فرا تحلیل پژوهش های رابطه سبک رهبری دموکراتیک مربیان با رضایتمندی ورزشکاران

محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی

علی زمانی نوکاآبادی ¹ (گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دهاقان، ایران.)
مهرداد افخمی ² (گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/10/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/12/21 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/01/01

کلید واژه: فراتحلیل, مربیان, رضایتمندی ورزشکاران, رهبری دمکراتیک,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف: سبک رهبری مربی را می‌‌توان به عنوان فرآیند اثرگذار بر فرد و گروهی که در دستیابی به اهداف تلاش می‌کنند تعریف کرد. سبک رهبری دموکراتیک، رفتارهایی هستند که به ورزشکار اجازة شرکت در تصمیم‌گیری مربوط به گروه را می‌دهند. رضایت ورزشکار به عنوان پیامد یا دستاورد کار مربی در تحقیقات رهبری در نظر گرفته شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ترکیب کمی نتایج پژوهش های انجام شده در این حوزه در داخل کشور انجام گرفته است. روش‌شناسی: جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر شامل همه مقالات درباره رابطه سبک رهبری دموکراتیک و رضایتمندی ورزشکاران بود. در این فراتحلیل نتایج پژوهش‌هایی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است که از لحاظ روش‌شناختی شرایط لازم را احراز کرده باشد. به منظور گردآوری داده‌های مورد نیاز برای فراتحلیل از یک فرم کدگذاری استفاده شد. با استفاده از روش فراتحلیل و نرم افزار جامع فراتحلیل (CMA2)تعداد 7 مقاله انتخاب شد. این مطالعه با استفاده از تکنیک‌ محاسبه اندازه اثر انجام شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در تمامی تحقیقات، سبک رهبری دموکراتیک و رضایتمندی اثرگذار بوده که خروجی نرم افزار با میانگین اندازه اثر 25/0 این موضوع را تأیید می‌کند و این میزان اندازه اثر گویای تأثیرگذاری کمتر از حد متوسط است. نمودار قیفی نشان داد یک تورش انتشار در مطالعات وجود دارد که بیانگر عدم انتشار بعضی مطالعات یا عدم دسترسی محققین به بعضی از مقالات یا نتایج مطالعات می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های حاصل از این فراتحلیل نشان داد که سبک رهبری دموکراتیک و رضایتمندی ورزشکاران تأثیری با میانگین اندازه اثر 25/0 دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Objective: Coach leadership style can be defined as the process of influencing the individual and group trying to achieve goals. Democratic styles are behaviors that allow the athlete to participate in group decisions. The authoritarian style, on the other hand, involves the coach making independent decisions based on his personal authority. Athlete satisfaction is considered as a consequence or achievement of the coach's work in leadership research. The present study aims to quantitatively combine the results of research conducted in this field in the country.Methodology: The statistical population of the present study includes all articles on the relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction and in order to collect the data needed for meta-analysis, a coding form was used. Using meta-analysis method and comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA2), 7 articles were selected and reviewed. This study was performed using the effect size calculation technique. In this way, the statistical tests used in the hypotheses were analyzed after becoming the effect size. The statistical population of the present study included all articles on the relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction. In this meta-analysis, the results of researches that have met the necessary conditions in terms of methodology have been studied. That is, articles and criteria within the treasure have been used. These criteria in the research are: 1 research has been done in Iran. 2 In the relevant research, leadership style and athletes' satisfaction have been used as an independent or dependent variable. 3 The research must have provided the necessary information for the practical extraction of the effect size (relationship strength). Therefore, the number of researches selected for meta-analysis is seven.Results: The results of meta-analysis showed that in all studies, democratic leadership style and satisfaction were effective, which software output with an average effect size of 0.25 confirms this issue and this amount of effect size is less than average. The funnel diagram also showed that there is a publication bias in the studies, which indicates that some studies have not been published or researchers do not have access to some articles or study results. The relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction is below average. About 25% of the calculated effects are in the lower middle class (with an average effect size of 0.25).Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis showed that democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction have an effect with an average effect size of 0.25.

منابع و مأخذ:

Andrew, D. P. S. (2004). The effect of congruence of leadership behaviors on motivation, commitment and satisfaction of college tennis players. A dissertation submitted to the Florida state university.

