Enhancing Production Process Performance in Traditional Shipyards: An Integrated Approach for Waste Identification and Performance Optimization

محورهای موضوعی : Strategy

Fitriadi Fitriadi ¹ ( Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Teuku Umar, 23681, Aceh Barat, Indonesia )
Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob ² ( Program of Naval Architecture & Maritime Technology, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia )

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/07/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/08/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/06/11

کلید واژه: Waste identification, PDCA-CR, Performance optimization, Traditional shipyard industry (TSI),

چکیده مقاله :

This research introduces an innovative approach to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in traditional shipyard production. It aims to identify and categorize various production waste types and propose performance optimization strategies. The approach integrates the PDCA-CR method with the Waste Assessment Model (WAM), Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and Value Stream Analysis Tool (VALSAT) to effectively categorize waste in ship production processes. Subsequently, waste analysis and performance optimization techniques, such as lean principles and process reengineering, are applied to improve identified processes, enhancing overall performance, productivity, and profitability. The study provides valuable insights into traditional shipbuilding production processes by identifying various waste types, including transportation, excess inventory, unnecessary movement, waiting times, overprocessing, overproduction, and product defects. This analysis enables shipyards to pinpoint areas for improvement and implement optimization methods to boost performance and profitability. While primarily focused on the shipyard industry, the approach''s applicability to other sectors should be explored, along with potential implementation challenges. Practically, it offers shipyards a tool to reduce inefficiencies and improve performance, ensuring competitiveness in the maritime industry. Socially, enhanced production processes can lead to job creation, economic growth, and industry development while promoting environmentally sustainable practices. In summary, this research presents a tailored integrated approach combining waste identification and performance optimization strategies for traditional shipyards, offering a comprehensive framework to enhance production process performance.

منابع و مأخذ:

Abreu, M. F., Alves, A. C., & Moreira, F. (2017). Lean-Green models for eco-efficient and sustainable production. Energy, 137, 846-843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.016.

Andrade, P. F., Pereira, V. G., & Del Conte, E. G. (2016). Value stream mapping and lean simulation: a case study in automotive company. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 85(1–4), 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7972-7.

Anvari, A., Zulkifli, N., Yusuff, R. M., Mohammad, S., Hojjati, H., & Ismail, Y. (2011). A proposed dynamic model for a lean roadmap. African Journal of Business Management, 5(16), 6727-6737. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM.

Badrus, M., Head, Z., Siswantoro, N., & Nandiansyah, R. R. (2019). Risk Assessment in Ship Repair Scheduling. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 10(03), 1-8. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=10&Issue=3http://iaeme.comhttp://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET2.

Bajjou, M. S., Chafi, A., & En-Nadi, A. (2017). A comparative study between lean construction and the traditional production system. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 29, 118-132. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.29.118.

Bhattacharya, A., Nand, A., & Castka, P. (2019). Lean-green integration and its impact on sustainability performance: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 236 (117697),  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117697.

Bodul, D., & Jakovac, P. (2020). Shipyard bankruptcy policy: A solution in search of a problem. Pomorstvo, Scientific Journal of Maritime Research, 34(1), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.1.6.

BPS RI. (2021). Pendapatan Pendapatan Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia  Tahun 2021. BPS.GO.ID. Ekonomi.triwulanIV   

Burawat, P. (2019). Productivity Improvement of Carton Manufacturing Industry by Implementation of Lean Six Sigma, ECRS, Work Study, and 5S: A Case Study of ABC Co., Ltd. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 7(4), 785-793. https://civilica.com/doc/1242230.

Chaudhari, T., & Raut, N. (2017). Waste Elimination by Lean Manufacturing. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 4(5), 168-170. https://ijiset.com/vol4/v4s5/IJISET_V4_I05_28.pdf.

