3D Analysis of Improved Soft Ground with a Group of Floating of Stone Columns Laid on the Appropriate Bed

محورهای موضوعی : ایمنی زیستی

Mohammad Shabani ¹ , Mehdi Hatami ² , Hasan Golmaee ³ , Saman Arechi ⁴

1 - Technical College of Imam Sadiq, Technical and Vocational University, Babol, Iran
2 - Geotechnical Engineering, Saroyeh institute of Higher Education,Sari,Iran
3 - Associate Professor,Saroyeh Institute of Higher Education,Sari,Iran
4 - Geotechnical Engineering,Tabari Institute of Higher Education,Babol,Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/04/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/05/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/11

کلید واژه: numerical analysis, Stone Column, Ground Improvement, PLAXIS 3D,

چکیده مقاله :

One of the proper methods to improve the soft and loose ground is the use of stone columns. High shear strength and low compressibility materials substituted for soft and loose soils with low shear strength and increased compressibility will transfer a significant part of the loads applied to the foundation in the soil and stone columns will improve the soil. The investigation of the previous studies has revealed that most of the numerical analyses are conducted in 2D forms by the equivalence of stone columns or a single cell. Therefore, the numerical analysis of improved soft-ground with stone columns has been investigated using the finite element PLAXIS 3D software. To this end, four layouts of stone column group were used under the foundation with various numbers of columns of 4, 9, 16 and 25. The depth of improvement was considered 6m and 10m for floating and laid on a suitable bed, respectively. The results of decreasing the percentage of a ground settlement for various groups of stone columns and improvement depths of 6m and 10m were in the ranges of 15-49% and 17-63%, respectively. Besides, the shear strain distribution and the amount of stress decreased due to the increase in the number of columns. At the end, a design diagram was presented to examine the reduction of the ground settlement in two improvement modes with an improvement depth of 6 m and 10 m compared with the unimproved ground.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Ahmed Naseem, A. K., Patil, K. A., (2018). Application of Geo Reinforced Stone-Column Technique for Soft Clay Soil Ground Improvement—A Review, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical.


2. Lee, J.S., Pande, G.N., (1998). Analysis of stone column reinforced foundations, Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech, 22:1001–1020.


3. Mokhtari, M., Kalantari, B., (2012). Soft soil stabilization using stone columns—A Review, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17, pp 1459-1466.


4. Hughes, J. M. O., Withers, N. J., Greenwood, D. A., (1976). A field trial of reinforcing effect of stone column in soil, Proc., Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, Institution of Civil Engineers, London 32–44.


5. Madhav, M. R., Vitkar, P. P., (1978). Strip footing on weak clay stabilized with a granular trench or pile”, Can.Geotech. J, 15(4), 605–609.


6. Aboshi, H., Ichimoto, E., Harada, K., Emoki, M., (1979). The composer—A method to improve the characteristics of soft clays by inclusion of large diameter sand columns, Proc., Int. Conf. on Soil Reinforcement, E.N.P.C., 1, Paris 211–216.


7. Greenwood, D. A., (1970). Mechanical improvement of soils below ground surfaces, Proc., Ground Engineering Conf., Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 11–22.


8. Jellali, B., Bouassida, M., De Buhan, P., (2005). A homogenization method for estimating the bearing capacity of soils reinforced by stone columns, Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech, 29(10), 989–1004.


9. Priebe, H. J., (1995). The design of vibro replacement, Ground Eng, 28(12), 31–37.


10. Poorooshasb, H. B., Meyerhof, G. G., (1997). Analysis of behavior of stone columns and lime columns” comput geotech, 20(1):47-70.


11. McCabe, B. A., McNeill, J. A., Black, J. A., (2007). Ground Improvement Using the Vibro-Stone Column Technique, The Institution of Engineers of Ireland.


12. Isaac, D. S., (2009). Suitability of Different Materials for Stone Column Construction, M. Tech Thesis, College of engineering Trivandrum.


13. Halabian, A. M., Naeemifar, I., Hashemolhosseini, S. H., (2012). Numerical analysis of verticallyloaded rammed aggregatepiers and pier groups, Ground Improvement, pp 167–181.


14. Sakr, M., Shahin, M., Farouk, A., Khaled Moneim, K., (2017). Numerical Modeling of Stone Columns in Soft Clay for Drained and Undrained Conditions, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (22.06), pp 1907-1924. 


15. Shabani R‌a‌m‌e‌n‌e‌t‌i, M. J., R‌o‌w‌s‌h‌a‌n‌z‌a‌m‌i‌r, M. A., (2016). N‌umerical I‌nvestigation of Sand Embankment S‌tability over S‌oft Clays Retrofitted with S‌tone C‌olumns, Sharif Journal of Civil Engineering, 32.2(3.2), pp. 125-132.


16. Murugesan, s., Rajagopal, k., (2006). Geosynthetic-encased stone columns: Numerical evaluation, Geotextiles and Geomembranes 24, 349–358.


17. Ambily, A. P., Grandhi, S. R., (2007). Behavior of stone columns based on experimental and FEM analysis, J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE, 133(4):405-415.


18. Zahmatkesh, A., Choobbasti A. J., (2010). Settlement evaluation of soft clay reinforced with stone columns using the equivalent secant modulus, Arab J Geisci, 5:103-109.


19. Deb, K., Chandra, S., Basudhar, P. K., (2008). Response of multilayer geosynthetic-reinforced bed resting on soft soil with stone columns, Computers and Geotechnics, 35:323-330.


20. Deb, K., Samadhiya, N. K., Namdeo, J. B., (2011). Laboratory model studies on unreinforced and geofrid-reinforced sand bed over stone column-improved soft clay, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 29:190-196.


21. Mengfei, Q., Xie, Q., Cao, X., Zhao, W., He, J., Jin, J., (2016). Model test of stone columns as liquefaction countermeasure in sandy soils, Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 10, no. 4, 481-487.


22. Hosseinpour, I., Almeida, M., Riccio, M., (2016). Ground improvement of soft soil by geotextile-encased columns, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement 169, no. 4, 297-305.


23. Nehab, N., Baba, K., Ouadif, L., Bahi, L., (2017). Numerical Simulations of Ground Improvement Using Stone Columns in Bouregreg Valley, In International Congress and Exhibition, Sustainable Civil Infrastructures: Innovative Infrastructure Geotechnology, (pp. 66-88). Springer, Cham.


24. GuhaRay, A., Roy, A., (2018). November. Reliability Analysis of Stone Column Improved Soft Soil by Finite Element Approach. In International Congress and Exhibition, Sustainable Civil Infrastructures: Innovative Infrastructure Geotechnology, (pp. 39-50). Springer, Cham.


25. Shabani, M.J., Farokhzad, F., Mirzaee, S. and Eliasy, M., (2019). Numerical analysis of the performance of geogrid-reinforced stone columns in soft soil. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 24, pp.1233-1249.


26. Killeen, M. M., McCabe, B. A., (2014). Settlement performance of pad footings on soft clay supported by stone columns: a numerical study, Soils and Foundations, 54(4), pp.760-776.


27. Hu, W., Wood, D. M., Steward, W., (1997). Ground improvement using stone column foundation: results of model tests, Proc. Int. Conf. on Ground Improvement techniques, Macau 247-256.


28. Jalili, M., Zare, A. and Shabani, M.J., (2019). Parametric and numerical study on soft ground improvement using stone column reinforced with geogrid. Journal of Engineering Geology, 12(4), pp.571-598.


29. Castro, J., (2014). Numerical modelling of stone columns beneath a rigid footing. Computers and Geotechnics, 60, pp.77-87.