واکاوی عناصر کالبدی و روابط فضایی خانههای مسکونی دوره پهلوی دوم از منظر ادبیاتداستانی
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه فضای زیستسارا حسینی 1 , فریبا البرزی 2 , امیرحسین امینی 3
1 - گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
کلید واژه: "عناصر کالبدی", " روابط فضایی", " دوره پهلوی دوم", " ادبیاتداستانی",
چکیده مقاله :
خانه بهعنوان محل سکونت و زندگی از مهمترین دغدغههای بشر میباشد که از جنبههای مختلفی از جمله کالبد و روابط فضایی قابل بررسی میباشد. در خانههای مسکونی دوره پهلوی دوم در شهر تهران به سبب رشد جمعیت و افزایش مهاجرت روستاییان به شهرها، ساختمانسازی انبوه در جهت رفع نیازهای مردمی شکل میگیرد که این تغییرات تدریجی اعمالشده را می توان با مطالعه خانههای هر دهه بهطور مجزا جمعبندی کرد. وجود رابطه چند سویه بین متن و مخاطب و فرهنگ عمومی و ارتباط آثار ادبی با رویکردهای موجود در جامعه، دیدگاه پژوهش را به سمت ادبیاتداستانی سوق میدهد تا روند تغییرات خانهها از این دیدگاه مورد بررسی قرار گیرند. به نظر میرسد با بازخوانی داستانهای دوره پهلوی دوم، تغییرات تدریجی اعمالشده در روابط فضایی خانههای مسکونی از منظر کالبدی قابل خوانش هستند تا با شناخت آنها موجبات ارتقای کیفیت خانههای امروزی فراهم آیند. هــدف پژوهش بررسی مولفههای تاثیرگذار بر روابط فضایی و کالبد در فضاهای مختلف خانههای شهر تهران در دوره پهلوی دوم از دیدگاه نویسندگان ادبی میباشد. این پژوهــش با رویکرد کیفی و از نوع فلسفه تفسیری انجام شده است که با رهیافت تحلیل محتوای متن بــه بررســی و شناخت مولفههای کالبــدی خانــههــای دوره پهلوی دوم از متون کتابهای مورد بررسی بهصورت توصیفی-تحلیلی، پرداختهاست. جستوجو در لابهلای متون داستانی جنبه نوآورانه پژوهش میباشد. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهند که در اوایل دوره پهلوی دوم اهمیت و توجه به فضاهای؛ بسته، باز و نیمهباز و روابط فضایی بین آنها بهوضوح دیده میشوند که با نزدیکشدن به دهه 50 ه.ش.، حذف اتاقها از گوشه حیاط، تبدیل هشتی به دالان و راهرو و سپس یک سطح جداکننده در ورودی مشاهده میشوند و با مدرنشدن خانهها حیاط و ایوان بهعنوان عناصر مهم در الگوی خانههای ایرانی که در برگیرنده حوض و انواع پوشش گیاهی میباشند، از ساختار فضایی خانهها کمرنگ و یا حذف گردیدهاند.
The house and knowing its features have always been given a lot of attention and importance by designers and builders in order to increase the quality of human living place.House is an important social need that can be analyzed from different aspects. Therefore, in this regard, knowing and examining the roots affecting the houses of the past, including the physical aspects, can be an important and positive step in improving the quality of new and modern houses.The necessity of creating a house is its body, which has been recognized by many researchers. But the various investigations of the physical aspect to compare the spatial relations of the houses have received less attention, which is why this research has addressed it.According to the surveys conducted in the residential houses of the second Pahlavi period in Tehran, due to the increasing population growth and the increase in the migration of villagers to the cities, mass building is formed to meet the needs of the people, these gradual changes applied by studying the houses of each The decade of this historical period was summarized and analyzed separately.On the other hand, the existence of a multi-directional relationship between the text and the audience and the general culture and the connection of literary works with the existing approaches in the society, leads the research point of view to fiction literature, so that the process of house changes can be investigated from this point of view. In the context of the relationship between literature and society, we can mention the attention and influence of literature into people and society, and the special literary importance of this period was also due to the greater proportion of literary works of this period compared to the periods before and after it. Therefore, since the literary landscape refers to social issues and the realities of society, it seems that by rereading the literary stories of the second Pahlavi period, the gradual changes applied in the spatial relations of residential houses can be read and identified in terms of the physical dimension.The production of literary discourse and the flourishing of residential architecture also necessitates a deep study of the second Pahlavi period.The aim of the current research is to investigate the influential physical components in the different spaces of the houses of Tehran in the second Pahlavi period from the point of view of the literary writers in order to discover the important components of the houses from a new perspective. Also, this research has been done with a qualitative approach and a type of interpretative philosophy, with the approach of analyzing the content of the text and using the classical hermeneutic method, to examine and understand and explore the physical components of the houses of the second Pahlavi period from the texts of the books examined in a descriptive-analytical way. And finally, it has been dealt with by comparative comparison.The research tools were selected from the works of the writers of the second Pahlavi with a purposeful sampling of documentary studies.Finally, the results of the research show that the houses of the early Pahlavi II period are different in terms of physical and shape compared to the houses of the late Pahlavi II period. In the beginning of the second Pahlavi period, the open space of the yard and the porch play an important role in the house, which includes the pond and garden and different types of vegetation, but gradually with the removal of the yard and other architectural elements, including the porch, pond, garden and cover Plants, houses without these elements and sometimes even without a yard and as apartment units are observed. These changes show the gradual changes in the spatial relations of the houses of the second Pahlavi period, which shows the houses specific to that period by examining each decade.In this way, by removing or reducing and changing some elements and components from the plan of the houses, and despite changes in the spatial relations of the houses, the importance of the body and spatial relations in the houses of the decades before the 40s compared to the houses of the 50s and the new appears.
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