Chiarini, A. (2011). Japanese total quality control, TQM, deming’s system of profound knowledge, BPR, lean and six sigma: Comparison and discussion. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 2(4), 332-355. https://doi.org/10.1108/20401461111189425.

da Silva, A. F., Marins, F. A. S., Dias, E. X., & Ushizima, C. A. (2021). Improving manufacturing cycle efficiency through new multiple criteria data envelopment analysis models: an application in green and lean manufacturing processes. Production Planning and Control, 32(2), 104-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1713413.

De Steur, H., Wesana, J., Dora, M. K., Pearce, D., & Gellynck, X. (2016). Applying Value Stream Mapping to reduce food losses and wastes in supply chains: A systematic review. Waste Management, 58, 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.025.

Dekrita Jauza, S., Prakoso, I., & Sibarani, A. A. (2021). Proposal Improvement to Increase Equipment Effectiveness and Reduse Waste Levels in SME Plastic Straw Prodecer with a Total Productive Maintenance Approach and Waste Assessment Model. Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Engineering (ICSE-UIN-SUKA 2021), Atlantis Press, 186-193. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.211222.031. 

Dhiravidamani, P., Ramkumar, A. S., Ponnambalam, S. G., & Subramanian, N. (2018). Implementation of lean manufacturing and lean audit system in an auto parts manufacturing industry–an industrial case study. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 31(6), 579-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2017.1356473.

E Cress, P., & Fiala, T. (2022). Adapting the Toyota Production System in Plastic Surgery Practices to Improve Practice Management and the User Experience. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 42(7), 830-832. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjac001.

Edwin Joseph, R., Kanya, N., Bhaskar, K., Francis Xavier, J., Sendilvelan, S., Prabhahar, M., Kanimozhi, N., & Geetha, S. (2020). Analysis on productivity improvement, using lean manufacturing concept. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45(7), 7176-7182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.412.

Erlina Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Ade Heryana, Fori Yumita, Mulyo Wiharto, & Lia Amalia. (2021). Framing Improvement of Emergency Services RSKJ Soeprapto Hospital with Lean and WAM Modification. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 2(3), 608-620. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i3.220.

Estiasih, S. P., Sutejo, B., Hendroprasetyo, W., & Putra, A. (2017). Lean and Green Manufacturing Design at Smes’s Madura Shipyard with Value Stream Mapping Tool and Simulation Model. Academic Research International, 8(4), 194-202. www.savap.org.pk194www.journals.savap.org.pk.

Fatouh, T., Elbelehy, C., Abdelsalam, A., Elakkad, E., & Abdelshafie, A. (2020). Time Compression in Engineer-to-Order Industry: A Case Study of a Norwegian Shipbuilding Industry. International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 14(12), 624–629. www.publication.waset.org/10011687/pdf.    

Febianti, E., Irman, A., & Juliana, M. (2020). Implementation of lean manufacturing using waste assessment model model (WAM) in food industry (case study in usaha mikro kecil menengah (umkm) xyz). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 909(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/909/1/012066.

Ferreira, W. de P., Armellini, F., Santa-Eulalia, L. A. de, & Thomasset-Laperrière, V. (2022). Extending the lean value stream mapping to the context of Industry 4.0: An agent-based technology approach. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 63. 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.02.002.

Fitriadi, F., & Ayob, A. F. M. (2022). Identifying the Shipyard Waste: An Application of the Lean Manufacturing Approach. International Journal of Global Optimization and Its Application, 1(2), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.56225/IJGOIA.V1I2.19.

Fitriadi, F., Faisal, A., & Ayob, M. (2023). Continuous Improvement Strategy in Traditional Shipyard Industry: A Holistic Approach towards Sustainability. Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, 16, 255–268. https://doi.org/10.22094/JOIE.2023.1982419.2052.

Garre, P., Nikhil Bharadwaj, V. V. S., Shiva Shashank, P., Harish, M., & Sai Dheeraj, M. (2017). Applying lean in aerospace manufacturing. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(8), 8439-8446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.189.

