مطالعه خوانش بینامتنی بافت لاله زار برپایه مفهوم «فضا-رویداد» در راستای ارتقای کیفی فضا
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه فضای زیست
محمدرضا جاسبی
1
(
کارشناسی ارشد، گروه معماری، واحد پرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پرند، ایران.
)
فاطمه امیریان
2
(
استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد پرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پرند، ایران. نویسنده مسئول.
)
بهمن نامورمطلق
3
(
دانشیار، گروه زبان و ادبیات فرانسه، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: لاله‌زار, خوانش بینامتنی, ارتقای کیفی فضا, فضا-رویداد, بافت باارزش تاریخی,
چکیده مقاله :
این مقاله نوشتاری پیرامون شناسایی موثرترین مولفه های ارتقای کیفی فضا برپایه مفهوم فضا-رویداد در بافت های باارزش به‌کمک خوانش بینامتنی است. بافت مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش، بافت خیابان لاله زار است؛ چرا که این خیابان یکی از قدیمی ترین خیابان های تاریخی-فرهنگی تهران است و در گذشته از آن به‌عنوان یکی از راسته‌های پر رفت‌و‌‌آمد تهران قدیم یاد می شود که خاطرات زیادی برای مخاطبین خود پدید آورده است. نبود فعالیت هـای اجتماعی و فرهنگی مرتبط و همجواری نامناسب، این خیابان را با مسائل فراوانـی مواجـه کـرده‌اند. از آن جا که یکی از بسترهای مورد مطالعه در حوزه نظری معماری معاصر، بحث کیفیت فضا و ارتقای آن است؛ که در این میان صاحب‌نظرانی مانند: بنتلی، راجرز، بل، گلکار و غیره نظریاتی را مطرح کرده اند. برخی از معماران و طراحان شهری بر این باورند که مولفه های موجود به تنهایی پاسخگوی ارتقای کیفی بافت های باارزش نیستند. هدف از این نوشتار؛ مطالعه، بررسی و توجه به زوایای پنهان تاثیر مولفه های فضا-رویداد بر کیفیت فضا توسط خوانش بینامتنی در بافت لاله زار است. از این‌رو روش پژوهش مورد استفاده از نوع کیفی تفسیری است که به مطالعه و بررسی آرای نظریه پردازان حوزه های مختلف پرداخته و هم‌زمان با مطالعه کتابخانه ای-اسنادی، ضمن حضور در متن بناها از مصاحبه نیز استفاده گردیده است. در انتهای مطالعات نیز، داده ها به روش تفسیری و تحلیل محتوای کیفی، با کمک دو نرم‌افزار SPSS 22 و MAXQDA 2020 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته اند. پرسش اصلی این پژوهش آن است که: چگونه می توان از طریق خوانش بینامتنی، به مولفه های قابل اتکا و مولفه های موثر در ارتقای کیفی در روند طراحی فضا در بافت های باارزش دست یافت؟ نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهند که مولفه های ادراک فضا، وابستگی به روند طبیعی زندگی (تناسب، نظم، پویایی)، شکل دهی به فضا (تنوع و سلسله مراتب) جزو موثرترین مولفه ها در ارتقای کیفی بافت های باارزش هستند.
The Intertextual Reading of Lalehzar Context Based on Event-Space Concept for Improving Its Spatial QualityAbstract: As valuable traditional pieces of the past, historical and cultural contexts are indispensable parts of any society, highlighting the importance of their preservation and restoration. Generally, historic sites carry the bio-codes of generations who left their distinct traces at a point in time. Without a shadow of a doubt, these unique footprints shape the cultural capital of any nation, including memories and mental images of citizens, leading to the basis of their identity. This article aimed to determine the most influential factors in improving the spatial quality of valuable urban context based on the concept of “event-space” through an intertextual reading. The selected area in this study was the Lalehzar context, one of Tehran's oldest historical and cultural streets. Reminiscing with vivid memories from the past citizens, Lalehzar street was a representation of modern life. This is why it consists of a significant number of cinemas, hotels, cafes, boutiques, and markets as modern functional representations, being an appropriate container for various social-cultural events and modern behavior. However, during the last seven decades, this area has lost its identity because of the city development and its negative consequences. Unfortunately, a large part of this historic district has been damaged due to the absence of social and cultural activities and an unfit neighborhood. Many symbolic spaces in Lalehzar have been destroyed or are on the verge of destruction. The place is now mainly used for everyday activities, entirely in contradiction with the physical body of the street in the form of electronics stores, resulting in intensified visual pollution. Given its rich history in Tehran and its exceptional location neighboring Baharestan Square and Toopkhaneh Square, Lalehzar Street has a brilliant capacity to accept new uses befitting its cultural and historical status. In doing so, the spatial quality and its improvement as an area of theoretical study in contemporary architecture were put into consideration, and the research and views of experts like Bentley, Rogers, Bell, and Golkar have been compared and analyzed. Some architects and urban designers believe that current factors are insufficient for the quality improvement of valuable contexts. Considering that the history and backgrounds of buildings are crucial in urban design and quality improvement, the intertextual approach was chosen to reinforce available potential and eliminate disharmonious parts. Intertextuality refers to the various relationships of texts, and intertextual reading allows studying different layers of a text and utilizing hermeneutics, the science of interpretation and change. Meanwhile, what is so important about this area was the events that took place here granted a lively atmosphere, almost equal to its physical representations and history that the built environment historians usually pay attention to. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to find the hidden dimensions of the effects of event space on spatial quality in Lalehzar through intertextual reading. The main research question was posed as follows: How can we determine the reliable and influential factors in spatial design quality improvement in valuable contexts through intertextual reading? In this qualitative interpretive research, the views of experts in event-space and spatial quality were first studied. To collect the data, in addition to the library resources and documentary research, interviews were conducted with the space users and audiences, whether at the buildings or in their neighborhood. To narrow down the study for accurate results, five landmark event spaces (Grand Hotel, Nasr Theater, Pars Theater, Pars Café, and Alborz Cinema) were selected through purposeful sampling, and they were studied and analyzed over two years. The data were coded via interpretive and content analysis, and eventually, SPSS and MAXQDA were used to analyze the extracting data. The former was used for quantities analysis resulting in a diagram of crucial factors for improving the quality of space based on the theorists’ writings, while the latter was used for creating some graphical coding diagrams for both the conducted research and interviews. The study’s results indicated that space perception, attachment to the natural flow of life (proportion, order, dynamicity), and spatial formation (variety and hierarchy) were the most influential factors in improving the quality of valuable contexts.Keywords: Intertextual Reading; Event-Space; Space quality enhancement; Lalezar; Valuable historical context.
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