تاثیر عصاره گیاه زیرفون(Tilia platyphyllos L.) بر میزان هورمون های جنسی و تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیک در موش های صحرایی نر سالم و مبتلا به واریکوسل

محورهای موضوعی : مجله پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی

ریحانه محبعلی ¹ ( گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران )
اکرم عیدی ² ( گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران )
پژمان مرتضوی ³ ( گروه پاتولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران )
محمد امین عدالت منش ⁴ ( دانشیار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران )

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/07/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/10/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/12/01

کلید واژه: موش صحرایی, واریکوسل, زیرفون, بیضه,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: واریکوسل یکی از شایع ترین علل ناباروری در مردان دارد. مطالعات گوناگونی در خصوص درمان واریکوسل و تغییرات هورمونی بیضه ها صورت گرفته است. یکی از درمان های غیرتهاجمی واریکوسل درمان با گیاه زیرفون(Tilia platyphyllos L.) به عنوان یک دارویی در درمان زخم معده، اسپاسم و آرام بخش استفاده می شود. ترکیبات شیمیایی همانند ترپنوئیدها و فلاونوئیدها در گیاه زیرفون شناسایی شده است. هدف بررسی اثر عصاره گیاه زیرفون بر آسیب شناسی بیضه موش های صحرایی سالم و واریکوسلی انجام گرفت. روش کار: در این تحقیق 48 سر موش صحرایی به صورت تصادفی در 8 گروه تقسیم شدند: کنترل سالم، گروه های سالم دریافت کننده عصاره زیرفون (50، 100 و 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن دریافت خوراکی، روزانه)، کنترل نابارور(جراحی واریکوسل)، گروه های واریکوسلی همراه با عصاره زیرفون(50، 100 و 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن دریافت خوراکی، روزانه). پس از 60 روز خون گیری و آزمایشات هورمونی و بافتی بیضه انجام شد و داده ها با آنالیز واریانس یک عاملی ارزیابی شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که میزان هورمون تستوسترون کاهش و میزان هورمون LH و FSH افزایش معناداری در حیوانات کنترل واریکوسل در مقایسه با کنترل سالم نموده است. تیمار عصاره زیرفون از تغییرات هورمون های جنسی جلوگیری کرده و سبب بهبود معناداری در میزان هورمون های جنسی و بافتی حیوانات نابارور شده است. نتیجه گیری: ظاهرا زیرفون به عنوان عامل آنتی اکسیدانی در برابر آسیب های القاء واریکوسل در موش صحرایی عمل می کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Aim: Varicocele is one of the most common causes of infertility in men. Various studies have been performed on the treatment of varicocele and hormonal changes in the testicles. One of the non-invasive treatments for varicocele is treatment with Tilia platyphyllos L. as a medicine used to treat stomach ulcers, spasms and sedatives. Chemical compounds such as terpenoids and flavonoids have been identified in the linden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of linden extract on testicular pathology of healthy and varicocele rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: healthy control, healthy groups receiving linden extract (50, 100 and 200 mg / kg intragastrically, daily) alone, infertile control (varicocele surgery), varicocele groups together with linden extract (50, 100 and 200 mg / kg intragastrically, daily). After 60 days, serum was obtained and hormonal assays and histopathological examinations were performed and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.Results: The results showed that the level of testosterone decreased and levels of LH and FSH increased significantly in varicocele control animals compared with healthy controls. َAlso, administration of linden extract has prevented hormonal changes and has significantly improved the sex hormones level and histological index in varicocele rats.Conclusion: The linden extract acts as a potent antioxidant against varicocele-induced damage in rats.

منابع و مأخذ:

1.Abd-Elmoaty, M., Saleh, R., Sharma, R., Agarwal, A. (2010). Increased levels of oxidants and reduced antioxidants in semen of infertile men with varicocele. Fertil Steril, 94(4);1531-1534.

2.Agarwal, A., Sharma, RK., Desai, NR., Prabakaran, S., Tavares, A., Sabanegh, E. (20090. Role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of varicocele and infertility. Urology, (3); 461-469.

3.Alizadeh, M ., Nasebakht, A., Valizadeh, R. (2018). Apreliminary evaluation of serum level of testosterone, LH, and FSH in patients with varicocele after varicocelectomy as a kidney-related disease. Ther Clin Risk Manag, 4(14); 1585-1590.

4.Alsaikhan, B., Alrabeeah, K., Delouya, G., Zini, A. (2016). Epidemiology of varicocele. Asian J Androl, 18(2);179–181.