Gupta, S., & Jain, S. K. (2013). A literature review of lean manufacturing. International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 8(4), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509653.2013.825074.

Gupta, V., Narayanamurthy, G., & Acharya, P. (2018). Can lean lead to green? Assessment of radial tyre manufacturing processes using system dynamics modelling. Computers and Operations Research, 89(C), 284-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2017.03.015.

Habidin, N. F., Hashim, S., Fuzi, N. M., & Salleh, M. I. (2018). Total productive maintenance, kaizen event, and performance. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 35(9), 1853–1867. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-11-2017-0234.

Haekal, J. (2022). The Integration of Lean Manufacturing and Promodel Simulation in the Shampoo Production Process with the VALSAT and VSM Method Approach. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), 4(11), 36-41. http://ijmrap.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IJMRAP-V4N10P151Y22.pdf.

Halawi, L., Mccarthy, R., & Aronson, J. (2017). Success Stories in Knowledge Management Systems Issues in Information Systems. Issues in Information Systems, 18(1), 64-77. https://commons.erau.edu/publication/559.

Henny, H., & Budiman, H. R. (2018). Implementation lean manufacturing using Waste Assessment Model (WAM) in shoes company. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 407(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012077.

Hidayati, N. N., & Nurhidayat, A. E. (2021). Analisis Penyebab Kecacatan Produk Dengan Metode Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Failure Mode And Effect Analysis (FMEA) dan Waste Assessment Model (WAM) Di PT Yupi Indo Jelly Gum. Jurnal Optimasi Teknik Industri (JOTI), 3(2), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.30998/joti.v3i2.10460.

Hines, P., & Rich, N. (1997). The seven value stream mapping tools. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 17(1), 46-64. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579710157989.

Hines, P., Rich, N., & Esain, A. (1998). Creating a lean supplier network: A distribution industry case. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 4(4), 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-7012(98)00015-X.

Horváth, D., & Szabó, R. Z. (2019). Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.021.

Inderawibowo, Z., Asyari, H., & AA Sibarani. (2020). Implementation of Lean Manufacturing with Waste Assessment Model (WAM) Approach in A Small Muffler Industry in Purbalingga. Proceeding ICMA-SURE-2020, The 3rd International Conference On Multidisciplinary Approaches For Sustainable Rural Development, 83-90. http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/eprocicma/article/view/4442/2462.

Inozu, B., Niccolai, M. J., Whitcomb, C. A., Macclaren, B., Radovic, I., & Bourg, D. (2006). New horizons for shipbuilding process improvement. Journal of Ship Production, 22(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2006.22.2.87.

Jamil, N., Gholami, H., Saman, M. Z. M., Streimikiene, D., Sharif, S., & Zakuan, N. (2020). DMAIC-based approach to sustainable value stream mapping: towards a sustainable manufacturing system. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 33(1), 331–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1715236.

Jufrijal, J., & Fitriadi, F. (2022). Identifikasi Waste Crude Palm Oil dengan Menggunakan Waste Assessment Model. Jurnal INTECH Teknik Industri Universitas Serang Raya, 8(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.30656/INTECH.V8I1.4387.

Jylhä, T. (2021). The Toyota Production System. A Handbook of Management Theories and Models for Office Environments and Services, 1st Edition, 152–162. Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003128786-13.

Kadarova, J., & Demecko, M. (2016). New Approaches in Lean Management. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30234-9.

Kasanah, Y. U., & Suryadhini, P. P. (2021). Identifikasi Pemborosan Aktivitas di Lantai Produksi PSR Menggunakan Process Activity Mapping dan Waste Assessment Model. Jurnal INTECH Teknik Industri Universitas Serang Raya, 7(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.30656/intech.v7i2.3880.

Kholil, M., Suparno, A., & Aprilia, R. (2022). Lean Approach for Waste Reduction in Production Line by Integrating DMAIC, VSM, and VALSAT Method (Study Case: Assembling Bracket Manufacturing Automotive Industry). Journal of Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS), 5(1), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.35335/idss.v5i1.30.

