Determination Effect of Mycorrhiza and Vermicompost on Accumulation of Seed Nutrient Elements in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Affected by Chemical Fertilizer
محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Crop Nutrition ScienceHadis Karami 1 , Abbas Maleki 2 , Amin Fathi 3
1 - Graduated Msc, Department of Agronomy, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam. Iran.
3 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
کلید واژه: Protein, nitrogen, Organic farming, <i>Corn, Yield<, /i>, ,
چکیده مقاله :
BACKGROUND: Nutrient management is one of the most important factors that affect the growth and production of maize. OBJECTIVES: Current research was conducted to investigate the effect of Mycorrhizas and vermicompost on seed yield, its components and quantities traits such as concentration of protein, starch, zinc, potassium and nitrogen of corn seed. METHODS: Current research was conducted via split split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2016-2017. Main plot included of chemical fertilizer at four level (Control, 33, 66 and 100%) also vermicompost at tow level (nonuse and use of vermicompost) belonged to subplot and mycorrhiza (nonuse and use of mycorrhiza) as a sub-subplot. RESULT: Interaction effect of chemical fertilizer × vermicompost × mycorrhiza had a significant effect on zinc, nitrogen, potassium, starch and protein content. The highest seed yield and its components were obtained from interaction effects of 66% chemical fertilizer × vermicompost × mycorrhiza and the lowest one was for 33% chemical fertilizer × nonuse of vermicompost × nonuse of mycorrhiza, respectively. The highest zinc, nitrogen, potassium, starch, and protein in seed were obtained from interaction effects of 66% chemical fertilizer × vermicompost × mycorrhiza and the least yield and its components obtained from in 33% chemical fertilizer × without of using of vermicompost × nonuse of mycorrhiza, respectively. Vermicompost and mycorrhiza had a positive affect on seed yield and seed quality and seed nutrients had a better status in presence of vermicompost and mycorrhiza. Use of vermicompost and mycorrhiza with fertilizer levels significantly increased nutrient elements uptake, due to the added supply of nutrient and well-developed root system resulting in better absorption of water and nutrient. CONCLUSION: The combined application of mycorrhiza and vermicompost fungi increased yield, its components and increases the absorption of food by the root and ultimately improves growth and nutrient transfer to seed.
Ahmad, A. G., S. Orabi. and A. Gaballah. 2010. Effect of Bio-N-P Fertilizer on the growth, yield and some biochemical component of two Sunflower cultivars. Intl. J. Academic Res. 4(2): 271-277.
Amiri, M. B., P. Rezvani Moghadam, R. Ghorbani, Gh. Falahi, R. Deyhimfard. and F. Falah Pour. 2013. Effects of inoculation with bio-fertilizer on growth characteristics of three wheat cultivars at emergency growth under greenhouse conditions. Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 11(1): 64-72.
Arriagada, C. A., M. A. Herreraand. and J. A. Acampo. 2007. Beneficial effect of saprobe and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Eucalyptus globules co-cultured with Glycine max in soil contaminated with heavy metals. J. Environ. Manage. 84: 93-99.
Augé, R. M., A. J. W. Stodola. and J. E. Tims. 2001. Moisture retention properties of a mycorrhizal soil. Plant and Soil. 230: 87–97.
Azarmi, R., M. T. Giglou. and R. D. Taleshmikail. 2008. Influence of vermicompost on soil chemical and physical properties in tomato field. African J. Biotech. 7(14): 2397-2401.
Azimi, S. M., A. Farnia, M. Shaban. and M. Lack. 2013. Effect of different biofertilizers on Seed yield of barley, Bahman cultivar. Intl. J. Adv. Biol. Biomedical Res. 1(5): 538-546.
Bahamin, S., M. Sohrab, A. B. Mohammad, K. T. Behroz. and A. Qorbanali. 2014. Effect of bio-fertilizer, manure and chemical fertilizer on yield and reproductive characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Intl. J. Res. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3(1): 36-43.
Chen, J. 2006. The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or bio-fertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. Intl. Workshop Sustained Management of the Soil Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer Use. 16-20th October. Thailand. 11 pp.
