مطالعه تطبیقی اوضاع اجتماعی زنان در دوره ساسانی و قاجار
محورهای موضوعی : هنر و معماری
صبریه محمدی
1
(دانشگاه پیام نور همدان، گروه تاریخ(تاریخ ایران اسلامی)، همدان، ایران.)
کلید واژه: اوضاع اجتماعی زنان, دوره ساسانی, دوره قاجار,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر تطبیق نقش اجتماعی زنان در ادوار ساسانی و قاجار بود. جامعه پژوهش نقوش زنان در آثار هنری، چون سکه‌ها و نقاشی‌ها را شامل می‌شود. نمونه پژوهش پوشش زنان ساسانی و قاجاری در داده‌های فرهنگی این ادوار بود. طرح پژوهش از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی ـ تاریخی و تطبیقی است. گرد آوری اطلاعات برمبنای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای ، اسناد و مدارک موجود و فیش‌برداری انجام گرفت. پس از جمع آوری داده ها برای تحلیل آن ها از روش کیفی استفاده شد. نتایج یافته ها نشان داد، زنان در هر دو دوره، با قرائت‌ها و خوانش‌های فقهی خاص از دین رسمی زمان خود مواجه بوده و در هر دو مرحله نیز مهیای پذیرش تغییرات کلان بُرونی بودند. در مورد نخستین، اسلام و در مورد دومین، موج جهانی‌سازی و مدرنیسم وارد شد و جایگاه زنان را با تغییراتی روبروکرد. زنان با این‌که در دو دوره ساسانی و قاجار محدودیت‌هایی داشتند، اما در لایه های نامرئی اجتماع، به کنش‌گری، فعالیت اجتماعی و حتی اثرگذاری در امور مهم حکومتی می‌پرداختند. در دوره ساسانیان، این نقش تا حدود زیادی آشکار و شفاف بود؛ اما در دوره قاجار، آنان برای انجام خواسته‌های خویش ناگزیر بودند که خواسته خود را با واسطه مردان و اثرگذاری نقش جنسیتی خود اجرا کنند.
The current research intended to compare the social situations of women in the Sassanid and Qajar eras. The research universe included women's motifs in the art works such as coins and paintings. The sample subsumed Sassanid and Qajar women clothing in the cultural data of these periods. The research was designed as historical descriptive and comparative study. Data was collected based on the library records, available documents and index cards note taking. The data was analyzed by qualitative procedure. The results revealed that women in both periods countered specific jurisprudential readings of the official religion of their era and in both periods were ready to accept major external changes. In the first case, Islam and in the second case, the wave of globalization and modernism entered the country and changed the position of women. Although women faced restrictions in the Sassanid and Qajar periods, they engaged in activism, social activity, and even influence over important governmental affairs under the guise of society. In the Sassanid period, this role was largely obvious and transparent; but in the Qajar period, in order to fulfill their desires, they had to fulfill their desires through men and the influence of their gender role.
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