Klotz, L., Horman, M., Bi, H. H., & Bechtel, J. (2008). The impact of process mapping on transparency. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 57(8), 623–636. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400810916053.

Kolic, D., Storch, R. L., & Fafanđel, N. (2012). Value stream mapping methodology for pre-assembly steel processes in shipbuilding. Proceedings of International Conference on Innovative Technologies In-Tech 2012, 1, 365-368.  https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/663248.In-Tech_2012_Value_stream_mapping.pdf.

Kumar, S. R., Nathan, V. N., Ashique, S. I. M., Rajkumar, V., & Karthick, P. A. (2020). Productivity enhancement and cycle time reduction in toyota production system through jishuken activity - Case study. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37(Part 2), 964–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.181.

Kunkera, Z., Tošanović, N., & Štefanić, N. (2022). Improving the Shipbuilding Sales Process by Selected Lean Management Tool. Machines, 10(9),766. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10090766.

Kurilova-Palisaitiene, J., Sundin, E., & Poksinska, B. (2018). Remanufacturing challenges and possible lean improvements. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 3225-3236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.023.

Kurniawan, M. R., & Rochmoeljati, Rr. (2022). Study on Implementation of Lean Six Sigma in Hospital Auxiliary Ship Block Construction Process. Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi Kelautan, 19(3), 112-121. https://doi.org/10.14710/KAPAL.V19I3.46155.

Kusrini, E., & Parmasari, A. N. (2020). Productivity improvement for unit terminal container using lean supply chainmanagement and single minute exchange of dies (SMED): A case study at Semarang port in Indonesia. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 12(1), 122-131. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2020.12.01.013.

Lacerda, A. P., Xambre, A. R., & Alvelos, H. M. (2016). Applying Value Stream Mapping to eliminate waste: A case study of an original equipment manufacturer for the automotive industry. International Journal of Production Research, 54(6), 1708–1720. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1055349.

Liu, Q., & Yang, H. (2020a). An improved value stream mapping to prioritize lean optimization scenarios using simulation and multiple-attribute decision-making method. IEEE Access, 8, 204914–204930. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3037660.

Liu, Q., & Yang, H. (2020b). Incorporating Variability in Lean Manufacturing: A Fuzzy Value Stream Mapping Approach. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020,1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1347054.

Maalouf, M. M., & Zaduminska, M. (2019). A case study of vsm and smed in the food processing industry. Management and Production Engineering Review, 10(2), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.24425/mper.2019.129569.

Martínez León, H. C., & Calvo-Amodio, J. (2017). Towards lean for sustainability: Understanding the interrelationships between lean and sustainability from a systems thinking perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 4384-4402. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2016.11.132.

Mccracken, K. (2022). The Toyota Production System (TPS) in a Non-Traditional Manufacturing Environment: The Role of Standardization in the Fast-Food industry. Theses and Dissertations—Manufacturing Systems Engineering. 12, University of Kentucky, Kentucky. https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2022.108.

Meudt, T., Metternich, J., & Abele, E. (2017). Value stream mapping 4.0: Holistic examination of value stream and information logistics in production. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 66(1), 413-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.005.

Mishra, A. K., Sharma, A., Sachdeo, M., & Jayakrishna, K. (2020). Development of sustainable value stream mapping (SVSM) for unit part manufacturing: A simulation approach. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 11(3), 493–514. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-04-2018-0036.

Mohammed, M. A. (2020). Lean And The ECRS Principle: Developing A Framework To Minimise Waste In Healthcare Sectors. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 7(3), 98-110.  https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.7.3.98.

Muflihah, N. (2017). Implementasi Lean Manufacture Dengan Metode Vsm Untuk Mengurangi Waste Pada Proses Produksi Kapal (Studi Kasus PT. PAL Divisi Kaprang). Reaktom : Rekayasa Keteknikan Dan Optimasi, 2(1) 16-21. https://doi.org/10.33752/reaktom.v2i1.150.

