Net Working Capital Investment Policies, the Value of Financial Flexibility and Financial Constraint, Evidence From the Tehran Stock Exchange
محورهای موضوعی : Financial and Economic ModellingMaryam Karimi 1 , Rasoul Karami 2 , Mehdi Basirat 3 , Allah Karam Salehi 4
1 - Department of Accounting, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Accounting, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran
3 - Department of Economics, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
4 - Department of Accounting, Masjed-soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-soleiman , Iran
کلید واژه: Value of Financial Flexibility , Net Working Capital , Financial Constraint,
چکیده مقاله :
Companies pay attention to the value level of financial flexibility in making decisions related to optimizing investments and applying their net working capital policies. This issue will make profitable investment opportunities for companies more efficient and enable companies to gain more efficiency, as well as apply more optimal policies to keep cash. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of financial flexibility value and financial constraint on the speed of adjustment of net working capital, as well as the effect of financial constraint on the relationship between the value of financial flexibility and the speed of adjustment of net working capital in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The appropriate pattern recognition test in combined data indicates the use of the regression model of the research using the panel data method with the fixed and random effects approach for the panel and pooled data patterns to estimate the regression model. The statistical sample includes 100 companies accepted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2005 to 2020. The findings indicate that the value of financial flexibility has a positive and significant effect on the speed of adjustment of net working capital in the models of partial adjustments and error correction. Financial constraint has a positive and significant effect on the speed of net working capital adjustment, and it also has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between the value of financial flexibility and the speed of net working capital adjustment.
Companies pay attention to the value level of financial flexibility in making decisions related to optimizing investments and applying their net working capital policies. This issue will make profitable investment opportunities for companies more efficient and enable companies to gain more efficiency, as well as apply more optimal policies to keep cash. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of financial flexibility value and financial constraint on the speed of adjustment of net working capital, as well as the effect of financial constraint on the relationship between the value of financial flexibility and the speed of adjustment of net working capital in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The appropriate pattern recognition test in combined data indicates the use of the regression model of the research using the panel data method with the fixed and random effects approach for the panel and pooled data patterns to estimate the regression model. The statistical sample includes 100 companies accepted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2005 to 2020. The findings indicate that the value of financial flexibility has a positive and significant effect on the speed of adjustment of net working capital in the models of partial adjustments and error correction. Financial constraint has a positive and significant effect on the speed of net working capital adjustment, and it also has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between the value of financial flexibility and the speed of net working capital adjustment.
[1] Accounting Standards Development Committee, Accounting standards. Tehran. Publications of the audit organization, 2006, (in Persian).
[2] Aflatoni, A., Karimi, J., Khatibi, M., Access to external financial resources, bargaining power and speed of adjustment of working capital, Journal of Accounting Knowledge,2021; (13): 45-63, (in Persian).
[3] Agha, M., Faff, R., An investigation of the asymmetric link between credit re-ratings and corporate financial decisions: "Flicking the switch" with financial flexibility, Journal of Corporate Finance, 2014; (29): 37-57.
[4] Ahangar, N., Financial constraints and speed of working capital adjustment. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 2020; 12(3/4):371-385
[5] Aktas, N., Croci, E., Ozbas, O., Petmezas, D., Executive Compensation and Deployment of Corporate Resources: Evidence from Working Capital. 2015a , www.ssrn.com.
[6] Almeida, H., Campello, M., Weisbach, M.S., The Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash, The Journal of Finance, 2004; 59: 1777-1804. Doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00679.x
[7] Arsalan-Ayadin, Ö., Florackis, C., Ozkan, A., Financial flexibility, corporate investment and performance: evidence from financial crises, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2014; (42):211-250.
Doi: 10.1007/s11156-012-0340-x
[8] Bagherzadeh, S., Explaining the pattern of capital structure of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, Financial Research Quarterly, 2003; (16). (in Persian).
[9] Banos-Caballero, S., Garcia-Teruel, P.J., Martinez-Solano, P., Working capital management, corporate performance, and financial constraints, Journal of Business Research, 2014; (67): 332-338.
Doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.01.016
[10] Bates, T.W., Kahle, K.M., Stulz, R.M., Why Do U.S., Firms Hold So Much More Cash Than They Used to? The Journal of Finance, 2009; (64): 1985-2021.
[11] Brealey A.R., Myers C.S., Marcus J.A., Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 2004, MCRAW-HILL, INC.
[12] Campello, M., Graham, J. R., Harvey, C.R., The real effects of financial constraints: Evidence from a financial crisis,Journal of Financial Economics, 2019; ( 97): 470-487. Doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.02.009
[13] Chauhan, G.S., Banerjoo, P., financial constraints and optimal working capital-evidence from an emerging market, International Journal of Managerial Finance, 2018; 14(1): 37-53. Doi: 10.1108/IJMF-07-2016-0131
[14] Chen, F., Hope, O.K., Li, Q., Wang, X., Financial reporting quality and investment efficiency of private firms in emerging markets, Account. Rev,2011; 86: 1255–1288.
