تحلیلی برسلامت شهروندان با رویکرد اجتماع محور در مساکن شهری کلان شهر شیراز
محورهای موضوعی : جامعه شناسی شهری
مریم حقایق
1
(گروه معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران)
هادی کشمیری
2
(گروه معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران)
خسرو موحد
3
(دانشیار بخش معماری و شهر پایدار، دانشگاه UDC شهر واشینگتن، ایالات متحده آمریکا.)
ملیحه تقی پور
4
(گروه معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران)
کلید واژه: سلامت روانی, سلامت فیزیولوژی, سلامت اجتماعی, مسکن آپارتمانی, توسعه پایدار شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه شهرنشینی و به تبع آن توسعه کالبدی شهرها، مسائلی را در فضای شهری به وجود آورده که نه تنها ساکنین آن، بلکه تداوم حیات شهری را مورد تهدید قرار میدهد. توسعه پایدار شهری از جمله مهم ترین مباحث روز جوامع شهری در خصوص راهکار مسائل کنونی و آینده شهرها بوده و در سطوح مختلفی از معماری بافت ها و محلات گرفته تا توسعه پایدار کلان شهرها و توسعه پایدار جهانی مطرح میشود. در واقع شهر پایدار فضایی است که اکثریت قریب به اتفاق ساکنانش، از سکونت در شهر، احساس رضایت داشته باشند. مقوله مسکن به عنوان یکی از شاخصهای مهم توسعه پایدار شهری، در صورت ناسالم بودن، سلامت و کیفیت زندگی طیف وسیعی از افراد جامعه و به تبع آن سلامت شهر را به مخاطره می اندازد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی ابعاد سلامت در مسکن، استخراج مؤلفه های کالبدی و جایگاه آنها در سیاستگذاری های معماری و شهری میباشد. روش پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و با کمک پرسشنامه با 20 گویه در سه حوزه سلامت جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی، اطلاعات جمع آوری و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS جهت تحلیل داده ها و آزمون فرضیه ها، بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج بدست آمده به صحّت فرضیه ها دلالت داشت. نتایج حاصله، مبین آن است که از میان شاخصهای سلامت در مسکن، شاخص امنیت در هر سه حوزه سلامت، در اولویت ترجیحات ساکنان قرار دارد، همچنین، افراد به بعد"سلامت روانی" نسبت به دو بعد دیگر سلامت، توجه بیشتری داشته و به نظر میرسد این بعد از سلامت، در اولویت اول نیاز های آنان قرار دارد. از میان شاخصهای استخراج شده، مؤلفه های امنیت، چشم انداز، نور، آلودگی صوتی، نوری و بصری، فضای باز، اقلیم، بهداشت و فضای سبز علاوه بر لحاظ آنها در سیاستگذاری های محیط معماری، شدت و ضعف آنها در طراحی مسکن و مقوله سلامت، رابطه مستقیم با سیاستگذاری های محیط شهری دارد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش و آگاهی از شاخصهای سلامت در حیطه عمل معماران، طراحان و برنامه ریزان شهری به منظور سیاستگذاری های محیط معماری و شهری، موجب ارتقا کیفیت زندگی، سلامت اجتماعی یک جامعه به عنوان سرمایه اجتماعی و در نهایت توسعه پایدار شهر میگردد.