Muñoz-Villamizar, A., Santos, J., Garcia-Sabater, J. J., Lleo, A., & Grau, P. (2019). Green value stream mapping approach to improving productivity and environmental performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(3), 608–625. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2018-0216.

Narayanamurthy, G., Gurumurthy, A., Subramanian, N., & Moser, R. (2018). Assessing the readiness to implement lean in healthcare institutions – A case study. International Journal of Production Economics, 197, 123-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.12.028.

Naziihah, A., Arifin, J., & Nugraha, B. (2022). Identifikasi Waste Menggunakan Waste Assessment Model (WAM) di Warehouse Raw Material PT. XYZ. Jurnal Media Teknik Dan Sistem Industri, 6(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.35194/JMTSI.V6I1.1599.

Paramawardhani, H., & Amar, K. (2020). Waste Identification in Production Process Using Lean Manufacturing: A Case Study. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Halal Industries, 1(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.14421/jiehis.1827.

Pomalia, F., Iftadi, I., & Astuti, R. D. (2020). Waste analysis of fuselage assembly in panelization group of the 117th NC212i aircraft. Jurnal Sistem Dan Manajemen Industri, 4(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.30656/jsmi.v4i1.2187.

Praharsi, Y., Jami’in, M. A., Suhardjito, G., Reong, S., & Wee, H. M. (2022). Supply chain performance for a traditional shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. Benchmarking, 29(2), 622–663. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-05-2020-0232.

Praharsi, Y., Jami’in, M. A., Suhardjito, G., & Wee, H. M. (2019). Modeling a traditional fishing boat building in East Java, Indonesia. Ocean Engineering, 189(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106234.

Praharsi, Y., Jami’in, M. A., Suhardjito, G., & Wee, H. M. (2021). The application of Lean Six Sigma and supply chain resilience in maritime industry during the era of COVID-19. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 12(4), 800–834. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-11-2020-0196.

Praharsi, Y., Jami’In, M. A., Suhardjito, G., & Wee, H. M. (2021). The performance of traditional boatbuilding project in east java, indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 34-45. http://www.ieomsociety.org/singapore2021/papers/9.pdf.

Prambudi, W. R., & Giyanti, I. (2021). Lean Analysis Framework for Waste Management: A Case of Indonesian Textile Company. Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri, 20(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.25077/josi.v20.n1.p11-21.2021.

Primo, M. A. M., DuBois, F. L., de Oliveira, M. de L. M. C., Amaro, E. S. D. de M., & Moser, D. D. N. (2021). Lean manufacturing implementation in time of crisis: the case of Estaleiro Atlântico Sul. Production Planning and Control, 32(8). 623-640 https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1747655.

Rahayu Putri, A., Herlina, L., & Ferro Ferdinant, P. (2017). Identifikasi Waste Menggunakan Waste Assessment Model (WAM) Pada Lini Produksi PT. KHI Pipe Industries. Jurnal Teknik Industri, 5(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.36055/jiss.v1i2.1537.

Ramani, P. V., & KSD, L. K. L. (2021). Application of lean in construction using value stream mapping. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 28(1), 216–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2018-0572.

Rathore, B., Pundir, A. K., Iqbal, R., & Gupta, R. (2022). Development of fuzzy based ergonomic-value stream mapping (E-VSM) tool: a case study in Indian glass artware industry. Production Planning and Control. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2022.2035447.

Rauch, E., Dallasega, P., & Matt, D. T. (2017). Critical Factors for Introducing Lean Product Development to Small and Medium sized Enterprises in Italy. Procedia CIRP, 60. 362-367 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.01.031.

Rawabdeh, I. A. (2005). A model for the assessment of waste in job shop environments. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 25(8), 800–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570510608619.

Reda, H., & Dvivedi, A. (2022). Application of value stream mapping (VSM) in low-level technology organizations: a case study. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(6), 2393–2409. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2021-0118.

