Optimal State Feedback Control for Bicycle Stabilization using APT-FPSO Algorithm
محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Computer & RoboticsMana Azim Araghi 1 , Seyed Mohammad Nami Mir Mohammad Sadeghi 2 , Seyed Ali Mir Mohammad Sadeghi 3
1 - Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
کلید واژه: Optimal Control, Bicycle stabilization, State observer, APT-FPSO algorithm,
چکیده مقاله :
Advanced control systems are required to maintain bicycle stability due to its unstable open-loop behaviour. This work is aimed at designing an optimal state feedback control system for bicycle stabilization. The performance index of the optimal control system is minimized using the newly developed adaptive particularly tunable fuzzy particle swarm optimization algorithm. The states of the system are estimated using a state observer. The obtained results are compared with those of the linear–quadratic regulator (LQR). The main advantage of the developed control system is that, unlike the LQR controller that is limited to linear systems, it can be extended to nonlinear control systems.
[1] J. M. Papadopoulos, R. S. Hand, and A. Ruina, "Bicycle and motorcycle balance and steer dynamics," I. Linearized equations of lateral motion for a simple model [C]. Cornell University, 1990.
[2] A. L. Schwab and J. P. Meijaard, "A review on bicycle dynamics and rider control," Vehicle system dynamics, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1059-1090, 2013.
[3]D. Meehan and A. Ruina, "Linear and nonlinear controllers of an autonomous bicycle have almost identical basins of attraction in a non-linear simulation," 2020: Symposium on the Dynamics and Control of Single Track Vehicles.
[4]C. Findlay, J. Moore, and C. Perez-Maldonado, "SISO control of a bicycle-rider system," mh, vol. 1, p. 2, 2006.
[5]E. Sanjurjo, M. A. Naya, J. Cuadrado, and A. L. Schwab, "Roll angle estimator based on angular rate measurements for bicycles," Vehicle system dynamics, 2018.
[6]L. Cui et al., "Nonlinear Balance Control of an Unmanned Bicycle: Design and Experiments," in 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2020, pp. 7279-7284: IEEE.
[7]A. L. Schwab, J. Meijaard, and J. Kooijman, "Lateral dynamics of a bicycle with a passive rider model: stability and controllability," Vehicle system dynamics, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1209-1224, 2012.
[8]M. Baquero-Suárez, J. Cortés-Romero, J. Arcos-Legarda, and H. Coral-Enriquez, "A robust two-stage active disturbance rejection control for the stabilization of a riderless bicycle," Multibody System Dynamics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 7-35, 2019.
[9]K. Nikzadfar, N. Bakhshinezhad, S. A. MirMohammadSadeghi, H. T. Ledari, and A. Fathi, "An Optimal Gear Shifting Strategy for Minimizing Fuel Consumption Based on Engine Optimum Operation Line," SAE Technical Paper0148-7191, 2019.
[10]S. Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, S. Hoseini, A. Fathi, and H. Mohammadi Daniali, "Experimental Hysteresis Identification and Micro-position Control of a Shape-Memory-Alloy Rod Actuator," International Journal of Engineering, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 71-77, 2019.
[11]S. A. MirMohammadSadeghi, K. Nikzadfar, N. Bakhshinezhad, and A. Fathi, "Optimal Idle Speed Control of a Natural Aspirated Gasoline Engine Using Bio-inspired Meta-heuristic Algorithms," International Journal of Automotive Engineering, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 2792-2806, 2018.
[12]N. Bakhshinezhad, S. Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, A. Fathi, and H. Mohammadi Daniali, "Adaptive particularly tunable fuzzy particle swarm optimization algorithm," Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 65-75, 2020.
[13]A. Mirmohammad Sadeghi, A. Amirkhani, and B. Mashadi, "Braking intensity recognition with optimal K-means clustering algorithm," Journal of Computational & Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (JCARME), 2021.
[14]M. N. Gilvaei, H. Jafari, M. J. Ghadi, and L. Li, "A novel hybrid optimization approach for reactive power dispatch problem considering voltage stability index," Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 96, p. 103963, 2020.
[15]J. P. Meijaard, J. M. Papadopoulos, A. Ruina, and A. L. Schwab, "Linearized dynamics equations for the balance and steer of a bicycle: a benchmark and review," Proceedings of the Royal society A: mathematical, physical and engineering sciences, vol. 463, no. 2084, pp. 1955-1982, 2007.
[16]S. F. Hoseini, S. A. MirMohammadSadeghi, A. Fathi, and H. M. Daniali, "Adaptive predictive control of a novel shape memory alloy rod actuator," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, vol. 235, no. 3, pp. 291-301, 2021.
[17]S. A. M. Sadeghi, B. Ebrahimpour, N. Bakhshinezhad, and S. M. N. M. M. Sadeghi, "Analytical solution of nonlinear Van der Pol oscillator using a hybrid intelligent analytical inverse method," Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), vol. 12, no. 13, pp. 5614-5625, 2021.
[18]A. Farjoud, M. Craft, W. Burke, and M. Ahmadian, "Experimental investigation of MR squeeze mounts," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 22, no. 15, pp. 1645-1652, 2011.
[19]S. MirMohammad Sadeghi, N. Bakhshinezhad, A. Fathi, and H. Mohammadi Daniali, "An Optimal Defect-free Synthesis of Four-bar Mechanisms by Using Constrained APT-FPSO Algorithm," Journal of Computer & Robotics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 39-48, 2019.