[15] Dadashzadeh, Q., R., Hejazi ,The relationship between the value of financial flexibility, investment efficiencythe speed of adjustment of working capital, Financial Management Strategy Quarterly, 2019; (28): 177-196, (in Persian).
[16] Fazzari, S. M., Petersen, B.C., Working capital and fixed investment: new evidence on financing constraints,The RAND Journal of Economics, 1993; 328-342. Doi:10.2307/2555961
[17] Frank, M.Z., Goyal, V.K., Capital structure decisions: which factors are reliably important? Financial Management, 2009; 38(1): 1-37.
[18] Gamba, A., Triantis, A., The value of financial flexibility. Journal of Financial accounting, 2008; 63:2263–2296. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01397.x
[19] Gamba, A., Triantis, A.J., Corporate Risk Management: Integrating Liquidity, Hedging, and Operating Policies, Management Science, 2013; 60: 246-264.
[20] Hasanpour, A., Mansouri, E.,b, Osmani, M., Factors affecting working capital management of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (case study, cement industry),Proceedings of the third national conference and the third international conference of management and accounting in Iran, 2015;(in Persian).
[21] Hao, Z., Zhang, X., Wei, J., Research on the effect enterprise financial flexibility on sustainable innovation, 2022, www.science direct.com. Doi: 10.1016/j.jik.2022.100184
[22] Hill, M. D., Kelly, G.W., Lockhart, G.B., Shareholder Returns from Supplying Trade Credit, Financial Management, 2012; 41: 255-280.
[23] Kanani Amiri, M., Investigating the relationship between financial constraints and stock returns in Iran's capital market, two monthly Daneshvar Behavior, 2007; 14(26), (in Persian).
[24] Kaplan, S. N., Zingales, L., Do Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Financing Constraints? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1997;112: 169-215.
[25] Kyeong, H.L., Mauer, D.C., Q,Xu., E, Selling durables: Financial flexibility for limited cost pass-through, 2022, www.science direct.com. doi: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2022.102228.
[26] Lamont, O., Polk, C., Saa-Reguejo, J., Financial constraints and stock returns, Review of Financial Studies, 2001; 14(4):524-554. Doi: 10.1093/rfs/14.2.529
[27] Lai, S.M., Liu, C.L., (2018), Management characteristics and corporate investment efficiency, Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 2018;1-18. Doi: 10.1080/16081625.2016.1266270
[28] Marchica, M. T., Mura, R., Financial flexibility, investment ability, and firm value: evidence from firms with spare debt capacity, Financial management, 2010; 39(4): 1339-1365. Doi: 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01115.x
[29] Mukhopadhyay, A. R., Estimation of cost of quality in an Indian textile industry for reducing cost of non-conformance,Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 2004; 15(2): 229-234.
[30] Mukhopadhyay, D., Working Capital Management in Heavy Engineering Firms, A case study, [On –Line], Available: htpp: //www.myicwai.Com /knowledgebank/ fm, 2004; 48: 23-04.
[31] Nadiri, M.I., The determinants of trade credit in the US total manufacturing sector, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1969; 37(1):408-423.
[32] Panahi, H., Asadzadeh, A., Jalili Marand, A., Five-year prediction of financial bankruptcy for companies listed in Tehran Bahadur Stock Exchange, Financial Research, 2013; 16(1):57-76, (in Persian).
[33] Panigrahi, C.M.A., Relationship of working capital with liquidity, profitability and solvency: a case study of ACC Limited, Asian Journal of Management Research, 2014; 4(2):308-322.
[34] Perotti, E., Vesnaver, L., Enterprise finance and investment in listed Hungarian firms, Journal of Comparative Economics, 2004; 32(1): 73.
[35] Qiyathund, E., Heydarzadeh, A., Investigating the effect of financial constraints on the company's optimal working capital, Journal of New Research Approaches in Management and Accounting, 2022; 6(84), (in Persian). Doi: 10.22051/JFM.2023.41634.2733
[36] Rapp, M.S., Schmid, T., Urban, D., The value of financial flexibility and corporate financial policy, Journal of Corporate Finance, 2014; 29:288-302.
[37] Sabouri, N., Examining the role of financial flexibility in sustainable development on the company's performance during the Covid-19 crisis with regard to tangible assets (case study: companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange), New Scientific Journal of Management and Accounting, 2021;5(17): 48-66, (in Persian).
[38] Sang, M., Quang, L., value of financial flexibility, investment efficiency and adjustment speed of working capital, Europian Financial Management Annual Conferrence , 2017.
[39] Simutin, M., Excess Cash and Stock Returns, Financial Management, 2010; 39(3): 1197-1222.
Doi: 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01109.x