Riyadi, M. (2017). Pengaruh  Non Value Added Activity terhadap Manufacturing Cycle Effectiveness Proses Produksi Kapal. http://dspace.hangtuah.ac.id:8080/xmlui/handle/dx/797.

Rizwan, T., Rizki, A., Salsabila, U., Muhammad, M., Maulana, R., Chaliluddin, M. A., Affan, J. M., Thaib, R., Suhendrianto, S., & Muchlis, Y. (2021). Literature review on shipyard productivity in Indonesia. Depik, 10(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.10.1.18712.

Rosarina, D., Lestari, S., Dinata, J. C., & Tangerang, U. M. (2022). Eliminasi Waste Pada Proses Produksi Malt Powder Dengan Metode VSM dan VALSAT  (Studi Kasus PT. XYZ). Jurnal Teknik, 11(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.31000/JT.V11I1.5593.

Rother, M., & Shook, J. (2003). Learning to See Value Stream Mapping to Create Value and Eliminate Muda. Lean Enterprise Institute Brookline, Massachusetts. https://doi.org/10.1109/6.490058.

Salvador, R., Barros, M. V., dos Santos, G. E. T., van Mierlo, K. G., Piekarski, C. M., & de Francisco, A. C. (2021). Towards a green and fast production system: Integrating life cycle assessment and value stream mapping for decision making. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 87, 106519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106519.

Salwin, M., Jacyna-Gołda, I., Bańka, M., Varanchuk, D., & Gavina, A. (2021). Using value stream mapping to eliminate waste: A case study of a steel pipe manufacturer. Energies, 14(12), 3527. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123527.

Satria, T. (2018). Perancangan Lean Manufacturing dengan Menggunakan Waste Assessment Model (WAM) dan VALSAT untuk Meminimumkan Waste (Studi Kasus: PT. XYZ). Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri, 7(1), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.26593/jrsi.v7i1.2828.55-63.

Schoeman, Y., Oberholster, P., & Somerset, V. (2020). Value Stream Mapping as a Supporting Management Tool to Identify the Flow of Industrial Waste: A Case Study. Sustainability, 13(1), 91 https://doi.org/10.3390/su130.

Seth, D., Seth, N., & Dhariwal, P. (2017). Application of value stream mapping (VSM) for lean and cycle time reduction in complex production environments: a case study. Production Planning and Control, 28(5), 398–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2017.1300352.

Setiawan, S., Setiawan, I., Jaqin, C., Prabowo, H. A., & Purba, H. H. (2021). Integration of waste assessment model and lean automation to improve process cycle efficiency in the automotive industry. Quality Innovation Prosperity, 25(3), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.12776/qip.v25i3.1613.

Shah, D., & Patel, P. (2018). Productivity Improvement by Implementing Lean Manufacturing Tools In Manufacturing Industry. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(3), 3794-3798. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V5/i3/IRJET-V5I3888.pdf.

Sharma, S., & Gandhi, P. J. (2017). Scope and impact of implementing lean principles & practices in shipbuilding. Procedia Engineering, 194, 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.140.

Shou, W., Wang, J., Wu, P., Wang, X., & Chong, H. Y. (2017). A cross-sector review on the use of value stream mapping. International Journal of Production Research 55(13), 3906-3928. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1311031.

Singh, P., & Singh, H. (2012). Application of lean tool (value stream mapping) in minimisation of the non-value added waste: (A case study of tractor industry). Applied Mechanics and Materials, 110-116, 2062–2066. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.110-116.2062.

Soh, M. C., Shamsuddin, S. M., & Hasan, S. (2019). A New Framework for Dynamical Resources Planning System in Shipbuilding Industry. Int. J. Advance Soft Compu. Appl, 11(1), 146-165. http://www.i-csrs.org/Volumes/ijasca/10_Pages146-165_A-New-Framework-for-Dynamical-Resources-Planning-System-in-Shipbuilding-Industry.pdf.