5.Angeles-López, GE., González-Trujano, ME., Déciga-Campos, M., Ventura-Martínez, R. (2013). Neuroprotective evaluation of Tilia americana and Annona diversifolia in the neuronal damage induced by intestinal ischemia. Neurochem Res, 38(8); 1632-1640.

6.Azizollahi, G., Azizollahi, S., Babaei, H., Kianinejad, M., Baneshi, M., Nematollahimahani, S. (2013). Effects of supplement therapy on sperm parameters, protamine content and acrosomal integrity of varicocelectomized subjects. J Assist Reprod Genet, 30(4); 593-599.

7.Bong, GW., Koo, HP. (2004). The adolescent varicocele: to treat or not to treat. Urol Clin North Am, 31(3);509-15.

8.Cárdenas-Rodríguez, N., González-Trujano, M., Aguirre-Hernández, E. (2014). Anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of Tilia americana var. mexicana and flavonoids constituents in the pentylen etetrazole induced seizures. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2014; 329172.

9.Chen, SS., Chen, LK. (2011). Predictive factors of successful varicocelectomy in infertile patients. Urol Int, 86(3);320–324.

10.Chiba, K., Fujisawa, M. (2016). Clinical outcomes of varicocele repair in infertile men: a review. World J Mens Health, 34(2); 101–109.

11.Coballase-Urrutia, E., Cárdenas-Rodríguez, N., Carolina González-García, M. (2017). Biochemical and molecular modulation of CCl 4-induced peripheral and central damage by Tilia americana var. mexicana extracts. Saudi Pharm J, 25(3); 319-331.

12.Cüce, F., Demiray, Ö., Küçük, U., Olgun Küçük, H. (2016). Varicocele: tissue stress in the etiology. Turk JMed Sci, 46(4); 1014–1017.

13.Divya, V., Girish Kumar, V., Nandel, S., Ramchandra, SG. (2014). Dynamics of spermatogenesis. Annual Research & Review Biology, 4(1); 38-50.

14.Duke, JA. (2002). Handbook of Medicinal herbs. 2th ed. CRC Press, 467-8.

15.ElBardisi, H., Arafa, M., Rengan, AK. (2005). Varicocele among infertile men in Qatar. Andrologia, 49(4);

16.El-Sakka, AI., Hassoba, HM., Sayed, HM., Tayeb, KA. (2005). Pattern of endocrinal changes in patients with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med, 2(4); 551-8.

17.Evarte-Bundere, G. (2014). Analysis of some limiting ecological factors on the example of the distribution of the genus Tilia L. cultivated in Latvia. Estonian Journal of Ecology, 63(3);185-202.

18.Francavilla, S., Bruno, B., Martini, M. (1986). Quantitative evaluation of Leydig cells in testicular biopsies of men with varicocele. Arch Androl, 16(2);111-7.

19.Fujisawa, M., Dobashi, M., Yamasaki, T. (2001). Significance of seruminhibin B concentration for evaluating improvement in spermatogenesis after varicocelectomy. Hum Reprod, 16(9); 1945–1949.

20-Gat, Y., Gornish, M., Belenky, A., Bachar, GN. (2004).Elevation of serum testos‌terone and free testosterone after embolization of the internal spermatic vein for the treatment of varicocele in infertile men. Hum Reprod, 19(10);2303–2306.

21.Goel, RK., Prabha, T., Kumar, MM., Dorababu, M., Singh, G. (2006). Teratogenicity of Asparagus racehorses Willd, Root. A herbal medicine Indian Jexp Bio, 44(7);503-570.

22.Hatami, L., Estakhr, J. (2013).The Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita on the hormonal pituitary-testis axis and testis tissue changes of mature male rats. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences Spring, 3(1); 56-62.

23.Hayden, RP., Tanrikut, C. (2016). Testosterone and varicocele. Urol Clin North Am, 43(2); 223–232.

24.Hemmati Borujeni, N., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P., Oryan, Sh. (2020). Effect of Tilia platyphyllos on cadmium chloride – induced testicular damage in adult male wistar rats. Research in Medicine, 44(1); 270-275.

25.Jabeur, I., Martins, N., Barros, L., Calhelha, R., Vaz, J., Achour, L. (2017). Contribution of phenolic composition to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor potential of Equisetum giganteum L. and Tilia platyphyllos Scop. Food Funct, 8(3); 975-984.

26.Johnsen ,SG. (1970). Testicular biopsy score count—a method for registration of spermatogenesis in human testis: normal values and result in 352 hypogonadal males. Hormones 1; 2-25.

