شناسایی، ارزیابی و تحلیل موانع و چالش های توسعه نوآوری در صنایع ایران (مورد مطالعه : صنایع قطعه سازی، ماشین سازی و خودرو سازی تبریز)
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت صنعتی
shahin mohammadpour
1
(
Lecturer at Tabriz University of Applied Sciences
)
Allahyar Muradov
2
(
Scientific Vice-Chancellor of the Faculty of Economics at the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/10/08
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/28
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/04/05
کلید واژه:
AHP,
توسعه نوآوری,
تحلیل عاملی,
نوآوری,
موانع توسعه,
چکیده مقاله :
در عصر حاضر سازمان ها دریافته اند که برای رشد و بقا در محیط پرتلاطم باید توجه خاصی به مقوله توسعه نوآورانه صنایع داشت. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، ارزیابی و تحلیل موانع و چالش‌های توسعه نوآوری در صنایع قطعه‌سازی، ماشین‌سازی و خودروسازی تبریز با رویکرد AHP فازی می‌باشد. جهت رسیدن به این هدف، با استفاده از روش ترکیبی اکتشافی، داده‌های مورد نظر در دو مرحله کیفی و کمی جمع‌آوری و از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 21 نفر از مدیران و خبرگان صنعت مورد مطالعه (که با روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شده) مولفه‌های مورد نظر شناسایی شدند. خبرگان مطالعه بعد از برگزاری 3 پنل خبرگان، در خصوص موانع و چالش‌های توسعه نوآوری در صنایع قطعه‌سازی و ماشین‌سازی به اتفاق‌نظر دست یافتند. روش تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات در بخش کمی، در دو بخش انجام گرفته است. نخست با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل عاملی و نرم‌افزار SmartPLS، مولفه‌های شناسایی شده در بخش کیفی، از لحاظ آماری و کمی اعتبارسنجی شدند. نمونه آماری این بخش که پرسشنامه‌های تحلیل عاملی را تکمیل نمودند، طبق فرمول کوکران، 356 نفر بودند که به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. هم‌چنین در بخش دوم اولویت‌بندی موانع توسعه فناوری، از رویکرد AHP فازی استفاده شده است که پرسشنامه این بخش را 21 خبره تکمیل کرده که با استفاده از روش نظری انتخاب شدند. در این مطالعه 25 مانع شناسایی و نهایی شده که در 5 بخش، دسته‌بندی شدند که موانع حکومتی، موانع مدیریتی و سیاست‌گذاری، اعتبار ناکافی صندوق‌های سرمایه‌گذاری دولتی و ابهام جایگاه نوآوری در صنایع مهم‌ترین عوامل می‌باشند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Today, organizations have realized that in order to grow and survive in a turbulent environment, special attention must be paid to the issue of innovative industrial development. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the obstacles and challenges of innovation development in the parts, machinery and automotive industries of Tabriz with the fuzzy AHP approach. To achieve this goal, using the combined exploratory method, the data were collected in two stages: qualitative and quantitative, and through semi-structured interviews with 21 managers and industry experts (selected by snowball sampling method). Comments were identified. Study Experts After holding three panels of experts, they agreed on the obstacles and challenges of innovation development. The method of data analysis in quantitative part has been done in two parts. First, using the factor analysis approach and SmartPLS software, the components identified in the qualitative section were statistically and quantitatively validated. The statistical sample of this section that completed the factor analysis questionnaires, according to Cochran's formula, were 356 people who were randomly selected. Also, in the second part of prioritizing barriers to technology development, the fuzzy AHP approach has been used. The questionnaire of this section has been completed by 21 experts who were selected using the theoretical method. In this study, 25 barriers were identified and finalized, which were classified into 5 sections. The most important factors are government barriers, management and policy barriers, insufficient credit of government investment funds and ambiguity of the position of innovation in industries.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Hadjimanolis, Athanasios. (1999). Barriers to innovation for SMEs in a small less developed country. Technovation, 19, 561-570.
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Tornatzky, Louis, G. (1991). Innovation Characteristics and Innovation Adoption- Implementation: A Meta-Analysis of Findings. IEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 29, 28 - 45.
Ulvenblad, Pia, Barth, Henrik, Cederholm Björklund, Jennie, Hoveskog, Maya and Ulvenblad, Per-Ola. (2018). Barriers to business model innovation in the agri-food industry: A systematic literature review. SAGE Journals, 37(4), 308-314.
Utterback, James M. (1993). Innovation, competition, and industry structure" Research Policy (MIT Commission), 22(1), 1-21.
Yi, M., Wang, Y., Yan, M., Fu, L., and Zhang, Y. (2020). Government R&D Subsidies, Environmental Regulations, and Their Effect on Green Innovation Efficiency of Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 13-30.
Zell, Deone. (2001). Overcoming Barriers to Work Innovations: Lessons Learned at Hewlett- Packard. Organizational Dynamics 30, 77–86.
_||_
Bagheri Moghadam, Naser, Mousavi Darcheh, Moslem, Moallemi, Massoud.(2016). Motivators of Innovation, Scientific Policy Research Center, Tehran, 2(2), 33. (In Persian).
Bozeman, Barry & Hardin, John & Link, Albert. (2008). Barriers To The Diffusion Of Nanotechnology. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals 17(7-8), 749-761.
Carlsson, B., Stankiewicz, R. (1991). On the nature, function and composition of technological systems. J Evol Econ 1, 93–118.
Chao, C. W., Reid, M., & Mavondo,F.T. (2012). Consumer innovativeness influence on really new product adoption. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 20(3), 211-217.