Development of urbanization and consequently, the physical development of cities, has created problems in the urban space that threaten its inhabitants and urban life. Sustainable urban development has been one of the most important issues in urban communities regarding the solution of current and future problems of cities and consists of various levels, such as architecture, urban neighborhoods, to sustainable global development. In fact, a sustainable city is a place where most of its residents are satisfied with living in the city. If housing (as one of the important factors of sustainable urban development) is unhealthy, the health and quality of life of a wide range of people in society and consequently the health of the city is endangered. The purpose of this study is to investigate health issue, in housing, extracting physical components and their relationship with architectural and urban policies. The research method is descriptive-analytical and with the help of a questionnaire with 20 items in three areas of physical, mental and social health, information was collected and using SPSS software to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results indicated that the hypotheses were correct. The results show that among the health indicators in housing, "security" in all three Health indicators is a priority for residents, Also, people pay more attention to "mental health" than the other two indicators of health, and it seems that mental health is the first priority of their needs. Among the extracted components, security, landscape, light, noise pollution, light pollution and visual pollution, climate and health, green space, in addition to the need to pay attention to these components in architectural environmental policies, their intensity and weakness in housing design and the issue of health is directly related to urban environmental policies. The results of this study and knowledge of health indicators are useful for architects, urban designers and urban planners, so that they can improve the quality of life, social health and ultimately sustainable development of the city through the policies of the architectural and urban environment.Extended AbstractIntroduction:The development of urbanization and the subsequent physical development of cities have created problems in the urban space in such a way that it threatens its inhabitants and the continuity of urban life. Sustainable urban development has been one of the most important topics of the day in urban communities regarding the solution of current and future problems of cities. This issue is raised at various levels from the architecture of regions and neighborhoods to the sustainable development of cities and sustainable global development. In fact, a sustainable city is a place where most of its residents are satisfied with living in the city. If housing (as one of the important factors of sustainable urban development) is unhealthy, the health and quality of life of a wide range of people in society and consequently the health of the city is endangered. The growing rate of urban population and the expansion of urbanization in recent decades on the one hand and the increase in demand for housing, lack of suitable land and high prices on the other hand, have led people to apartment life. This lifestyle, which is almost the only possible way to live in urban communities, in addition to solving some problems, also has consequences, the most important of which are: vitamin D deficiency, overweight, increased rates of Spiritual, mental and physical illness. Therefore, it seems that the issue of health and its various threats are among the most important problems of life in apartment complexes and sustainable urban development, which in this article is the main issue of research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the issue of health in housing, and their relationship in architectural and urban policies.Methodology:The present study is a descriptive-analytical method based on a survey process that has been conducted among the residents of apartment houses with a density of 4 to 8 floors in Shiraz. Sampling was done by cluster sampling and randomly. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula of 384 people. Research tool in this research, a questionnaire with 20 items consisting of three sections of physical health, mental health, and social health was selected based on the research (Table 1) and the answer was based on the Likert scale. Data analysis tool was SPSS software and Friedman test was used to analyze the data. Results and discussion:As mentioned in this study, 384 residents of apartment houses in Shiraz were studied. Their questionnaire was compiled in three areas of mental health, physical health and social health. Residents' preferences for the presence of health components in their apartments were also analyzed and two hypotheses were tested.Hypothesis 1: The "security and safety" component in all three areas of physical, mental and social health seems to be a key indicator in residents' preferences.Hypothesis 2: Among the three aspects of health, "mental health" is a priority for residents. Both hypotheses were confirmed in this study.Conclusion:The aim of this study was to analyze the components of health in all three dimensions of physical, mental and social, in housing, as one of the aspects of sustainable urban development. The results indicate that the component of "security and safety" in all aspects of physical, mental and social health, had the highest average level of preferences. Also, according to the results of this article, it seems that among the three dimensions of physical, mental and social health, people pay more attention to "mental health" and this aspect of health is the first priority of their needs, it seems that, The reason for this result, is people’s need to "relax" at home, which especially in contemporary urban life, has become the most important concern and expectation of people from their homes. The issue of peace and calm in the home, both mentally and emotionally, is an issue that affects the quality of life of residents, which is caused by various conditions.The results of this study introduce the components of "mental health" in housing 11 items, which include: attention to building security, reducing noise pollution, light or visual, suitable landscape, attention to the dimensions of the house and spaces, number of rooms, sound privacy And visual privacy, separation of private and public spaces in the building, the existence of relaxing spaces, flexibility, providing natural and artificial light in order to produce peace of mind and use of green space. In fact, these components are indicators in the field of mental health that can bring relaxation at home. Also, key indicators in the field of "physical health" include 4 components, which include: attention to physical security (safety) of the building, including structures and earthquakes, fire and firefighting, attention to climate issues such as natural light, building hygiene and cleanliness, open spaces (Terrace or yard or roof) In order to increase physical activity and prevent respiratory diseases. Also, "social health" indicators include 5 components and the most important of them include: security, the existence of space for all family members to communicate and interact with each other, and the design of spaces for communication and interaction with neighbors and interaction with each other. These indicators can be very important in health policies and disease prevention and intervention. Among the extracted components, security, landscape, light, noise pollution, light pollution and visual pollution, climate and health, in addition to the need to pay attention to these components in architectural environmental policies, their intensity and weakness in housing design and the issue of health is directly related to urban environmental policies. Undoubtedly, health and development are closely related and enjoying physical, mental and social health is an individual and social right of every individual. Also, having a healthy body and soul is one of the basic infrastructures for the comprehensive development of any society.
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