مروری بر اثرات عیوب ترکیبی ترک خوردگی تنشی در فولادها
محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کاربردی و محاسباتی در سیستم های مکانیکیرضا نویدنژاد 1 , شهرام شهرویی 2 , عرفان میرشکاری 3 , پژمان تقی پور بیرگانی 4
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز
2 - دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز
3 - گروه مکانیک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز، اهواز، ایران
4 - دکتری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز
کلید واژه: خستگی, فولاد, خوردگی تنشی, رشد ترک,
چکیده مقاله :
ترک خوردگی تنشی عنوان یک تهدید مهم برای صنایع فولادی می‌باشد. هنگامی که شرایط خاصی در محیط فولاد ایجاد می‌شود، بارگذاری این عیب منجر به ترک بین دانه‌ای در صفحه شعاعی-محوری می‌شود. این ترک‌ها می‌توانند تحت بارگذاری نامطلوب پیوسته رشد کنند و در نهایت منجر به پارگی شوند. در این خصوص تحقیقات و آزمایشات زیادی انجام شده است. این مقاله، مروری است بر ترکیب شرایط حاکم بر فولادها که منجر به رشد ترک خوردگی تنشی می‌شوند. شکست‌های ناشی از ترک خوردگی تنشی در یک بازه طولانی در طی چند مرحله همچون جوانه زنی، رشد ترک و شکست نهایی رخ می‌دهد. از طرفی ترک خوردگی تنشی به شرایط محیطی، متالورژیکی و مکانیکی وابسته است. لذا در این مقاله بررسی شرایط بارگذاری در هر مرحله از ترک خوردگی تنشی و تاثیرات تنش تکرار شونده بر روی فولادها و همچنین اثرات هم‌افزایی پارامترهای مختلف در طول کل چرخه عمر فولادها نیز مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. تمرکز اصلی این بررسی، مرتبط کردن شرایط بارگذاری در هر مرحله از انتشار ترک است که نقش مهمی در تخمین عمر باقی‌مانده فولادها حساس به ترک خوردگی تنشی را ایفا می‌کند. در انتها مدل‌سازی رشد ترک خوردگی تنشی مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفت و پیشنهاداتی همچون تحلیل شکست به واسطه رشد ترک خوردگی تنشی بر روی ورق‌ها داده شده است.
Stress cracking is an important threat to steel industries. When certain conditions are created in the environment of steel, the loading of this defect leads to intergranular cracks in the radial-axial plane. These cracks can grow under continuous adverse loading and eventually lead to rupture. A lot of research and experiments have been done in this regard. This article is a review of the combination of conditions governing steels that lead to the growth of stress cracking. Failures caused by stress cracking occur in a long period during several stages such as germination, crack growth and final failure. On the other hand, we know that stress cracking depends on environmental, metallurgical and mechanical conditions. Therefore, in this article, the purpose of investigating the loading conditions at each stage of stress cracking and the effects of repetitive stress on steels will be discussed. Also, the synergistic effects of different parameters during the entire life cycle of steels will also be discussed. The main focus of this review is to relate the loading conditions at each stage of crack propagation, which plays an important role in estimating the remaining life of steels susceptible to stress cracking. This discussion will include how cyclic loading conditions can change steel properties and contribute to the initiation of intergranular cracking. Finally, the modeling of stress crack growth will be discussed and suggestions such as failure analysis due to stress crack growth on sheets were given.
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