27.Kaneko, T., Sasaki, S., Yanai, Y., Umemoto, Y., Kohri, K. (2007). Effect of microsurgical repair of the varicocele on testicular function in adolescence and adulthood. Int J Urol, 14(12); 1080–1083

28.Karioti, A., Chiarabini, L., Alachkar, A., Fawaz Chehna, M., Vincieri, F., Bilia, R. (2014). HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS analyses of Tiliae flos and its preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 100; 205-214.

29.Li, F., Yue, H., Yamaguchi, K. (2012). Effect of surgical repair on testosterone production in infertile men with varicocele: a meta-analysis. Int J Urol, 19(2); 149–154.

30.Liu, JJ., Dong, Q., Yang, YR. (2007). Effects of experimental varicocele on the testosterone level in the serum and testis of rats. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue, 13(4); 335-7.

31.Luo, DY., Yang, G., Liu, JJ., Yang, YR., Dong, Q. (2011). Effects of varicocele on testosterone, apoptosis and expression of StAR mRNA in rat Leydig cells. Asian J Androl, 13(2); 287–291.

32.Merve, B., Sinem, I., Gozde, K. (2017). Reproductive toxicity after levetiracetam administration in male rats: Evidence for role of hormonal status and oxidative stress. PLoS One, 12(4); e0175990.

33.Morovvati, H., Moradi, H.R., Adibmoradi, M., Sheybani, MT., Salar Amoli, J. (2016). Effects of wheat sprout extract on the quality of sperm in rats exposed to lead. Journal, 12(3); 76-85.

34.Mostafa, T., Anis, T., Imam, H., El-Nashar , A., Osman, I. (2009). Seminal reactive oxygen species–antioxidant relationship in fertile males with and without varicocele. Andrologia,  41; 125-9.

35.Raboch, J., Mellan, J., Starka, L. (1975). Plasma testosterone in male patients with sexual dysfunction. Arch Sex Behav, 4(5); 541-5.

36.Redmon, JB., Carey, P., Pryor, JL. (2002). Varicocele- the most common cause of male factor infertility? Hum Reprod Update, 8(1);53-58.

37.Rodríguez-Magaña, MP., Cordero-Pérez, P., Rivas-Morales, C. Hypoglycemic activity of Tilia americana, Borago officinalis, Chenopodium nuttalliae, and Piper sanctum on Wistar Rats. J Diabetes Res, 2019; 1-6.

38-Salem HK, Mostafa T. Preserved testicular artery at varicocele repair. Andrologia, 41(4); 241–245.

39.Staub, C., Johnson, L. (2018). Review: Spermatogenesis in the bull. Animal, 12(1); 27-s35.

40.Tadayyon, F., Mellat, M., Khorrami, MF., Shahdoost, AA., Haghdoost, FS. (2011). Comparing the serum level of testosterone and the relative frequency of premature ejaculation in patients with varicocele and normal population. Journal of Isfahan Medical School Original Article, 28(124); 2032-2038.

41.Tiago, F., Elisabete, N-G., Sara, M. (2021). Toxicological and anti-tumor effects of a linden extract ( Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) in a HPV16-transgenic mouse model. Food Funct, 12(9); 4005-4014.

42.Tiseo, BC., Esteves, SC., Cocuzza, MS. (2016). Summary evidence on the effects of varicocele treatment to improve natural fertility in subfertile men. Asian J Androl, 18(2); 239–245.

43.Toker, G., Aslam, M., Zesilada, E., Memisolu, M., Ito, S. (2001). Comparative evaluation of the flavonoid content in officinal Tiliae flos and Turkish lime species for quality assessment. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 26; 111–21.

44.Turner, TT. (2001). The study of varicocele through the use of animal models. Hum Reprod Update, 7(1); 78-.84

45.Wein, A., Kavoussi, L., Partin, A., Peters, C. (2011). Campbell Walsh Text Book of Urology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 810–820.

46.Yayalacı, Y., Celik, I., Batı, B. (2014). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of linden (Tilia platyphyllos L.) infusion against ethanolinduced oxidative stress in rats. J Membr Biol, 247(2); 181-188.

47. Zargari ,A. (1997). Medicinal plants, Tehran, Tehran University Publications., 7th edition; Vol. 1, 399-402.

48.Zeppa, S., Vallorani, L., Potenza, L. (2000). Estimation of fungal biomass and transcript levels in Tilia plathyphyllos Tuber borchii ectomycorrhizae. FEMS Microbial Lett, 188(2); 119-124