Compare Cadmium Accumulation Trend between Cultivated Soil and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Tissue Affected Different Cropping Pattern and Growth Stage
محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Crop Nutrition ScienceKhoshnaz Payandeh 1 , Alireza Jafarnejadi 2 , Ali Gholami 3 , Alireza Shokohfar 4 , Ebrahim Panahpor 5
1 - Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 - Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 - Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
5 - Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
کلید واژه: Heavy metal, Growth stage, cropping system,
چکیده مقاله :
This research was conducted to evaluate the trend of cadmium accumulation in wheat tissue and cultivated soil affected conventional cropping systems and different growth stage via split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014-2015 seasonal year. The main factor included two cropping systems (wheat-rice, fallow-wheat) and growth stage at three level (Tillering, flowering and ripening) belonged to subplots. ANOVA results indicated that the effect of different cropping systems and growth stages on soil and crop cadmium concentration traits was significant at 1% probability level, but interaction effect of treatments was not significant, also soil phosphorus content only affect cropping systems at 5% probability level. Compare effect of cropping systems on cadmium accumulation in cultivated soil and wheat tissue have similar trend (Ascending to descending). In other words the rice-wheat cropping system has more amounts of cadmium (1.71 mg.kg-1 in soil and 1.83 mg.kg-1 in wheat tissue) than to fallow-wheat cropping pattern (1.37 mg.kg-1 in soil and 1.32 mg.kg-1 in wheat tissue). Compare cadmium accumulation between soil and wheat crop tissue revealed an opposite trend. Because of leaching and absorb by plants, trend of soil cadmium accumulation from tillering to ripening stage had down trend. But crop cadmium accumulation due to developed biomass and absorb cadmium had risen trend. Finally management fertilizer consumption of cultivated field according result of soil test and use of phosphate fertilizers by attention to the standards of soil and water research institute led to reduced cadmium accumulation in crop tissue.
Clarke, J., D. Leisle. and G. Kopytko. 1997. Inheritance of cadmium concentration in five durum wheat 532 crosses. J. Crop Sci. 37(6): 1722-1726.
CODEX Alimentrarius Commission. 1999. Report of the 33 rd session of the codex committee on 558 food additives and contaminates. ALINORM 99/12A. Joint FAO/WHO food standards program 559 Food and Agric. Organ of the UN, The Hague, and the WHO.
Gao, X. and A. Grant. 2012. Cadmium and zinc concentration in grain of durum wheat in relation to phosphorus fertilization, crop sequence and tillage management. Appl. Environ. Soil Sci. J. 81: 1-10.
Gooshe, M. and S. Ghalebi. 2012. Wheat irrigation management using saline water in southern lands of Khuzestan. J. Water Res. Agric. 20(1): 29-42.
Jafarnejadi, A. R., M. Homaee, G. Sayyad. and M. Bybordi. 2011. Large scale spatial variability of accumulated cadmium in the wheat farm grains. J. Soil and Sediments Contamination. 20: 98-113.
Li, X., N. Ziadi, G. Belanger, Z. Cai. and H. Xu. 2011. Cadmium accumulation in wheat grain as affected by mineral N fertilizer and soil characteristics. Canadian J. Soil Sci. 91(4): 521-531.
Pirzade, M., M. Afyooni. and A. H. Khoshgoftar Manesh. 2012. Status of zinc and cadmium in soil of paddy 580 fields and rice in Fars and Khuzestan and their impacts on food security. J. Sci. Tech. Agric. Nat. Res. 16(60):81-93. (Abstract in English).
Soltanpour, P. 1991. Determination of nutrient availability and elemental toxicity by AB-DTPA soil test and ICPS. Advances in soil science: Springer Pub. p. 165-90.
Sposito, G., L. J. Lund .and A. C. Chang. 1982. Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: I. Fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in soil phases. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46: 260-264.
Tsukahara, T., T. Ezaki, J. Moriguchi, K. Furuki, S. Stumbo, N. Matsuda. and M. Ikeda. 2003. Rice as the most influential the source of cadmium intake among general Japanese population. Sci. Total Environ. J. 305: 41-51.
Valizadeh, F., N. Reihani Tabar, A. Najafi. and Sh. Avestan. 2012. The effect of simultaneous consumption of cadmium and zinc on growth features of rice plant and concentration of zinc, cadmium, iron, and manganese in soil in saturated and unsaturated moisture conditions. Water and Soil Res. J. 3(43): 195-205. (Abstract in English).