Anshel, M. H. (2011). Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice (5ed.). Gorsuch Scarisbrick Publication.

Asgari, B.; Khorshidi, R.; Khodayari, A. (2012). The relationship between coaches' leadership style and the satisfaction of Iranian men's volleyball premier league athletes. Sport Psychology Studies, 2: 65-74. [Persian]

Aslankhani, M. A. (2000). Investigating and describing the relationship between different leadership styles with the satisfaction of the country's sports professors. Harekat, 5: 63-58.  [Persian]

Chelladurai, P. and Riemer, H. A. (1997). A classification of the facets of athlete satisfaction. Journal of sport management, 11, PP: 133-159.

Chelladurai, P., and Saleh, S. D. (1980). Dimensions of leader behavior in sports: development of leader scale. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2. PP: 34-35.

Cohen, J. (1998). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (second edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Ghorbanizade, V,m Behfar, S. (2013). Meta-analysis of electronic readiness research organizations in Iran. Intelligent business management studies, 2(6): 2-22.[Persian]

Ghorbanizade, V. Nangir, H. (2013). Practical meta-analysis tips with software CMA2. Tehran: Jameeshenasan. [Persian]

Hatamleh, M. R. (2009). Coach’s leadership behavior as a predictor of satisfaction with leadership: perceptions of athletes with physical disabilities. Associate professor of sport psychology, Yarmouk University.

Karreman, E., Dorsch, K. and Riemer, H. (2009). Athlete satisfaction and leadership: assessing group – level effects. Small group research Journal. 40: 7-20.

Khalaj, G. Khabiri, M. Sajjadi. N. (2011). The relationship between coaches’ leadership styles and player satisfaction in women skate championship. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 15: 3596-3601. [Persian]

Little, J.H. Corcoran, J. & Pillai, V. (2008). Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis. Published by Oxford University Press.

Mohades, F., Ramezaninejad, R., Khabiri, M., Kazemnejad, A. (2010). Coaching leadership style and satisfaction of Iranian professional athletes. Sport management studies, 8(29): 125-138. [Persian]

Nazarudin, M. N. B. H. Fauzee, M. S. O. Jamalis, M. Geok, S. K. and Din. A. (2009). Coaching leadership styles and athlete satisfactions among Malaysian university basketball team. Research Journal of International Studies, 9: 23-30.

Nuruzi Seyedhoseini, R.; Fathi, H.; Sadeghi Borojerdi, S. (2012). The effect of coaching leadership behaviors on sports commitment, achievement motivation and satisfaction of Iranian Premier League judokas. Sport Management, 17: 173-190. [Persian]

Nuruzi Seyedhoseini, R. (2013). The Relationship between Perceptions of Coaches' Leadership Behaviors and Development Goals and Satisfaction of Iran's Elite Female Basketball Players. Sport Management Studies, 18: 143-158.  [Persian]

Nuruzi Seyedhoseini, R.; Kozechian, H.; Honary, H.; Nuruzi Seyedhoseini, E. (2013). The relationship between coaching leadership styles and the satisfaction of Iran's elite judokas. Sport Management, 19: 173-190. [Persian]

Oliver, E.J. Hardy, J. Markland, D. (2010). Identifying important practice behaviors for the development of high – level youth athletes: exploring the perspectives of elite coaches. Journal of Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 11: 433-443.

Ramezaninejad, R.; Hematinajad M.; Nushin, B.; Fallah, M. (2010). Relationship between the methods of exercising the power of coaches and the satisfaction of female athletes in Mazandaran province. Olympic, 18(1): 34-46.[Persian]

Riemer, H. A., and Chelladurai, P. (1995). Leadership and satisfaction in athletics. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17: 276-293.

Rosenthal, R. (1994). Parametric measures of effect size. In The Handbook of Research synthesis. Edited by Cooper, H. and Hedges, LV, eds. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 231-44.

Vadadhir, A,m Ghazi Tabatabaee, M. (2010). Meta-analysis in sociology and Bahavioral researches. Tehran: Jameshenasan.

Vincer, D., Loughead, T. M. (2010). The relationship among athlete leadership behaviors and cohesion in team sports, Sport Psychologist, 24 (4), 448-467.