طراحی الگوی رشد کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط زنان ایران (مطالعه موردی استان های منتخب)
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانوادهشهلا سالونه 1 , پرویز ساکتی 2 , کتایون پورمهدی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه کارآفرینی ،واحد قزوین ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، قزوین، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی ،دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول).P.saketi@shirazu.ac.ir
3 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی،واحد تهران جنوب ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران ، ایران
کلید واژه: "کارآفرینی زنان", "کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط زنان", "رشد کسب و کارهای کوچک ومتوسط زنان",
چکیده مقاله :
رشد کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط به عنوان یک حوزه تحقیقاتی در سالهای اخیر مورد توجه دانشگاهیان و سیاست گذاران زیادی قرار گرفته است. دراین پژوهش ما به دنبال آن هستیم تا عوامل موثر بر رشد کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط زنان را شناسایی نماییم. این پژوهش از لحاظ ماهیت ، مبتنی بر رویکرد آمیخته کیفی – کمی و با طرح ترکیبی متوالی اکتشافی انجام شده است . در مرحله اول،با 15 نفر از خبرگان در امور بازاریابی و کسب و کار و زنان صاحب کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط در ایران؛ در 5 استان (گیلان، خراسان، مرکزی ،کرمان و کردستان ) به عنوان نمونه و به روش نیمه ساختار یافته مصاحبه شد.متون مصاحبه در سه مرحله کد گذاری( باز، محوری و انتخابی) مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت . درپایان پژوهش کیفی بر اساس مفاهیم کلیدی ، پرسشنامه ای تنظیم شد و در مرحله دوم (بخش کمی ) در نمونه ای شامل 55 واحد کسب و کار کوچک و متوسط زنان در غرب کشور به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت .بر اساس یافته های این مطالعه از جنبه توصیفی ابعاد مدل مفهومی از دید خبرگان و کارآفرینان مناسب بوده اند. تحلیل های مربوط به اهداف اصلی پژوهش نشان می دهد که مجموعه ای از عوامل رشد کسب و کارهای زنان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهند که شامل شایستگی های کارآفرینی ،راهبردهای رشد بازار ، شیوه های کسب و کار، نقش دولت،عوامل سیاسی و فرهنگ است.
Small & Medium-sized Enterprises growth has been taken into consideration by many academia and policymakers as a research area in recent years. This study aims to determine factors influencing growth of women-led SMEs. This study adopts Sequential Exploratory Mixed Methods (integrating quantitative and qualitative data) Design. In first step we studied factors affecting growth of women-led SMEs, in this regard, a sample of experts in women-led SMEs and marketing (N = 15) was selected and interviewed with Semi-structured method in 5 provinces of Iran (Guilan, Khorasan, Markazi, Kerman and Kordestan). The contents of the interviews were analyzed in three stages of Coding (open, axial, selective). At the end of qualitative research, a questionnaire was designed based on the key concepts. In the second step (i.e., quantitative part) a sample of 55 women-led SMEs from west of the country was examined through random sampling method. Based on the findings of the study, the Conceptual Model dimensions were appreciated by experts and entrepreneurs from the descriptive aspect. Additionally, analyses of main purposes of this study revealed that a set of factors including entrepreneurial competencies, market growth strategies, business models, the role of government, and cultural and political factors, influences growth of women-led enterprises
داوری، علی، رضازاده ،آرش(1392). مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزار PLS . انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی
زارع ،م. 1389. روشهای تحلیل چندمتغیره در نرم افزار SPSS.
سرمد، زهره، بازرگان، عباس،حجازی، الهه. (1385). روشهای تحقیق در علوم رفتاری. تهران، نشر آگه.250 صفحه
صداقت آبکنار م .1392. بررسی و شناسایی تأثیر انگیزه های زنان کارآفرین ایرانی بر رشد کسب و کار های آنان (زنان کارآفرین تهران ).پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران مرکزی
گلرد، پروانه(1384)، ویژگی ها، انگیزه ها و اهداف ترغیب کننده زنان ایرانی در توسعه کسب و کار. فصنامه پژوهشی بازرگانی ، 44،ص267-295.
ملاشاهی،غلامعباس، ظریفیان ،شاپور، سارانی،ولی اله(1392)، عوامل مؤثر بر موفقیت کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط زراعی و باغی شهرستان زابل، مجله تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران،4،ص 739-748.
نظریان،زهرا،حدادی مقدم،کبری(1392)،بررسی عوامل مؤثر بررشد کارآفرینی در کسب ی کارهای کوچک و متوسط (SME)دانش بنیان مستقر در پارک علم و فناوری استان گیلان، فصلنامه صنعت و دانشگاه،21و22،ص: 5-18
Reference
Ackah,J.,& Vuvor.S. (2011). The challenges faced by small & medium enterprises (SMEs) in obtaining credit in Ghana.Master’s Thesis in Business Administration, MBA Programme
Akgun, A. E., Lynn, G. S. and Byrne, J. C. (2004) Taking the guesswork out of new product development: how successful high-tech companies get that way. The Journal of Business Strategy,vol 25 ,no 4,pp 41-47.
