اثر نانو ذرات نقره بر فلور قارچی بذور گندم رقم چمران

محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی

محسن قمری ¹ ()
مسعود لطیفیان ² ()
منصور فربد ³ ()
نازنین امیر بختیار ⁴ ()

تاریخ دریافت : 1390/02/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1390/06/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1390/09/01

کلید واژه: Control, Wheat, nano silver, گندم, کنترل, فلور قارچی, قارچ های بذر زاد, نانو ذرات نقره, fungi flora, seed-born fungi,

چکیده مقاله :

در این تحقیق اثر نانو ذرات نقره بر فلور قارچی بذر گندم رقم چمران و تعیین غلظت مناسب این ماده بر قارچ های بذرزاد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در شش تیمار که شامل یک سطح ضد عفونی با هیپوکلریت سدیم 5/2 درصد به عنوان روش متداول ضد عفونی سطحی و پنج سطح پوشش بذر با نانو ذرات نقره(3/1=S1، 4=S2، 7/6=S3، 3/9=S4 و 2666=S5) در معیار میلی گرم در لیتر نیترات نقره و چهار تکرار طراحی و اجرا گردید. نتایجنشان داد که بین سطوح مختلف ضدعفونی اختلاف معنی داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد از نظر شاخص بیماری وجود داشت. سطح S1 در حدود 50 درصد شاخص بیماری را در مقایسه با تیمار هیپوکلریت سدیم کاهش داد. بیشترین کاهش (حدود 75 درصد) این شاخص در مقایسه با شاهد مربوط به سطح S5بود. متوسط غلظت کشنده نانو ذرات نقره بر گونه های غالب شامل Alternaria alternaria، .Aspergillus sp، Fusarium graminiarum، .Penicilium sp، .Torula sp به منظور دست یابی به غلظت مناسب جهت کاربرد عملی براساس روش فینی محاسبه گردید. حداکثر غلظت 50 درصد بازدارندگی برای قارچ Torula sp.معادل 6/1875 میلی گرم در لیتر و حداقل آن برای قارچ های Alternaria alternariaو Aspergillus sp معادل 02/0 میلی گرم در لیتر ثبت شد. با توجه به اینکه قارچ های بذرزاد به صورت گروهی بر روی بستر بذری فعال می باشند در نظر گرفتن حداکثر غلظت لازم یعنی معادل 6/1875 میلی گرم در لیتر برای دستیابی به ضد عفونی کاربردی ضروری می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study was carried out in order to investigate the possibility of  controlling seed-born disease of wheat Chamran cultivar by  nano silver seed coating and indicate relevant concentration of  nano silver on fungal seed-born of wheat at Khouzestan-Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University. Experiment was conducted in the form of completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments. Treatments included one level of disinfection by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and five levels of seed coating by different concentration  of silver nano particle (S1 = 1.30, S2 = 4, S3 = 6.70, S4 = 9.3 and S5 = 2666 mg of silver nitrate solution). Results showed that there was a significant difference among disinfection levels (P≤0.01) for disease index. In comparison with sodium hypochlorite, the Disease Index was declined about 50% by S1 treatment. The most favorable effect on decreasing Disease Index was observed with S5 treatment where it dropped up to 75%. According to results the mean of mortal concentration of nano silver on dominant species (Aspergillus sp.,fusarium graminiarum, Penicilium sp ., Torula sp.,  Alternaria alternaria) was calculated using Fini method in order to approach the finest concentration. The maximum LC50 was obtained for Torula sp. 1875.6 ml/lit and the minimum 0.02 ml/lit was for Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria alternaria. Regarding to this point that fungal seed-borne are active on seed bed in the form of a band, for approach to efficient disinfection it is essential to use the maximum needed concentration. 

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