Stadnicka, D., & Litwin, P. (2019). Value stream mapping and system dynamics integration for manufacturing line modelling and analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 208. 400-4011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.12.011.

Storch, R. L., & Williamson, M. (2003). Technology value analysis of the ship contract design value stream. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 129. 147-158 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35698-3.

Suhardi, B., Anisa, N., & Laksono, P. W. (2019). Minimizing waste using lean manufacturing and ECRS principle in Indonesian furniture industry. Cogent Engineering, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2019.1567019.

Sukisno, & Singgih, M. L. (2019). Location Selection Analysis for New Shipyard Using Integration of DEMATEL and ANP: A Case Study (PT IKI). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 598(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/598/1/012109.

Sulaiman, J., Sasono, S., & Susilo, S. (2017). Factors Affecting Shipbuilding Productivity. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 961–975.

Sultan, F. A., Routroy, S., & Thakur, M. (2021). A simulation-based performance investigation of downstream operations in the Indian Surimi Supply Chain using environmental value stream mapping. Journal of Cleaner Production, 286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125389.

Suparno, A., Kholil, M., Sa’diyah, F., & H Hasan, S. Bin. (2021). Implementation of Lean Manufacturing and Waste Minimization to Overcome Delay in Metering Regulating System Fabrication Process using Value Stream Mapping and VALSAT Method Approach (Case Study: Company YS). International Journal of Advanced Technology in Mechanical, Mechatronics and Materials, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.37869/ijatec.v2i1.41.

Suwasono, S., Hapsari, S. S. E., Suryaningrat, I. B., & Soemarno, D. (2022). Lean Manufacturing Implementation in Indonesian Coffee Processor. International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(2), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v3i2.96.

Tan, E., Lai, H., Ng, F., Yun, J., Arokiam, I. C., Heng, J., & Joo, A. (2020). Barriers Affecting Successful Lean Implementation in Singapore’s Shipbuilding Industry: A Case Study. OPERATIONS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, 13(2), 166–175.

Tannady, H., Gunawan, E., Nurprihatin, F., & Wilujeng, F. R. (2019). PROCESS IMPROVEMENT TO REDUCE WASTE IN THE BIGGEST INSTANT NOODLE MANUFACTURING COMPANY IN SOUTH EAST ASIA. 2, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes17-18951.

Tebiary, A. A., Suastika, K. I., & Ma’ruf, B. (2017). Analysis Of Non Value Added Activity On Ship Production Process Approach Concept Of Value Stream Mapping Case Study At PT. Dumas Tanjung Perak Shipyard Surabaya. Wave: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Maritim, 11(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.29122/JURNALWAVE.V11I1.2056.

Tyagi, S., Choudhary, A., Cai, X., & Yang, K. (2015). Value stream mapping to reduce the lead-time of a product development process. International Journal of Production Economics, 160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.11.002.

Veres, C., Marian, L., Moica, S., & Al-Akel, K. (2018). Case study concerning 5S method impact in an automotive company. Procedia Manufacturing, 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.127.

Widodo, S. M., Astanti, R. D., Ai, T. J., & Samadhi, T. M. A. A. (2020). Seven-waste framework of waste identification and elimination for computer-based administrative work. TQM Journal, 33(4), 773–803. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-04-2020-0072.

Xue, L., Shi, G., Dai, D., & Xu, Y. (2020). Two-Stage Efficiency Structure Analysis Model of Shipbuilding Based on Driving Factors: The Case of Chinese Shipyard. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 08(02), 182–200. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.82015.

Yadrifil, Pratama, R. A., & Rus, A. M. M. (2020). Improvement recommendation to eliminate waste on the production process of line laminating door component with value stream mapping and waste assessment model method. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2227. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0004213.

Yan, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2019). Knowledge transfer, sharing, and management system based on causality for requirements change management. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1145/3325917.3325947.