Alarape,A.A. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and the growth performance of small and medium enterprises in southwestern nigeria. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, vol 26, no 6,pp553-577
Baum, J.R.,& Locke, E.A. (2004). The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology,vol 89, no 4,pp 587-598.
Bennett, R. J. ,& Ramsden, M.( 2007).The contribution of business associations to SMEs: Strategy, bundling, or reassurance?. International Small Business Journal,vol 25,no 1,pp 49-76
Blackburn,R.A., Hart.M.,& Wainwright,T. (2013). Small business performance: business strategy and owner-manager characteristics" . Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,vol 20,no1,pp 8-27
Brown,J.D., Earle,J.S.,& Lup,D.(2004). What makes small firms grow?finance, human capital, technical assistance, and the business environment in Romania,vol 54,no 1
Bulanova,O., Isaksen,E.J.,& Kolvereid,L.(2016). Growth aspirations among women entrepreneurs in high growth firms .Baltic Journal of Management, vol 11,no2, pp187 – 206
Cateora, P. R. and Graham, J. (2001) Marketing Internacional, Rio de Janeiro: LTC.
Corchuelo,B., Mesías,F. (2015). Innovation Policies and Barriers to Innovation: An Analysis in Extremadura (Spain). Available from: www.igi-global.com/chapter/innovation-policies-and-barriers-toinnovation/127739?camid=4v1
Coviello, N. E, Brodie, R. J. and Munro, H. J. (2000) An investigation of marketing practice by firm size, Journal of Business Venturing,vol 15,pp523–545
Davari,A.,Rezazadeh,A.(2019).Structural equation modeling with PLS.
Delmar,F., Davidsson.P.,&Gartner.W.(2003). Arriving at the high growth Firm".Journal of Business Venturing ,vol18,no 2,pp 189-216
Dobbs,M.,& Hamilton.R.T.(2007). Small business growth: recent evidence and new Directions" . International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,vol 13,no5, pp 296–320
Drakopoulou, D.S.,& Anderson, A. R. (2007). Mumpsimus and the mything of the individualistic entrepreneur.International Small Business Journal,vol 25,no4, pp341-360
Eijdenberg,E.L., Paas,L.J.,& Masurel ,E. (2015).Entrepreneurial motivation and small business growth in Rwanda. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies,vol 7,no 3,pp212-240
Farahani,H.,Shaabani,R.,Ghaffari,H.(2013). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Marketing Information on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Markazi Province. National Conference on Knowledge-Based Entrepreneurship and Business Management.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error.Journal of marketing research. vol18,no1,pp 39-50.
Gelard.P.(2007). Characteristics, motivations and goals of Iranian women entrepreneurial .Iranian Journal of Trade studies,vol44,pp267-295.
Gielnik, M. M.,Zacher, H., &Schmitt, A. 2017. How small business managers’ age and focus on opportunities affect business growth: A mediated moderation growth model.Journal of Small Business Management, vol55,no3,pp 460-483
Gilbert,B. A.,McDougall,P.P.,& Audretsch.D.B.2006 New Venture Growth: A Review and Extension.Journal of Management,vol 32,no6,pp 926-950
Grandea,J., Madsenb,E.L.,& Borch,O.J.(2011). The relationship between resources, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in farm-based ventures.Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, vol23,no3-4,pp 89-111
Gupta,P.D., Guha,S., & Krishnaswami,S.S.(2013). Firm growth and its determinants. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,vol 2,no 15,pp1-14
Kelley, D. J. and Nakosteen, R. A. (2005) Technology resources, alliances, and sustained growth in new, technology-based firms.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol 52,no3, pp292-300
Kirkwood,J.2009. To grow or not? growing small service firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,vol 16 ,no 3,pp 485 – 503
Koy, S., Shipley, M. and Omer, K. (2007).Factors contributory to Success: A study of Pakistani’s small business owners. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,vol 12,no2,pp 181–198
Lerner, M., Brush, C. and Hisrich, R. (1995) .Factors Affecting Performance of Israeli Women Entrepreneurs: An Examination of Alternative Perspectives. Babson College, Boston, MA
Littunen, H. and Tohmo, T. (2003).The high growth firm in new metal-based manufacturing and business services in Finland. Small Business Economics,vol 21,no 2,pp187-200
Machado,S.P.V. (2016). Growth of small businesses: a literature review and perspectives of studies, Prod., São Carlos,vol 23,no 2,pp419-432
Mahmood,R.,&Hanafi, N.(2013).Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance of Women-Owned Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia: Competitive Advantage as a Mediator. International Journal of Business and Social Science,vol 4,no1,pp 82-90
Mitchelmore, S.,& Rowley, J. (2013).Growth and planning strategies within women-led SMEs . Management Decision, vol51,no 1,pp 83-96
Mitchelmore,S., Rowley,J.,& Shiu,E.(2014). Competencies associated with growth of women-led SMEs.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,vol21,no4,pp 588-60131.
