اثر بازدارندگی چند قارچکش بر رشد و نمودو گونه قارچ Alternaria alternata و Alternaria solani
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکیمهدی نصر اصفهانی 1 , ساحره نادرپور 2 , ندا رفیع زاده 3
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کلید واژه: بازدارندگی, Potato, سیب زمینی, قارچکش, لکهموجی, alternata Alternaria, Alternaria solani, fungicides, Fungistatic, Early blight, Alternari alternate, A. solani,
چکیده مقاله :
بیماری لکه موجی یکی از بیماریهای مهم و رایج بوده که در اکثر گیاهان زراعی و بخصوص خانوادهی Solanaceae ایجاد بیماری می نماید. هم اکنون در ایران این بیماری مزارع سیب زمینی را به طور همه گیر تهدید مینماید. در بررسیهای آزمایشگاهی تاثیر قارچکشهای ایپرودیون، کلروتالونیل و مانکوزب در غلظت یک پی پیام، در مقایــسه با تری فلوکسی استروبین در غلظتهای 1 ،2 ،5 و 10 پی پیام روی محیط کشتهای جامد مختلف شامل PDA و CMA روی دو گونهی Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler.و Alternaria solani (Ell. and Mart.) Jones and Grout. مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که همهی قارچکشهای مورد آزمون در بازدارندگی این دو گونه موثر و تفاوتهایی از نظر میزان سرعت رشد پرگنه دارند. در مرحلهی بعدی مقایسهی قارچکش تری فلوکسی استروبین در غلظتهای 1، 2، 5، 10، 20، 50، 100، 200، 500 و 1000 پی پیام روی دو گونهی مذکور نیز نشان داد که غلظتهای این قارچکش قادر به بازدارندگی این دو گونه در سطح آزمایشگاه هستند، به طوری که با افزایش غلظت قارچکش، سرعت رشد پرگنهی گونهها کاهش قابل توجهی یافت. بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی در قارچکش تری فلوکسی استروبین با غلظتهای500 و 1000 پی پیام و کمترین اثر بازدارندگی در تری فلوکسی استروبین با غلظت یک پی پیام مشاهده شد. بررسی تاثیر قارچکشهای فوق بر میزان اسپورزایی گونهی A. alternata نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت قارچکش میزان اسپورزایی کاهش مییابد و بالاترین میزان اسپورزایی در تیمار با قارچکش مانکوزب و کمترین آن در قارچکش تری فلوکسی استروبین با غلظت 1000 پی پیام بود. شاخصهای رشدی، شامل وزنتر و خشک میسلیوم در محیط مایع زاپکس تحت تاثیر قارچکش قرار گرفته و بیشترین وزن تر میسلیوم در تیمار قارچکش مانکوزب و کمترین آن در تیمار تری فلوکسی استروبین با غلظت 1000 پی پیام مشاهده شد.
Early blight is an important and ubiquitous disease which attacks many herbaceous plants Specially Solanaceae family. Already this disease threaten the potato fields In Iran. The experiments were conducted in order to study the effects of rovral, Chlrotalonil, Mancozeb fungicides in 1 ppm against flint in 1, 2, 5, 10 ppm on different culture media, including PDA and CMA for two species Alternaria alternata & Alternaria solani. The result indicated that, all of tested fungicides could prevent the growth of two species with the various levels, as far as the growth rates are concerned. Also flint fungicide in various concentrations, 1,2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm indicated that it could effectively inhibit the growth of two fungal species, as the dosages are increased, indicating the reductions in the growth correspondingly. The highest inhibitions were flint 500 and 1000 ppm and the lowest in flint 1 ppm. This fungicides had a very significant effects on the sporulation of A. alternate, indicated that, with the increased in fungicides concentrations, the sporogenesis decreased, in which the highest sporulation was in Mancozeb treatment and the lowest was in flint with 1000 ppm Also, the results indicated, that the fungicides had effective reductions on the dry and wet mycelial growth weights on zapeks culture media, where the highest wet weights were observed in Mancozeb fungicide, and the lowest was in flint, 1000 ppm.
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