Darzi, M. T., M. R. Hadjseyed Hadi. and F. Rejali. 2011. Effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer application on yield and yield components in Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian J. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 26(4): 454-565. (Abstract in English)
Ehteshami, S. M. R., F. Hakimian, M. Yousefie Rad. and M. R. Chaichi. 2014.Effect of the integration in phosphate fertilizer different levels and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on forage quantitative and qualitative of two barley cultivars. J. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 102: 141-150. (Abstract in English)
Elanwar, H., O. Sheekh, A. Naggar. and F. Saly. 2010. Effect of two species of cyano bacteria as bio fertilizers on some metabolic activities, growth, and yield of pea plant. Biol. Fertilizer Soil. 46: 861–875.
El-Kholy, M. A., S. El-Ashry. and A. M. Gomaa. 2005. Bio-fertilization of maize crop and its impact on yield and grains nutrient content under low rates of mineral fertilizers. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 1(2): 117-121.
Emami, A. 1996. Plant analysis methods. Tehran Press. 231 pp.
Esmaielpour, B. and N. Amani. 2014. Investigating the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and uptake of nutrients in Lactuca Sativa cv Syaho. J. Soil Manage. Sust. Prod. 4(2): 49-68. (Abstract in English)
Feiziasl, V., A. Fotovat, A. Astarte. and A. Lakzyan. 2014. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and application time on root characteristics of dryland wheat genotypes. Iranian J. Dryland Agri. 3(1): 41-94.
Ghazi, A. K. and B. M. John Zak. 2003. Field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress. Mycorrhiza. 14: 263-269.
ILbas, A. I. and S. Sahin. 2005. Glomus fasiculatum inoculation improves soybean production. Acta Agri. Scandinavica Section B-soil Plant Sci. 55(4): 287-292.
Jafari Haghighi, B. and Z. Yarmahmodi. 2011. Evaluation the effects of biological fertilizer on physiological characteristic on yield and its components of corn (Zea mays L) under drought stress. Intl. Conf. Food Engineering. Bio-Tech. IACSIT Press. Singapore. pp: 1-5.
Khosrojerdi, M., Sh. Shahsavani, M. Gholipor. and H. R. Asghari. 2013. Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and mycorrhizal fungi on some nutrient uptake by chickpea at different levels of iron sulfate fertilizer. Electronic J. Crop Prod. 6(3): 71-87.
Koozehgar Kaleji, M. and M. R. Ardakani. 2017. The application of organic and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of spear mint (Mentha spicata L.). J. Appl. Res. Plant Eco-Physiol. 4(1): 157-172. (Abstract in English)
Mahajan Abadi, J. and J. Sepehri. 2014. Effect of Piriformospora indica fungus inoculation on uptake and transportation of some nutrients in two wheat cultivars. J. Soil Manage. Sust. Prod. 4(2): 155-173. (Abstract in English)
Mahfouz, S. A. and M. A. Sharaf-Eldin. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil content of fennel. Intl. Agro-Physics. 21: 361-366.
Mahmoud, E. K. and M. M. Ibrahim. 2012. Effect of vermicompost and its mixtures with water treatment residuals on soil chemical properties and barley growth. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12(3): 431-440.
Naseri, R., M. J. Barary, Zarea, K. Khavazi. and Z. Tahmasebi. 2016. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi on agronomic important traits in two wheat cultivars under dryland conditions. J. Agro-Ecol. 1(3): 11-20. (Abstract in English)
Naseri, R., M. Barary, M. J. Zarea, K. Khavazi. and Z. Tahmasebi. 2017a. Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of wheat under dryland conditions. J. Soil Biol. 5(1): 49-67. (Abstract in English)
Naseri, R., M. Barary, M. J. Zarea, K. Khavazi. and Z. Tahmasebi. 2017b. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi on some activities of antioxidative enzymes, physiological characteristics of wheat under dry land conditions. Iranian J. Dryland Agri. 6(1): 1-34. (Abstract in English)
Naseri, R., M. Barary, M. J. Zarea, K. Khavazi. and Z. Tahmasebi. 2017c. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient elements content of seed in two wheat cultivars under dry land conditions. Seed Eco-Physiol. 2(1): 93-114. (Abstract in English)
Paras-Motlagh, B., S. Mahmoodi, M. H. Sayyar-Zahan. and M. Naghibzadeh. 2011. Effect of mycorrhiza fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on concentration of leaf nutrients and photosynthetic pigments of common bean under salinity stress condition. J. Agro-Ecol. 3(2): 233-244. (Abstract in English)
Panwar, A. S., N. P. Singh, D. C. Saxena. and U. K. Hazarika. 2006. Yield and quality of groundnut seed as influence by phosphorus, bio fertilizer and organic manures. Indian J. Hill Farming.