Mitchelmore, S.,& Rowley, J. (2013).Growth and planning strategies within women-led SMEs , Management Decision,vol 51,no 1, pp83-96.
Mollashahi,Gh.,Zarifian,Sh.,&sarani,V.(2013). Factors affecting success of Small and Medium Agricultural and horticultural Enterprises in Zabol city. Iranian Journal of Agricutural Economics and Development Research,vol 46,no2,pp 739 – 748
Nazarian,Z.,&Hadadi Moghadam,K.(2013).The factors affecting the growth of entrepreneurship in small businesses (SME) knowledge based on science and technology park Gilan.Journal of Industry and University,vol 6,no 21,pp5-17
Neneh, B. N., & Smit, A.V.A .(2013).Will promoting more typical SME start-ups increase job creation in South Africa?. African Journal of Business management, vol 7,no 31, pp 3043-3051
North, D. and Smallbone, D. (2000) The innovativeness and growth of rural SMEs during the 1990s, Regional Studies,vol 34,no2,pp145-57.
Nunes,P.M., Goncalves ,M., &Serrasqueiro,Z.(2011). The influence of age on SMEs’ growth determinants:empirical evidence, Small Bus Econ ,40:pp249–272
Omorede,A.N.(2006). Affective motivation: Studies of its importance for entrepreneurial activities, (the degree of Doctor), Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences
Omri ,A.,& Frikha, M.A.(2012). Constructing a mediational model of small business growth, International Entrepreneurship Managmaent Journal.
Ongachi,R.n.(2013). Factors Influencing Growth of Women owned Micro and Small Enterprises A Survey of Kitale Municipality. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,vol 3,no10, pp182-196.
Orford J, Herrington M & Wood E. (2004). South African Report,Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Graduate School of Business, UCT.
Pena,I. (2002).Intellectual capital and business start-up success. Journal of Intellectual Capital,vol 3,no2,pp180 – 198
Phillips, M., Moos,M.,& Nieman,G.(2014).The Impact of Government Support Initiatives on the Growth of Female Businesses in Tshwane South Africa.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,vol 5,no 15,pp 85-92
Reijonen, H. and Komppula, R. (2007). Perception of success and its effect on small firm performance. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol14,no 4,pp 689-701
Roomi ,M.A., Harrison,P.,& Kerridge,J.B.(2009).Women-owned small and medium enterprises in England. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol 16,no 2, pp 270 – 288
Sandberg,W.R.,Hofer,C.V.(1987).Improwing new venture performance :the role of strategy ,industry structure ,and the entrepreneure .Journal of Business Venturing ,vol 2 ,pp5-28
Sarri, K.,& Trihopoulou,A.(2005). Female entrepreneurs' personal characteristics and motivation: a review of the Greek situation.Women in Management Review, vol 20 ,no1,pp 24-36
Sarwoko,E., Surachman, Armanu & Hadiwidjojo , D. (2013). Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Competency as Determinants of Business Performance in SMEs. Journal of Business and Management,vol 7,no3,pp31-38
Schoonjans,B., Cauwenberge ,P.V.,&Bauwhede,H.V.(2011). Formal business networking and SME growth. Small Business Economy,vol41,pp169–181
SedaghatAbkenar,M.(2013). An investigation and identification of the effects :of female entrepreneurs on growth of their businesses (evidences from Tehran’s female entrepreneurs ) ,( M.A Thesis), Faculty of Literature & humanity Sciences ,Department of Social Sciences
Smallbone, D., Leigh, R. and North, D. (1995) The characteristics and strategies of high growth SMEs, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Researchvol1,no 3,pp 44-56
Tenenhaus, M; Amato, S; & Esposito Vinzi, V. (2004). A global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modelling. In Proceedings of the XLII SIS scientific meeting,vol 1,pp 739-742
Werts, C. E; Linn, R. L; & Jöreskog, K. G. (1974). Intraclass reliability estimates: Testing structural assumptions. Educational and Psychological measurement. Vol 34,no 1,pp25-33.
Wiklund, J.(1998). Small firm Growth and performance: entrepreneurship and beyond . Doctoral Dissertation. Jonkoping: Jonkoping International Business School.
Wiklund,J.,& Shepherd, D. (2003).Aspiring for, and achieving growth: The moderating role of resources and opportunities. Journal of Management Studies, vol40,no 8,pp 1919-1941.
_||_