Das, P., Verburg, R., Verbraeck, A. and Bonebakker, L. (2018). Barriers to innovation within large financial services firms: An in-depth study into disruptive and radical innovation projects at a bank. European Journal of Innovation Management, 21(1), 96-112.
David S., Michelson, Evan. (2008). Globalization at the nano frontier: The future of nanotechnology policy in the United States, China, and India. Technology in Society 30, 405-410.
Diego R. De Moraes Silva, Luis Otávio Lucas & Nicholas S. Vonortas. (2020). Internal barriers to innovation and university-industry cooperation among technology-based SMEs in Brazil, Industry and Innovation, 27:3, 235-263.
Dougherty, Deborah. (1992). Interpretive Barriers to Successful Product Innovation in Large Firms", Organization Science, 3, 179-202.
Drucker, Peter F. (2000). Knowledge of Innovation. Translated by Chitsaz, Ali. Journal of Management Development, 9(7), 103.
Eriksson, Klas & Ernkvist, Mirko & Laurell, Christofer & Moodysson, Jerker & Nykvist, Rasmus & Sandström, Christian. (2019). A revised perspective on innovation policy for renewal of mature economies – Historical evidence from finance and telecommunications in Sweden 1980–1990. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, 147(C), 152-162.
Faraji, Rasoul; Danesh Sani, Kazem & Poursoltani, Hosein. (2012). Performance Evaluation Based on EFQM Excellence Model in Sport Organizations. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(6), 21-35.
Griffin, Abbie. (2014). Serial Innovators' Processes: How they overcome to creating radical innovations. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, 1362–1371.
Hadjimanolis, Athanasios. (1999). Barriers to innovation for SMEs in a small less developed country. Technovation, 19, 561-570.
Haji Gatmiri, F. (2019). Evaluating the performance of the organization based on the EFQM organizational excellence model (Case study: Iran Insurance Company). Master Thesis, Strategy Management, Alborz Virtual Electronic Higher Education Institute. (In Persian).
Hekkert, M.P., Negro S.O. (2009). Functions of innovation systems as a framework to understand sustainable technological change: Empirical evidence for earlier claims. Technological Forecasting and Social change, 76, 584-594
Hougaz, Laura. (2020). Entrepreneurs Creating Educational Innovation: Case Studies From Australia. Springer publications.
Jesemann, Isabella. (2020). Support of startup innovation towards development of new industries, 13th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME ˈ19, Procedia CIRP 88 3–8.
Khalil, Tariq. (2011). Technology management and innovation. Translated by Seyed Mohammad Arabi, Tehran: Cultural Research Office.
Pihkala, Timo, (2002). Innovation barriers amongst clusters of European SMEs. Int. J. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 2(6), 520-536.
Qudsipour, Seyed Hassan. (2011). Hierarchical analysis process. Amirkabir University of Technology Publications, 9th edition.
Radnejad, A.B., Osiyevskyy, O. and Vredenburg, H. (2020). Barriers to radical process innovation: a case of environmental technology in the oil industry. Journal of Strategy and Management, 13 (4), 453-476.
Salerno, Mario Sergio. (2015). Innovation processes: Which process for which project? Technovation, 35, 59–70.
Sandberg, Berigitta. (2014). What makes it so difficult? A systematic review on barriers to radical innovation. Industrial Marketing Management, 43, 1293–1305.
Shams Mourkani, G., Ghahramani, M., Maarefvand, Z., Zanganeh, F. (2014). Evaluating the Performance of Shahid Beheshti University Based on the EFQM Excellence Model. Journal of Management and Planning In Educational System, 7(1), 39-67.
Soltani, B., Hajihoseini, H., Arasti, M., Ghazinoory, S., Rzavi, M., Shafiaa, M., Manteghi, M., Tabatabaeian, H., Shaverdi, M. (2017). A Review on Iran’s NIS Challenges & Proposing Policies and Initiatives for Improvement. Strategic Studies of public policy, 7(23), 185-198.
Sonal, Mazumder & Debolina, Sarkar & Puri, Ishwar. (2014). Nanotechnology Commercialization: Prospects in India. Journal of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, 1.
Sun, X., Yu R., Wang Y. and Colombage, S.R. N. (2020). Do government subsidies stimulate firms’ R&D efforts? Empirical evidence from China. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation 28(2), 163-180.
Torabi, M., & Mahlooji, H. (2017). An integrated simulation-DEA approach to multi-criteria ranking of scenarios for execution of operations in a construction project. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 9(4), 801-827.
Tornatzky, Louis, G. (1991). Innovation Characteristics and Innovation Adoption- Implementation: A Meta-Analysis of Findings. IEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 29, 28 - 45.
Ulvenblad, Pia, Barth, Henrik, Cederholm Björklund, Jennie, Hoveskog, Maya and Ulvenblad, Per-Ola. (2018). Barriers to business model innovation in the agri-food industry: A systematic literature review. SAGE Journals, 37(4), 308-314.
Utterback, James M. (1993). Innovation, competition, and industry structure" Research Policy (MIT Commission), 22(1), 1-21.
Yi, M., Wang, Y., Yan, M., Fu, L., and Zhang, Y. (2020). Government R&D Subsidies, Environmental Regulations, and Their Effect on Green Innovation Efficiency of Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 13-30.
Zell, Deone. (2001). Overcoming Barriers to Work Innovations: Lessons Learned at Hewlett- Packard. Organizational Dynamics 30, 77–86.
