari, M., Mohamadi, A., & Saberi, M. (2017). The efficacy of emotion regulation therapy on symptom’s severity, anxiety, depression, stress and quality of life in individuals with trichotillomania [Research]. Dermatology and Cosmetic, 8(2), 100-(Persian)
Sobhi-Gharamaleki N, Porzoor P, Aghajani S, et al. Effectiveness of emotion regulation training on reduction of anxiety, stress and depression symptoms among university students. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2015; 3: 5-13. (Persian)
Stephens, I. (2017). Medical yoga therapy. Children, 4(2), 12.
Zarif Sadat Hosseini Urmia, L., Isfahani Khaleghi, A., & Bonakdari, N. (2017). The role of emotion regulation strategies in predicting life expectancy in patients with thyroid cancer 8th International Conference on Psychology and Social Sciences, (Persian)
