بازنمایی گفتمان های جنسیتی حاکم بر ورزش زنان با رویکرد جامعه‌شناختی
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات جامعه شناسی ورزشیسمانه نظری 1 , رحیم رمضانی نژاد 2 , حمیدرضا گوهر رستمی 3 , محمد مهدی رحمتی 4
1 - گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
2 - گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
3 - گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
4 - گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: جنسیت, ورزش زنان, هنجارهای جنسیتی, برابری جنسیتی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بازنمایی و تحلیل گفتمان‌های جنسیتی حاکم بر ورزش زنان با رویکرد جامعه‌شناختی است.روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع تحقیق کیفی و با استفاده از روش تحلیل تماتیک (تحلیل مضمون) انجام گردید. براین اساس، 150 مقاله پژوهشی معتبر به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و بر اساس اشتراک مفهومی، مورد تحلیل و کدگذاری قرار گرفت. به‌طورکلی، از 11 مضمون پایه (اصلی)، 3 مضمون سازمان و درنهایت تم فراگیر استخراج شد که شبکه مضامین مرتبط با گفتمان‌های جنسیتی حاکم بر ورزش زنان را ترسیم و تحلیل می‌کند. روش اعتبارسنجی پژوهش نیز بر اساس ارائه و بازخورد نتایج پژوهش به صاحب‌نظران برای تائید نهایی آن اعمال گردید.یافته‌ها: بر اساس، تحلیل مضمون داده‌های پژوهش، سه مضمون پایه شامل حاکمیت هنجارهای جنسیتی در ورزش، بازنمایی رسانه‌ای ورزش زنان و تبعیض جنسیتی در ورزش شناسایی شدند که توانستند مضمون مرکزی گفتمان‌های جنسیتی حاکم بر ورزش زنان را آشکار سازند.نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس سه مضمون پایه، تغییر در نقش‌ها، نگرش‌ها و باورهای جامعه به ورزش زنان می‌تواند به تغییر حاکمیت هنجارهای جنسیتی در ورزش؛ بازنمایی کمی و کیفی ورزش زنان در رسانه‌ها و شبکه‌های اجتماعی به عینیت‌بخشی مناسب مشارکت زنان؛ و درنهایت استقرار برابری جنسیتی در حقوق و مزایا، منابع، آموزش و مدیریت می‌تواند منجر به درک بهتر ورزش زنان و درنتیجه، ایجاد سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی‌های راهبردی در این زمینه راهگشا باشد.
Objective: Deep analysis of women's issues in sport and especially in the sociology of sport has always been among major scientific approaches and paradigms, and one of the most special discourses in sport is its gender issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to represent and analyze gender-dominant discourses in women's sports with a sociological approach.Methodology: The current research was qualitative and used a thematic analysis method. Therefore, 150 valid research articles were analyzed and coded based on conceptual commonality and purposive sampling techniques. The textual data with these samples continued until the researcher reached the theoretical saturation stage. The research data were classified in the form of analysis of the topics related to the discourses. In general, from 11 basic (main) themes, 3 organizing themes and finally a semantic theme were extracted, which draws and analyzes the network of themes related to gender dominant discourses in women's sports. The research validation method was also applied based on the presentation and feedback of the research results to the experts for its final approval.Results: Based on the theme analysis of the research data, three basic themes including the domination of gender norms in sports, media representation of women's sports and gender discrimination in sports were identified, which were able to represent the central theme of gender dominant discourses in women's sports. In a general view, all of the themes extracted at the middle level and the basic concepts at the micro level were all related and there was a close relationship between these categories for drawing gender discourses in women's sports. Based on the network of drawn themes, it can be concluded that the sum of these themes can well represent the semantic theme.Conclusion: Based on three basic themes, the change in the roles, attitudes and beliefs of the society towards women's sports can change the dominance of gender norms in sports; Quantitative and qualitative representation of women's sports in the media and social media to make appropriate objectification of women's participation; And finally, the establishment of gender equality in rights and benefits, resources, education and management can lead to a better understanding of women's sports and, as a result, create policies and strategic plans in this field.
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