Rouzbeh, R., J. Daneshian. and H. A. Farahani. 2009. Super nitro plus influence on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars under NPK fertilizer application. J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci. 1: 293-297.
Saghir Khan, M., A. Zaidi. and A. Parvaze Wani. 2007. Role of phosphate-solubilizing micro organisms in sustainable agriculture: A review. Agron. Sust. Develop. Springer Verlag. Sci. 27(1): 29-43.
Sajadi Nic, R., A. R. Yadavy, H. R. Baluchi. and H. Faraji. 2011. The effect of chemical fertilizers (urea), organic (vermicompost) and biological (Nitroksin) on the yield and quality of sesame. Knowledge of sustainable agriculture. 21(2): 87-101.
Scharf, P. C., J. William, J. Wiebold. and J. A. Lory. 2002. Corn yield response to nitrogen fertilizer timing and deficiency level. Agron. J. 94(3): 435-441.
Sharda Waman, M. K. and R. Bernard Felinov. 2009. Studies on effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (Am) fungi on mineral nutrition of Carica papaya L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 37: 183-186.
Soleimanzadeh, H. and F. Ghooshchi. 2013. Response of growth and yield of maize to bio-fertilizers in organic and conventional cropping systems. Intl. J. Agri. Crop Sci. 5(7): 797-801.
Song, H. 2005. Effects of vam on host plant in the condition of drought stress and its mechanisms. Electronic J. Biol. 1(3): 44-48.
Subbarao, C. H. V., G. Kartheek. and D. Sirisha. 2013. Slow release of potash fertilizer through polymer coating. Intl. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. 11(1): 25-30.
Subramanian, K. S. and C. Charest. 1999. Acquisition of N by external hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and its impact on physiological responses in maize under drought stressed and well watered conditions. Mycorrhiza. 9: 69-75.
Sharma, A. K. 2002. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. 1sd Ed. Jodhpur: Agrobios. Indian. 456p.
Shevananda, A. 2008. Influence of bio-fertilizers on availability of nutrients in soil relation to growth and yield of Stevia rebaudiana grown South India. Int. J. Appl. Res. Natural Prod. 1: 20-24.
Sudhakar, P., G. N. Chattopadhyay, S. K. Gangwar. and J. K. Ghosh. 2000. Effect of foliar application of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Beijerinckia on leaf yield and quality of mulberry. J. Agric. Sci. 134: 227–234.
Szulc, P. 2013. Effects of soil supplementation with urea and magnesium on nitrogen uptake, and utilization by two different forms of maize differing in senescence rates. Polish J. Environ. Studies. 22: 239-248.
Tahmasbi, D., R. Zarghami, A. V. Azghandi. and M. Chaichi. 2011. Effects of nano silver and Nitroxin biofertilizer on yield and its components of potato mini tubers. Intl. J. Agric. Biol. 13: 986–990.
Tilak, K. V. B. R., C. S. Singh, N. K. Roy. and N. S. Subba Rao. 1992. Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chrococcum inoculum effect on maize and sorghum. Soil Biol. Bio-chem. J. 14: 417-418.
Ugarte, C., D. F. Calderini. and G. A. Slafer. 2007. Seed weight and seed number responsiveness to pre-anthesis temperature in wheat, barley and triticale. Field Crops Res. 100: 240-248.
Vadiraj, B. A, S. N. Siddagangaiah. and S. N. Pottay. 1998. Response of coriander cultivars to graded levels of vermicompost. J. Spices Arom. Crops. 7: 141-143.
Venkatash-Warlu, B. 2008. Role of bio-fertilizers in organic farming: Organic farming in rain fed agriculture, central institute for dry land agriculture. Hyderabad. Pakistan. pp: 85-95.
Vessey, J. K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as bio-fertilizers. J. Plant Soil. 255: 571-586.
Yazdani, M., M. A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti. and M. A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. Intl. J. Biological Life Sci. 1(1): 2-6.
Zeid, I. M. 2008. Effect of arginine and urea on polyamines content and growth of bean under salinity stress. Acta Physiologiea Plantarum. J. 28: 44-49.
Zuccarini, P. 2007. Mycorrhizal infection ameliorates chlorophyll content and nutrient uptake of lettuce exposed to saline irrigation. J. Plant. Soil and Environ. 53: 283-289.
